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WPC'O&n'O&n'9!O&n'XKƚb y] %g n' L%O&n'  "--r#% "- -   P~ #~ ~   "-  "- ~  ~  ~ ' ~ < ~ C ~ X ~ _ ~ t ~ { ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~ !~ !~ !~ #!~ 8!~ ?!~ T!~ [!~ p!~ w!~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ "~ "~ "~ 4"~ ;"~ P"~ W"~ l"~ s"~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ #~ #~ 0#~ 7#~ L#~ S#~ h#~ o#~ #~ #~ #~ "--  "-0#a $a 0#~ # 0##  "-  "-   ' < C X _ t {         !!!#!8!?!T![!p!w!!!!!!!!!!"""4";"P"W"l"s"""""""""""##0#7#L#S#h#o#-  "-(# $(##-(##  "-  "-   ' < C X _ t {         !!!#!8!?!T![!p!w!!!!!!!!!!"""4";"P"W"l"s"""""""""""##0#7#L#S#h#o####-  "-+# $+##+#6Times New Roman0- -- 2 h$ V1e6Times New Roman- g2 @Figure II-2. Coating Mixing and Storage UOS (Primer or Topcoat)y9eqUX3ONCe232eeB9qe29e8qe3eqq2qCeYeeY2q3ByY9YY2eY3ueqYeeBC  "--W!  "-- - \1 \ "-%\1 - $ 1    % F $FFb%b $b6Times New Roman0- --T2  3Emissions = F1 + (F2)(x1) - (L1)(x2) = V1 + V2 + V3{8OO8eeO2q3oe2r2CoeBCgeC2C2CweBCgeC2q3e3q2e3q2e  2 h$V2d  2 h$EV3e 2  Virgin8?c8e 2 X Solventqe8eYe9 2 }Z Storageq8eCYcY 2 CoatingeX99dc 2 Mixing9g8ec 2 uCoatingeY98ec 2 uStorageq8eCYcY  "--<l% T) T "-%T) - $ )  S "-%S "- $S22 "-%2 "-  $ XPX  "-  "-^ez ")>EZav} %:AV]ry!6=RYnu   2 9 N U j q             . 5 J Q f m             * 1 F M b i ~            & - B I ^ e z            " ) > E Z a v }          %:AV]ry!6=RYnu29NUjq.5JQfm*1FMbi~ &-BIP-  "-w $whq p pq p  "-  "-w p~ p p p p p p p p p p p p& p; pB pW p^ ps pz p p p p p p p p p p p p" p7 p> pS pZ po pv p p p p p p p p p p p p-  "- S $S p  0a a0a  "-  "-6a=aRaYanauaaaaaaaaaaaaa2a9aNaUajaqaaaaaaaaaaaaa.a5aJaQafamaaaaaaaaaaaaa*a1aFaMabaia~aaaaaaaaaa a a& a- aB aI a^ ae az a a a a a a a a a a a a" a) a> aE aZ aa av a} a a a a a a a a a a a a% a: aA aV a] ar ay a a a a a a a a a a-  "- D $D a }  -- 2 V4e  2 V5e  2 V6d 2 CoatingeY89ec 2 } Applicationee98YY98ee 2 MFlashoffo9YNee?B  2 gOveneYeh3h  "-%h3- $3hhh%hh --!2 L2= coating wasteweq3YeY89ec2YO9X !2 x3= % HAP by massgeq33q2e_3YON6Times New Roman- E2 )Figure II-3. Coating Application/Drying y8eqUY2OOCe232eeC8re2qr89XeC9eq8Xe9qe2  2 UOSq $2 b(Primer or Topcoat)CyY8YX3eY2ueqYeeCB6Times New Roman0- !2  F1= Solvent Inputoeq3qe8eYe92?eee87  "-%7- $7 --32 L L1= Coating to Process3232323weq2eY98ec38e3qBeYYOO $2 Ex2= % HAP by massgeq33r23d_32YNO E2 @)Emissions = (F2)(x2) - (L2)(x3) = V4 + V7|9NO9eeN3q2CoeCBgeC2C3BweCCgdC3q2d3q3e!X!:!X  "-%X!:!-  $ X!!q!q%q!x $xq -- 2 1D"UOSq 2 +!BoundaryeeeeYB_ !2 1F2= Coating Inputpeq2eY98ec3>eee9 !2 y1x2= % HAP by massger22q2e_3YOO  "--R X "-%X- $X  L  "-% L  "-* $*L  --=2 $physically connected unit operationsee_O8YY98_3XeeeYY9Xe3ee892eeYCY89eeN F2 y*direction of process flow (not physically e9BYY98ee3eB3eBeYYON3C8e3Cde92ee_O9XY98_3 2 r connected)YeeeYY8YeC   "--U&h'ZZXZ  "-  "-ZZZZZZZ*Z1ZFZMZbZiZ~ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZ&Z-ZBZIZ^ZeZzZZZZZZZZZZZ Z"Z)Z>ZEZZZaZvZ}ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZ%Z:ZAZVZVZX--  "-w $wpZ> --2  air emissionsY9B3Y9NO9eeN;*E;*  "-%*;E77%7=%=AAA%AA>> >%> >Aa A%Aa Aa A%Aa  p d p  "-  "- v }            % : A V ] r y            ! 6 = R Y n u             2 9 N U j q             . 5 J Q f m             * 1 F M b i ~            & - B I ^ ^ d- uru u  "- u! u6 u= uR uY un uu u u u u u u u u u u u u u2 u9 uN uU uj uq u u u u u u u u u u uuu.u5uJuQufumuru--  "-X $Xu "-- --2  Incinerator?eY8eYCX9eB *2 nCE = Control Efficiency{3q2ee8Ce83{?B9Y8YeY_  2 V8e   "-  "-4;PWls07LSho,3HOdk--  "-5i $i55 "--v F  --2  Vent Hood{Yd93eee   "-  "-Q1b--  "-P $PP$M$k$M "-%M$k$$kk$k%k$k<N $N<k< --!2 DF2= Coating Inputoeq3eY89ec2?eee8 '2 t x1= % HAP by mass32geq33r22e_32YNO  2 V7e  "-- -`U)) "-%)- $)! -- 2  UOSq 2 WBoundaryeeeeXC_  2 !/UOSq 2 oBoundaryeeeeXC_ I2 \,Total Emissions = V4 + V8 = V4 + (V7)(1-CE)me8Y92{8OO8eeO3q2e3q2e2q32e2q3BeBCeC{C Courier4- WPC':%(:%(9!:%(0ƚ8 O\ ^O ( #:%(  "-- $"_9fTimes New Roman-  "--2  WasteD<,C 2 System BoundaryUH<,Du&fNMMMD3H   "--4%"S S$S  "-% S$S-o$ $$o$S$6 --2 C"Cleanedf+DDMDM 2 ?C"ProductU3MMMD+   "--r;; "-%;-x $xx --=2 ({$physically connected unit operationsMMI<+DD++I&DMNMDD+DM&NM++'MMD3D++NM<8;88;   "-  "-8A8H8]8d8y88888888888 8!8(8=8D8Y8`8u8|888888888888$898@8U8\8q8x888888888888 858<8Q8X8m8t888888888--  "-T $T8 --2  air emissionsD,2'Du+=<+MM=~ ~  "-%~ - $ LTimes New Roman%- --O2 10Figure III-1. 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"   "-  "-" " " " " " /" 6" K" R" g" n" " " " " " " " " " " " " +" 2" G" N" c" j" " " " " " " " " " "  " " '" ." C" J" _" f" {" " " " " " " " " " " " #" *" ?" F" [" b" w" ~" " " " " " " " " "  " " &" ;" B" W" ^" s" z" " " " " " " " " " " " "" 7" >" S" Z" o" v" " " " " " " " " " " " " 3" :" O" V" k" r" " " " " " " " " " " " " /" 6" K" R" g" n" " " " " " " " " " " " " +" 2" G" N" c" j" " " " " " " " " " "  " " '" '" ." "-  "- $ " F> .  "-  "-,3HOdk (/DK`g|$+@G\cx  '<CX_t{#8?T[pw4;PWls07LSho,3HOdk (/DK`g|$+.-  "-j $jFDBD  "-  "-JQfm*1FMbi~ &-BI^ez ")>EZav} %:AB-  "- $Za!a  "-  "-gn+2GNcj '.CJ_f{#*?F[bw~ !-  "- $9    "-%  !%!3=! $=!3!=!*** "-%**'e'%'e "-: $:e  % b  $b jb  *> * *%* *> L *L L *%*L L h  $h L / _Times New Roman4- --"2 ZF1= solution inputYQZ)?Q-Q--QQ(.PQQ- !2 x1= % HAP by massSQZ((ssY(QL({G?? 2 w! SolutionXQ.P.-QQ 2 > StorageY-Q5GNG 2 c Cleaning ork-GGQ-QN(Q5 !2 :Pretreatment TankY5G.5GG-{GQ-)VGQP 2  Cleaned ork-GGQGQ(Q5 "2 )Pretreated SurfaceY5H-5GG.GQ(YQ54GGG 2 Dryings5L-QN  2 OvensPHP 72 q L3= rinse water()(()()(()()(()()]Q[(5.Q?G(sG-G6 !2 y3= % HAP by massLP[((ssY(QL({G?? 2  L1= drain]Q[(Q5G.Q !2 y1= % HAP by massLP[((ssY(QL({G?? 2 mL2= tank sludge^QZ)-GQQ(?-QQNG !2 / my2= % HAP by massLQ[((srY)QL({G??^Times New Roman4- B2 'Figure II-1. Cleaning/Pretreatment UOSa.QZDG(@?5Q()(t.GQZ-[Q-aDG5DGQ5G[5(u~Z_Times New Roman4-  2  V1sQ  2 V3sQ  2 'V2rQ  2 ^V4rQM!  "-%M!-` $``: -- 2 g!UOSssY 2  BoundarykQQPQG6L Z2 E7Emissions = (F1)(x1) - [(L1)(y1) + (L2)(y2) + (L3)(y3)]a{-??-QQ?([(6YP65RQ6(5)55^Q56LP6([(6]Q56LQ5([(6]Q56LQ54 =2 E$ = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4()(()()()(()()(()Z)sP)Z)rQ)Z)rQ)Z(sQ   "-% - $ rGrGGr "-%rGG "-c $cG* --?2 i%physically connected unit operationsQQL?-GG.-L(GQQQGG-GQ)(QQ--)PQG6G--QQ? E2 p)direction of process flow (not physicallyP.5GG.-QP)Q3)Q5QGG??)3-Qs(6QP.(QQL?-GG.-L 2 p connected)(GQQQGG-GQ5LL L   "-  "-LLLLLLLLLLL-L4LILPLeLlLLLLLLLLLLL LL)L0LELLLaLhL}LLLLLLLLLL L L --  "-h $h$L/ --2 i air emissionsG.5(G{.??-QP@   "--&-- Courier4-p WPC'O&n'O&n'9!O&n'XKƚb y] %g n' L%O&n'  "--r#% "- -   P~ #~ ~   "-  "- ~  ~  ~ ' ~ < ~ C ~ X ~ _ ~ t ~ { ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~ !~ !~ !~ #!~ 8!~ ?!~ T!~ [!~ p!~ w!~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ !~ "~ "~ "~ 4"~ ;"~ P"~ W"~ l"~ s"~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ "~ #~ #~ 0#~ 7#~ L#~ S#~ h#~ o#~ #~ #~ #~ "--  "-0#a $a 0#~ # 0##  "-  "-   ' < C X _ t {         !!!#!8!?!T![!p!w!!!!!!!!!!"""4";"P"W"l"s"""""""""""##0#7#L#S#h#o#-  "-(# $(##-(##  "-  "-   ' < C X _ t {         !!!#!8!?!T![!p!w!!!!!!!!!!"""4";"P"W"l"s"""""""""""##0#7#L#S#h#o####-  "-+# $+##+#6Times New Roman0- -- 2 h$ V1e6Times New Roman- g2 @Figure II-2. Coating Mixing and Storage UOS (Primer or Topcoat)y9eqUX3ONCe232eeB9qe29e8qe3eqq2qCeYeeY2q3ByY9YY2eY3ueqYeeBC  "--W!  "-- - \1 \ "-%\1 - $ 1    % F $FFb%b $b6Times New Roman0- --T2  3Emissions = F1 + (F2)(x1) - (L1)(x2) = V1 + V2 + V3{8OO8eeO2q3oe2r2CoeBCgeC2C2CweBCgeC2q3e3q2e3q2e  2 h$V2d  2 h$EV3e 2  Virgin8?c8e 2 X Solventqe8eYe9 2 }Z Storageq8eCYcY 2 CoatingeX99dc 2 Mixing9g8ec 2 uCoatingeY98ec 2 uStorageq8eCYcY  "--<l% T) T "-%T) - $ )  S "-%S "- $S22 "-%2 "-  $ XPX  "-  "-^ez ")>EZav} %:AV]ry!6=RYnu   2 9 N U j q             . 5 J Q f m             * 1 F M b i ~            & - B I ^ e z            " ) > E Z a v }          %:AV]ry!6=RYnu29NUjq.5JQfm*1FMbi~ &-BIP-  "-w $whq p pq p  "-  "-w p~ p p p p p p p p p p p p& p; pB pW p^ ps pz p p p p p p p p p p p p" p7 p> pS pZ po pv p p p p p p p p p p p p-  "- S $S p  0a a0a  "-  "-6a=aRaYanauaaaaaaaaaaaaa2a9aNaUajaqaaaaaaaaaaaaa.a5aJaQafamaaaaaaaaaaaaa*a1aFaMabaia~aaaaaaaaaa a a& a- aB aI a^ ae az a a a a a a a a a a a a" a) a> aE aZ aa av a} a a a a a a a a a a a a% a: aA aV a] ar ay a a a a a a a a a a-  "- D $D a }  -- 2 V4e  2 V5e  2 V6d 2 CoatingeY89ec 2 } Applicationee98YY98ee 2 MFlashoffo9YNee?B  2 gOveneYeh3h  "-%h3- $3hhh%hh --!2 L2= coating wasteweq3YeY89ec2YO9X !2 x3= % HAP by massgeq33q2e_3YON6Times New Roman- E2 )Figure II-3. Coating Application/Drying y8eqUY2OOCe232eeC8re2qr89XeC9eq8Xe9qe2  2 UOSq $2 b(Primer or Topcoat)CyY8YX3eY2ueqYeeCB6Times New Roman0- !2  F1= Solvent Inputoeq3qe8eYe92?eee87  "-%7- $7 --32 L L1= Coating to Process3232323weq2eY98ec38e3qBeYYOO $2 Ex2= % HAP by massgeq33r23d_32YNO E2 @)Emissions = (F2)(x2) - (L2)(x3) = V4 + V7|9NO9eeN3q2CoeCBgeC2C3BweCCgdC3q2d3q3e!X!:!X  "-%X!:!-  $ X!!q!q%q!x $xq -- 2 1D"UOSq 2 +!BoundaryeeeeYB_ !2 1F2= Coating Inputpeq2eY98ec3>eee9 !2 y1x2= % HAP by massger22q2e_3YOO  "--R X "-%X- $X  L  "-% L  "-* $*L  --=2 $physically connected unit operationsee_O8YY98_3XeeeYY9Xe3ee892eeYCY89eeN F2 y*direction of process flow (not physically e9BYY98ee3eB3eBeYYON3C8e3Cde92ee_O9XY98_3 2 r connected)YeeeYY8YeC   "--U&h'ZZXZ  "-  "-ZZZZZZZ*Z1ZFZMZbZiZ~ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZ&Z-ZBZIZ^ZeZzZZZZZZZZZZZ Z"Z)Z>ZEZZZaZvZ}ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZ%Z:ZAZVZVZX--  "-w $wpZ> --2  air emissionsY9B3Y9NO9eeN;*E;*  "-%*;E77%7=%=AAA%AA>> >%> >Aa A%Aa Aa A%Aa  p d p  "-  "- v }            % : A V ] r y            ! 6 = R Y n u             2 9 N U j q             . 5 J Q f m             * 1 F M b i ~            & - B I ^ ^ d- uru u  "- u! u6 u= uR uY un uu u u u u u u u u u u u u u2 u9 uN uU uj uq u u u u u u u u u u uuu.u5uJuQufumuru--  "-X $Xu "-- --2  Incinerator?eY8eYCX9eB *2 nCE = Control Efficiency{3q2ee8Ce83{?B9Y8YeY_  2 V8e   "-  "-4;PWls07LSho,3HOdk--  "-5i $i55 "--v F  --2  Vent Hood{Yd93eee   "-  "-Q1b--  "-P $PP$M$k$M "-%M$k$$kk$k%k$k<N $N<k< --!2 DF2= Coating Inputoeq3eY89ec2?eee8 '2 t x1= % HAP by mass32geq33r22e_32YNO  2 V7e  "-- -`U)) "-%)- $)! -- 2  UOSq 2 WBoundaryeeeeXC_  2 !/UOSq 2 oBoundaryeeeeXC_ I2 \,Total Emissions = V4 + V8 = V4 + (V7)(1-CE)me8Y92{8OO8eeO3q2e3q2e2q32e2q3BeBCeC{C Courier4-(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular l  $    1    ݛTheworkshopcoveredeightcategories:fabricprinting,coatinganddyeing;large  appliances;metalcan;metalcoil;metalfurniture;miscellaneousmetalparts;plasticparts;andwoodbuildingproducts.Theautomobileandlightdutytruckprojectwasstartedsubsequently. i  $    2    ݀DetailedinformationuX8XXXconcerningtheconversionfromSICtoNAICScodescanbe  obtainedfromtheU.S.CensusBureau.SeetheU.S.CensusBureausInternetsiteathttp://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html#vX XX X8Y#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular S  $    3    ݀xX8XXX"StandardizedAccountingforaFormalEnvironmentalManagementandAuditing  System,"Chapter20inWasteMinimizationThroughProcessDesign,A.P.Rossiter,ed.,McGrawHill,Inc.1995.#yX XX X8D#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular   $    4    ݀TheEPAsOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandardshasissuedareportonCTG  requirementsthatareaboveVOCRACTentitled"BeyondVOCRACTCTGRequirements"(EPA453/R95010). 9  $    5    ݛCompilationofAirPollutantEmissionFactors,Volume1:StationaryPointandArea  Sources,FifthEdition,AP42.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina.Section12.19.January1995. !  $    6    ݛ}X8XXXFactorInformationRetrievalSystem,Version5.1B.U.S.EnvironmentalProtection  Agency.ResearchTrianglePark,NC.December1996.#~X XX X8E#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular J  $    7    ݀X8XXXChattanoogaHamiltonCounty(Tennessee)AirPollutionControlBureau,Village  Smith,L.P.FacilityEngineeringReport;SharonH.Dingman,EngineeringDepartment;June15,1997.#X XX X8D#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular   $    8    ݛX8XXXTheEPA'sOfficeofResearchandDevelopmenthasissuedareportonlowemitting  adhesivesthatarebeingusedbythepressuresensitivetapeindustry.Thereport,"SolventBasedtoWaterbasedAdhesiveCoatedSubstrateRetrofit,VolumeIIV"(EPA600/R95011x),includesinformationonfacilitiesthathaveconvertedtowaterborneadhesivesandadiscussionoftheequipmentrequiredtoretrofitacoatinglinetousewaterborneadhesives.Althoughthe t " reportfocusesonwaterborneadhesives,theinformationonretrofittingacoatinglinetousewaterbornecoatingsisapplicabletoalltypesofcoatings.#X XX X8E#(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularTABLE BC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPTLLLLLL@LB@L0@LF@L@LV@LC@LE@Lƣ@LJ@L*@L9@Lܣ@L@P@L9@LC@LLn@L@W@LC@TABLE ALfh 9  $    5    ݛCompilationofAirPollutantEmissionFactors,Volume1:StationaryPointandArea  Sources,FifthEdition,AP42.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina.Section12.19.January1995.jTABLE ATABLE ATABLE E J  $    7    ݀ X=XXXChattanoogaHamiltonCounty(Tennessee)AirPollutionControlBureau,Village  Smith,L.P.FacilityEngineeringReport;SharonH.Dingman,EngineeringDepartment;June15,1997.#X̜XX X=D#   $    8    ݛ X=XXXTheEPA'sOfficeofResearchandDevelopmenthasissuedareportonlowemitting  adhesivesthatarebeingusedbythepressuresensitivetapeindustry.Thereport,"SolventBasedtoWaterbasedAdhesiveCoatedSubstrateRetrofit,VolumeIIV"(EPA600/R95011x),includesinformationonfacilitiesthathaveconvertedtowaterborneadhesivesandadiscussionoftheequipmentrequiredtoretrofitacoatinglinetousewaterborneadhesives.Althoughthe t  reportfocusesonwaterborneadhesives,theinformationonretrofittingacoatinglinetousewaterbornecoatingsisapplicabletoalltypesofcoatings.#X̜XX X=E#I- II- TABLE BTABLE C \TABLE DTABLE FWPC'&&9!&+ƚL \ Z  %&   "--/ "-# / "-  = Dj !D/   "-% -n $nnFF'F "-%F'F "-b $b'F)ZZ%ZL $LL" ." "   "-  "-" " " " " " /" 6" K" R" g" n" " " " " " " " " " " " " +" 2" G" N" c" j" " " " " " " " " " "  " " '" ." C" J" _" f" {" " " " " " " " " " " " #" *" ?" F" [" b" w" ~" " " " " " " " " "  " " &" ;" B" W" ^" s" z" " " " " " " " " " " " "" 7" >" S" Z" o" v" " " " " " " " " " " " " 3" :" O" V" k" r" " " " " " " " " " " " " /" 6" K" R" g" n" " " " " " " " " " " " " +" 2" G" N" c" j" " " " " " " " " " "  " " '" '" ." "-  "- $ " F> .  "-  "-,3HOdk (/DK`g|$+@G\cx  '<CX_t{#8?T[pw4;PWls07LSho,3HOdk (/DK`g|$+.-  "-j $jFDBD  "-  "-JQfm*1FMbi~ &-BI^ez ")>EZav} %:AB-  "- $Za!a  "-  "-gn+2GNcj '.CJ_f{#*?F[bw~ !-  "- $9    "-%  !%!3=! $=!3!=!*** "-%**'e'%'e "-: $:e  % b  $b jb  *> * *%* *> L *L L *%*L L h  $h L / _Times New Roman4- --"2 ZF1= solution inputYQZ)?Q-Q--QQ(.PQQ- !2 x1= % HAP by massSQZ((ssY(QL({G?? 2 w! SolutionXQ.P.-QQ 2 > StorageY-Q5GNG 2 c Cleaning ork-GGQ-QN(Q5 !2 :Pretreatment TankY5G.5GG-{GQ-)VGQP 2  Cleaned ork-GGQGQ(Q5 "2 )Pretreated SurfaceY5H-5GG.GQ(YQ54GGG 2 Dryings5L-QN  2 OvensPHP 72 q L3= rinse water()(()()(()()(()()]Q[(5.Q?G(sG-G6 !2 y3= % HAP by massLP[((ssY(QL({G?? 2  L1= drain]Q[(Q5G.Q !2 y1= % HAP by massLP[((ssY(QL({G?? 2 mL2= tank sludge^QZ)-GQQ(?-QQNG !2 / my2= % HAP by massLQ[((srY)QL({G??^Times New Roman4- B2 'Figure II-1. Cleaning/Pretreatment UOSa.QZDG(@?5Q()(t.GQZ-[Q-aDG5DGQ5G[5(u~Z_Times New Roman4-  2  V1sQ  2 V3sQ  2 'V2rQ  2 ^V4rQM!  "-%M!-` $``: -- 2 g!UOSssY 2  BoundarykQQPQG6L Z2 E7Emissions = (F1)(x1) - [(L1)(y1) + (L2)(y2) + (L3)(y3)]a{-??-QQ?([(6YP65RQ6(5)55^Q56LP6([(6]Q56LQ5([(6]Q56LQ54 =2 E$ = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4()(()()()(()()(()Z)sP)Z)rQ)Z)rQ)Z(sQ   "-% - $ rGrGGr "-%rGG "-c $cG* --?2 i%physically connected unit operationsQQL?-GG.-L(GQQQGG-GQ)(QQ--)PQG6G--QQ? E2 p)direction of process flow (not physicallyP.5GG.-QP)Q3)Q5QGG??)3-Qs(6QP.(QQL?-GG.-L 2 p connected)(GQQQGG-GQ5LL L   "-  "-LLLLLLLLLLL-L4LILPLeLlLLLLLLLLLLL LL)L0LELLLaLhL}LLLLLLLLLL L L --  "-h $h$L/ --2 i air emissionsG.5(G{.??-QP@   "--&-- Courier4-III-    $    4    ݀TheEPAsOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandardshasissuedareportonCTG  requirementsthatareaboveVOCRACTentitled"BeyondVOCRACTCTGRequirements"(EPA453/R95010). !    o o  o o   XXPRELIMINARYINDUSTRY ` CHARACTERIZATION:M@SURFACECOATINGOFMETALFURNITURE#XT'XY#Ԉ  < ̜ @==( 'XXT' DRAFT   #XT'X'W#ԛ @ CoatingsandConsumerProductsGroup@ EmissionStandardsDivision(MD13)@ OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards@bb# August  September 1998  +@'%    7̜XXdXXd7PreliminaryIndustryCharacterization:  SurfaceCoatingofMetalFurniture     p p  @  "TableofContentsI.  OverviewofInitialPhaseandNextStepsforMACTDevelopment@"@"H(#.LI1 `    II.  SummaryofInitialPhaseofMACTDevelopment!!G(#.;o o II1   0    o o  @     ` Background!!G(#.0 0 o o II1  0       `   Background   Definitions  !!G(#. II1 o o   p     ` SummaryofInformationGathering!!G(#.~~4II1 `     `  InformationRequestedfromStates!!G(#.:II2 P     `  InitialIndustrySurveys!!G(#.1II2 @     `  SiteVisits!!G(#.$II6 0     ` RoundtableMeetings!!F(#.'II10      ` DataAnalysis!!F(#. !II11     ` DataLimitations!!F(#.$II11  III.  SurfaceCoatingofMetalFurniture!!F(#.  1III1     ` SummaryofExistingFederalandStateRequirements!!F(#.44FIII1  0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#ApplicabilityoftheNSPS#!!F(#.2 (# (##III1 p 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#Performance/ControlRequirementsoftheNSPS#!!F(#.E (# (##III1 ` 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#ApplicabilityoftheCTG#!!F(#.1 (# (##III1 P 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#Performance/ControlRequirementsoftheCTG#!!F(#.D (# (##III1 @ 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#StateRegulations#!!F(#.66* (# (##III2 0    ` IndustryProfile!!F(#.LL$III2  p    ` Applicability!!F(#. !III34 `    ` FacilityOperationsandCurrentIndustryPractices!!F(#.FIII4 P 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#RawMaterialPreparation#!!F(#.1 (# (##III45 @ 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#CleaningOperationsPriortoCoatingApplication#!!F(#.FFI (# (##III5 0 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#CoatingMixingandStorage#!!F(#.3 (# (##III7   0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#ElectrolyticPlating#!!F(#.- (# (##III8 ! 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#CoatingApplicationandCuringSystems#!!F(#.? (# (##III8 "  0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#Adhesives#X!X!E(#." (# (##III134 #! 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#RoutineCleaning#X!X!E(#.66) (# (##III14 $" 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#WastewaterTreatmentandHandling#X!X!E(#.66: (# (##III14 % # IV.  EmissionReductionTechniques!!G(#.$$,IV1 `'"%    ` CleaningOperationsPriortoCoatingApplication!!G(#.DIV1 P(#&    ` CoatingApplicationandCuringSystems!!G(#.:::IV2 @)$'   Resources!!G(#.< < IV3 @  0*%( V.  SummaryofComments!!H(#."V1 ,`'* Ї@#ListofTables!!G(#Page  TableII1 ` Top12StatesbyNumberofFacilitiesintheMetalFurniture p    ` ManufacturingSICCodes1995TRISData!!G(#.VV<II3 `  TableII2 ` Top10StatesbyNumberofFacilitiesintheMetalFurniture P     ` ManufacturingSICCodesAmericanBusinessIndexData!!G(#.JII4 @  TableII3 ` SummaryofDataContributedtotheEPAfromStates!!G(#.@@FII5 0  TableII4 ` MetalFurnitureSiteVisits!!G(#./II7  p  @#ListofFigures!!G(#Page  FigureII1 ` Cleaning/PretreatmentUOS!!G(#.((-II8  FigureII2 ` CoatingMixingandStorageUOS(PrimerorTopcoat)!!G(#.ppFII9  FigureII3 ` CoatingApplication/DryingUOS(PrimerorTopcoat)!!G(#.ZZFII9  FigureIII1 ` UOSforCleaningPriortoCoating!!F(#.JJ5III6  FigureIII2 ` NumberofCoatingLinesbyCoatingTypeandApplicationMethod!!F(#.RIII9 p FigureIII3 ` PowderCoatingApplicationUOS(WithRecycle)X!X!E(#.  AIII11 ` FigureIII4 ` PowderCoatingApplicationUOS(WithoutRecycle)X!X!E(#.  DIII12 P  X=XXX̜#X̜XX X=l#@!ListofAppendices X !!G(#Page 8 AppendixA ` Definitions!!H(#. A1 ( AppendixB ` ListofStakeholders!!H(#.(B1   AppendixC ` StateRegulationSummary!!H(#.,C1 ! AppendixD ` ApplicableMetalFurnitureProductGroups!!H(#.=D1 "    XX̜     #! #X̜X̴#I.OVERVIEWOFINITIALPHASEANDNEXTSTEPSFORMACTDEVELOPMENTXX̜  #X̜X̡#   UnderSection112(d)oftheCleanAirAct(theAct),theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)isdevelopingnationalemissionstandardsforhazardousairpollutants(NESHAP)forthemetalfurnituresurfacecoatingsourcecategory.TheEPAisrequiredtopublishfinalemissionstandardsforthemetalfurnituresourcecategorybyNovember15,2000.Forthiscategory,nationalvolatileorganiccompound(VOC)rulesorcontroltechniquesguidelinesunderSection183(e)arebeingdevelopedonasimilarschedule.  TheActrequiresthattheemissionstandardsfornewsourcesbenolessstringentthantheemissioncontrolachievedinpracticebythebestcontrolledsimilarsource.Forexistingsources,theemissioncontrolcanbelessstringentthantheemissioncontrolfornewsources,butitmustbenolessstringentthantheaverageemissionlimitationachievedbybestperforming12percentofexistingsources(forwhichtheEPAhasemissionsinformation).Incategoriesorsubcategorieswithfewerthan30sources,emissioncontrolforexistingsourcesmustbenolessstringentthantheaverageemissionlimitationacheivedachievebythebestperforming5sources.TheNESHAParecommonlyknownasmaximumachievablecontroltechnology(MACT)standards.  TheMACTstandardsdevelopmentforthemetalfurnitureindustrybeganwithaCoatingRegulationsWorkshopforrepresentativesofEPAandinterestedstakeholdersinApril1997andcontinuesasacoordinatedefforttopromoteconsistencyandjointresolutionofissuescommonacrossninecoatingsourcecategories.q q q sq  #  1      ׀o o DuringtTheiso o firstphaseo o wasoneinwhichEPAo o o o gathers  edo o readilyavailable ` informationabouttheindustrywiththehelpofrepresentativesfromtheregulatedindustry,Stateandlocalairpollutionagencies,smallbusinessassistanceproviders,andenvironmentalgroups.Thegoalsofthefirstphaseweretoeitherfullyorpartially:2  2'"0    Understandthecoatingprocess2''݌`(#(# Ќ  2  2("0    Identifytypicalemissionpointsandtherelativeemissionsfromeach2((݌P(#(# Ќ  2  2X)"0    Identifytherange(s)ofemissionreductiontechniquesandtheireffectiveness2X)s)݌@(#(# Ќ  2  22*"0    Makeaninitialdeterminationonthescopeofeachcategory22*M*݌0(#(# Ќ  2  2*"0    Determinetherelationshipsandoverlapsofthecategories2*+݌ (#(# Ќ  2  2+"0    Locateasmanyfacilitiesaspossible,particularlymajorsources2++݌!(#(# Ќ  2  2,"0    Identifyandinvolverepresentativesforeachindustrysegment2,,݌" (#(# Ќ  2  2V-"0    Completeinformationalsitevisits2V-q-݌#!(#(# Ќ  2  2."0    Identifyissuesanddataneedsanddevelopplanforaddressingthem2..݌$"(#(# Ќ  2  2."0    Developquestionnaire(s)foradditionaldatagatheringand2..݌% #(#(# Ќ  2  2/"0    Documentresultsofthefirstphaseofregulatorydevelopmentforeachcategory.2//݌p&!$(#(# Ќ   `'"%   TheindustrymembersthatparticipatedinthestakeholderprocessweremembersofboththeAmericanFurnitureManufacturersAssociation(AMFMA)andtheBusinessandInstitutionalFurnitureManufacturersAssociation(BIFMA),aswellasindependentindustryrepresentatives.TheStatesthatparticipatedintheprocesswereAlabama,California,Florida,Georgia,Illinois,Indiana,Kansas,Pennsylvania,andTennessee.TheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict(AQMD)(California),BayAreaAQMD(California),VenturaCountyAirPollutionControlDistrict(APCD)(California),SanJoaquinValleyUnifiedAPCD(California),PlacerCountyAPCD(California),SacramentoAPCD(California),MojaveDesertAntelopeValleyAQMD(California),andtheChattanooga/HamiltonCountyAirPollutionControlBureau(Tennessee)alsoparticipated.TheU.S.EPAwasrepresentedbytheOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards(EPA/OAQPS);theOfficeofPrevention,Pesticides,andToxicSubstances(EPA/OPPTS);theOfficeofEnforcementandComplianceAssurance(EPA/OECA);andtheOfficeofSmallandDisadvantagedBusinessUtilization(OSDBU).AppendixAcontainsalistofstakeholderswhohaveparticipatedintheinitialphaseoftheruledevelopmentproject.  TheinformationsummarizedinthisdocumentcanbeusedbyStatesthatmayhavetomakecasebycaseMACTdeterminationsunderSections112(g)or112(j)oftheAct.Theinitialphaseoftheregulatorydevelopmentfocusedprimarilyonmetalfurniturecleaningoperationspriortocoatingapplicationandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystems.Thismemorandumrepresentstheconclusionofthatphaseofruledevelopment.  Thisdocumentincludesadescriptionoftheemissioncontroltechnologies  u EPAu identifiedv bytheEPAv  thatarecurrentlyusedinpracticebytheindustryandthatcouldserveasthebasisofMACT.  y x hx y z Hz x owever,onlylimiteddatawerecollectedx { W{ | w| ithin  theshorttimeframeintendedforthisinitial  phase} ,} w however,onlylimiteddatawerecollectedw .  TheinformationsummarizedinthismemorandumwascollectedpriortoAugust1,1998.Additionalinformationwillbecollectedandconsideredbeforethesurfacecoatingofmetalfurniturestandardsarepromulgated.  Duringthenextphase,EPAwillcontinuetobuildontheknowledgegainedtodateandproceedwithmorefocusedinvestigationanddataanalyses.Wewillalsocontinueoureffortstocoordinatecrosscuttingissues.Wewillcontinuetoidentifytechnicalandpolicyissuesthatneedtobeaddressedintherulemakingandenlistthehelpofthestakeholdersinresolvingthoseissues.  QuestionsorcommentsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtoDr.MohamedSerageldin(EPA/OAQPS)at9195412379oratserageldin.mohamed@epamail.epa.gov.  p&!$  II.  SUMMARYOFINITIALPHASEOFMACTDEVELOPMENT    Background     Section112oftheCleanAirAct(CAA)mandatesthattheEPApromulgatenational p emissionstandardsforhazardousairpollutantsonastrictschedule.TheCAAmandatesthatthestandardsforeachsourcecategoryrequiresourcestoimplementMACTtoreduceemissionsofHAP.  TheMACTstandardfortheSurfaceCoatingofMetalFurnituresourcecategoryisscheduledforpromulgationbyNovember2000.IftheEPAfailstomeetthisdeadlinebymorethan18months,Section112(j)oftheCAAincludesa"hammer"provisionrequiringthatoperatingpermitsformajorsourcescontainHAPemissionlimitationsdeterminedtobeequivalenttoMACT.Theequivalencydeterminationsaretobemadeonacasebycasebasisforindividualsources.  Section112(g)requirescasebycaseMACTdeterminationsforsourceswherenoapplicableemissionlimitationshavebeenestablished.Thefinal112(g)regulationgoverningcasebycaseMACTdeterminationsforconstructedorreconstructedsourceswaspublishedintheFederalRegisteronDecember27,1996(61FR68384).Thisregulationrequirescase-by-caseMACTfornewandreconstructedmajorsourcestobeconsistentwith"newsourceMACT"(i.e.,nolessstringentthantheemissioncontrolthatisachievedinpracticebythebestcontrolledsimilarsource).o o       Definitions     0   Definitionsofr orcomm   a   ontermsusedinthisdocumentareincludedin  attachmentXX   AppendixA  . o o SummaryofInformationGathering @    PreliminaryinformationonsourcesofHAPandVOCinthemetalfurniture   manufacturingindustrywascompiledthroughinformationrequestedfromStates,Section114questionnaires,sitevisitstofacilitiesthatproducemetalfurniture,andareviewofrelatedFederalandStateregulations.    InordertobeginthetaskofcharacterizingtheindustryandtoprovideabasisfromwhichdatacouldberequestedfromStates,alistofproductsrelevanttothemetalfurnitureindustrywasdeveloped.Afteralistofrelevantproductswasdeveloped,theircorrespondingStandardIndustrialClassification(SIC)codesandNorthAmericanIndustryClassificationSystem(NAICS)codeswereidentifiedandusedtosimplifydatagathering.TheSICandNAICScodesweredividedintotwogroups:metalfurnituremanufacturingcodesthatdealtalmostexclusivelywithmetalfurnitureproducts,andSICcodesrelatedtometalfurniturethatonlypartiallyencompassedmetalfurnitureproducts.AppendixD,TableD1liststhemetalfurnitureproducts ,`'* groupsandmanufacturingSICcodes.TheSICcodesrelatedtometalfurnitureandtheirassociatedrelevantproductsarelistedinAppendixD,TableD2.AppendixD,TableD3liststhemetalfurnitureproductdescriptionsandmanufacturingSICcodesandtheSICcodesrelatedtometalfurnituremanufacturingandtheircorrespondingNAICScodes.q (q q tq  #  2          InformationRequestedfromStates  `    AninventoryoftheStateswiththegreatestnumberofmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilitieswasgeneratedthroughtheToxicReleaseInventorySystem(TRIS)andtheAmericanBusinessIndexDatabase.EachofthesesourceswassearchedbySICcode.OnlythemetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodeslistedinAppendixD,TableD1wereusedforthesearchduetothedifficultyindeterminingwhichfacilitiesintheSICcodesrelatedtometalfurnituremanufacturingproduceproductsapplicabletothemetalfurnituresourcecategory.TablesII1andII2listtheStateswiththegreatestnumberofmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilitiesasdeterminedfromtheTRISandAmericanBusinessIndexdatabases,respectively.TheairpollutioncontrolagenciesineachofthesestatesreceivedarequestforavailableinformationonfacilitieswithinboththemetalfurnitureandrelatedSICcodes.Copiesofstateemissionsinventories,facilityTitleVpermitapplications,ReasonablyAvailableControlTechnology(RACT)information,BestAvailableControlTechnology(BACT)information,andLowestAchievableEmissionRate(LAER)informationwererequested.StatesthatprovidedinformationtotheEPAandasummaryofthetypeofinformationcontributedaredetailedinTableII3.  InitialIndustrySurveys P   EightcompanieswereselectedtoreceivetheinitialquestionnairesinJune1997,under 0 theauthorityofSection114oftheCAAforthepurposeofcompilingdetailedinformationonquantitiesofHAPandVOCemissionsandthestatusofcurrentemissioncontroltechniques.Thequestionnairerequestedinformationaboutthegeneralfacility,unitoperations(includingdescription,flowdiagrams,coatingspecifications,typeofpartsandsubstratematerialcoated,andwastehandlingprocedures),controlmeasuresandapplicableregulations,andcollocatedsources.o o -   Asameansofidentifyingandquantifyingthepossiblesourcesofpollution,informationwascollectedonthebasisoftheUnitOperationSystem(UOS).o q *hq q whq o o -ho  #  3      ׀Aplant(orfacility)is- =  #! = ?  X=XXX̜ & &X X=   @@44TABLEII1.TOP12STATESBYNUMBEROFFACILITIESINTHEMETALFURNITURE  MANUFACTURINGSICCODES1995TRISDATAa  (T    ` *w,"e ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,dd ,dd +  &  . &State = *B "  =NumberofFacilities 9 *B "  9Pennsylvania# X=X & &T# & &X X= ] J "   0@160@]16# X=X & &V# & &X X= Y J?  "  0@16 0@  YMichigan# X=X & &RW# & &X X= ] J f "   ,@14,@]14 Y J? f "  ,@14 ,@  YTennessee ] J  "   $@10$@]10 Y J?  "  $@10 $@  YCalifornia \ I: "   "@9"@\9 X I>: "  "@9 "@  XWisconsin \ IT "   "@9"@\9 X I>T "  "@9 "@  XIndiana \ I "    @8 @\8 X I> "   @8  @  XAlabama \ I(x"   @7@\7 X I>(x"  @7 @  XKansas \ I"   @7@\7 X I>"  @7 @  XNewYork \ IL"   @7@\7 X I>L"  @7 @  XMississippi \ If"   @6@\6 X I>f"  @6 @  XNorthCarolina \ I "   @6@\6 Z I> "  @6 @  ZOhio \ I:"   @6@\6NDB:"  @6 @  N   `    # X=X & &W# & &X X=aInformationderivedfrom1995ToxicReleaseInventorySystem(TRIS)data.# X=X & &`# & &X X= <! #&& & &S##X̜X&&a#  "  X=XXX̜ & &X X=   @@44TABLEII2 . TOP10STATESBYNUMBEROFFACILITIESINTHEMETALFURNITURE  MANUFACTURINGSICCODESAMERICANBUSINESSINDEXDATAa  a*ff"g d  ddd dd ,"e(#(#f,dd",dd"+   2 @@  State + F   +@@. NumberofFacilities ' F   ' California# X=X & &a# & &X X= L 9   @z@420@z@L 420# X=X & &[d# & &X X= H 97   @z@420 @z@  H Michigan# X=X & &d# & &X X= L 9 j   `r@294`r@L 294# X=X & &e# & &X X= H 97 j  `r@294 `r@  H NewYork# X=X & &!f# & &X X= L 9    p@269p@L 269# X=X & &f# & &X X= H 97   p@269 p@  H Florida# X=X & &Pg# & &X X= L 9>   p@256p@L 256# X=X & &g# & &X X= H 97>  p@256 p@  H Illinois# X=X & &~h# & &X X= L 9X   `m@235`m@L 235# X=X & &i# & &X X= H 97X  `m@235 `m@  H Indiana# X=X & &i# & &X X= L 9   g@191g@L 191# X=X & &Dj# & &X X= H 97  g@191 g@  H # X=X & &j# & &X X=Texas L 9,|  g@189g@L 189# X=X & &kk# & &X X= H 97,| g@189 g@  H Missouri# X=X & &l# & &X X= L 9   d@161 d@L 161# X=X & &l# & &X X= H 97  d@161  d@  H Ohio @ # X=X & &6m# & &X X= L 9P  @c@154@c@L 154# X=X & &m# & &X X= J 97P @c@154 @c@  J Pennsylvania# X=X & &mn# & &X X= L 9j  `b@147`b@L 147# X=X & & o# & &X X= G=;j `b@147 `b@  G # X=X & &o# & &X X=aInformationderivedfromAmericanBusinessIndexDatabase;AmericanBusinessInformation l Incorporated;Omaha,Nebraska.#&& & &a##X̜X&&3p#  B  X=XXX̜ & &X X= @ TABLEII3 . SUMMARYOFDATACONTRIBUTEDTOTHEEPAFROMSTATES   #&& & &Aq##X̜X&&`q#*fh"id  ddd"dd"f"g(#(#f," dd",dd"+  &  z &&&XX̜@@ State/LocalAgency = *."  =DataContributed#X̜X&&s# 9 *."  9&&XX̜AlabamaDEM = *L  =Listingofmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities 9 *& v  9BayAreaAQMD(California) = *   =EmissioninventorylistingandRegulation8,Rule14:SurfaceCoatingofLargeAppliancesandMetalFurniture#X̜X&&s# 9 *H    9&&XX̜ & &&&SouthCoastAQMD(California) = *    =AQMDRule1107CoatingofMetalPartsandProducts,andAQMDBACTformetalfurniture 9 *   9VenturaCountyAPCD(California) = *F   =Facilitypermits 9 *F   9CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard = *`   =ARBDatabaseofsurfacecoatingfacilities 9 *`   9IllinoisEPA = *  =TitleVpermitapplicationsforthreefacilities;InitialCAAPPpermitsforthreefacilities,facilitylistofmetalfurnituremanufacturers 9 *v  9Indiana = *0  =AirsFacilitySubsystemQuickLookReport,FacilityemissionsdatabySCCcode,andVoluntarilyreporteddataforthe189HAPs 9 *  9Michigan = *F  =SevenTitleVpermitapplicationsandmultipleoperatingpermitapplications 9 *  9MissouriDNR = *6  =Facilityoperatingpermits,emissionsinventories,TitleVpermitapplications 9 * \   9OhioEPA = *v!  =STARDUSTDatabase,OhioBATClearinghouseData,andTitleVpermitapplicationsforthreefacilities 9 *"r$  9TennesseeMetropolitanGovernmentofNashvilleandDavidsonCounties = *8"'  =Constructionpermit,TitleVpermitforonefacility,VOCReport,andConstructionandOperatingPermitforonefacility 9 *8"*  9ChattanoogaHamiltonCountyAPCB(Tennessee) = *x$,  =Engineeringreportsfortwofacilities,MaterialSafetyDataSheetsonpowdercoating 9 *x$.  9Texas = *%2!/  =Chapter115surfacecoatingrulesanddefinitions,databaseandmailinglistforfabricatedmetalproducts ; *'"2  ;WisconsinDNR = *(H$3  =ListingofTitleVandsyntheticminorfacilities#&& & &v##X̜X&&u#/%#(H$4    /? =  )N%4 = - consideredtoconsistofseverallevelsofproductionactivity,consistingofdepartments,which- - - ,   Asameansofidentifyingandquantifyingthepossiblesourcesofpollution,informationwascollectedonthebasisoftheUnitOperationSystem(UOS).J  #  3      ׀Aplant(orfacility)is  consideredtoconsistofseverallevelsofproductionactivity,consistingofdepartments,which, / / / aredividedintoworkareas,whichinturnarecomposedofoneormoreunitoperationsystems.ThetermUOSreferstoaformalizedconceptforperformingamaterialbalance.AUOSistheensembleonwhichthematerialbalanceisperformed.AUOSincludesallpossiblepoints/sourcesthatcouldresultinemissionsofHAPtotheatmosphereasaresultoftheoperationsconsideredwithintheboundaryoftheUOS(seeFiguresII1,II2,andII3).AsillustratedinFigureII3,thetotalmassofHAPmaterialsenteringtheUOSboundaryequalsthemassofHAPmaterialsintheemissionsandinthecoatingwastestream.FacilitiesdonotneedtoestimateemissionsateachoftheUOSoperations(CoatingApplication,Flashoff,andOven)inordertocalculatetotalemissions.Usingthematerialbalanceapproach,totalemissionscanbecalculatediftheHA/ H / p/ H I PI / contentoftheinputcoatingsandexitingwastestreamsareknown.TheJune1997Section114questionnaireusedtheUOSasthebasisforwhichdataweretobereported.    Variousmethodswereusedtoselecttherecipientsofthequestionnaire,withthedesiredresultbeingabroadcrosssectionoftheindustry.FourcompaniesunderSICcode2522(officefurniture,exceptwood)receivedSection114questionnairesasaresultoftheirpositionasleadingmanufacturersofofficefurniture.ThroughdiscussionswiththeNationalAssociationofStoreFixtureManufacturers(NASFM)andtheappearanceofstorefixturemanufacturingcompaniesonaTRISreport,twostorefixturemanufacturingcompanies(SICcode2542)wereidentifiedtoreceivethequestionnaire.AproductsearchwasperformedontheDentalManufacturersofAmerica(DMA)website(http://www.dmanews.org)formanufacturersofdentalandlaboratoryfurniture.Onedentalchairmanufacturer(SICcode3843)andonelaboratoryfurnituremanufacturer(SICcode3821)werechosenfromthecompiledlisttoreceivethequestionnaire.   AdditionalSection114questionnairesweresentinJune1998.Responsesfromsurvey ` recipientsareexpectedbyAugust24,1998.Thefollowingmetalfurnitureindustrysegmentsweresurveyed:/ J J / household,office,andpublicbuildingfurnitureandstorefixtures,partitions,andshelvingmanufacturingcompanies;residentialandcommerciallightingfixturesmanufacturingcompanies;laboratoryanddentalfurnituremanufacturingcompanies;furniturerepairoperationcompanies;metalfurniturepartsandhardwaremanufacturingcompanies;andmiscellaneousmetalfurnitureproductsmanufacturingcompanies.  "    SiteVisits  $"   NineseparatefacilitieswerevisitedbytheEPAduringtheinitialphase,coveringavarietyofrelevantproducts(seeTableII4).Thesefacilitiesrangedfromasmallplantwithlessthan100employeestoamajormanufacturingfacilitywithover1000employees./ o o  @)$' o o >  XFXXX & &X XF   @@44TABLEII1.TOP12STATESBYNUMBEROFFACILITIESINTHEMETALFURNITURE  MANUFACTURINGSICCODES1995TRISDATAa  `    ` *w" ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,dd ,dd +  &  . &State = *B "  =NumberofFacilities 9 *B "  9Pennsylvania# XFX & &`# & &X XF ] J "   0@160@]16# XFX & &wc# & &X XF Y J?  "  0@16 0@  YMichigan# XFX & &d# & &X XF ] J f "   ,@14,@]14 Y J? f "  ,@14 ,@  YTennessee ] J  "   $@10$@]10 Y J?  "  $@10 $@  YCalifornia \ I: "   "@9"@\9 X I>: "  "@9 "@  XWisconsin \ IT "   "@9"@\9 X I>T "  "@9 "@  XIndiana \ I "    @8 @\8 X I> "   @8  @  XAlabama \ I(x"   @7@\7 X I>(x"  @7 @  XKansas \ I"   @7@\7 X I>"  @7 @  XNewYork \ IL"   @7@\7 X I>L"  @7 @  XMississippi \ If"   @6@\6 X I>f"  @6 @  XNorthCarolina \ I "   @6@\6 Z I> "  @6 @  ZOhio \ I:"   @6@\6NDB:"  @6 @  N   `    # XFX & &ػd# & &X XFaInformationderivedfrom1995ToxicReleaseInventorySystem(TRIS)data.# XFX & &Im#&d&XX <! #&d& & &ح`##XX&&dm#  "  XFXXX & &X XF   @@44TABLEII2 . TOP10STATESBYNUMBEROFFACILITIESINTHEMETALFURNITURE  MANUFACTURINGSICCODESAMERICANBUSINESSINDEXDATAa  n*f" d  ddd dd "(#(#f,dd",dd"+   2 @@  State + F   +@@. NumberofFacilities ' F   ' California# XFX & &؊n# & &X XF L 9   @z@420@z@L 420# XFX & &!q# & &X XF H 97   @z@420 @z@  H Michigan# XFX & &ظq# & &X XF L 9 j   `r@294`r@L 294# XFX & &Pr# & &X XF H 97 j  `r@294 `r@  H NewYork# XFX & &r# & &X XF L 9    p@269p@L 269# XFX & &s# & &X XF H 97   p@269 p@  H Florida# XFX & &t# & &X XF L 9>   p@256p@L 256# XFX & &حt# & &X XF H 97>  p@256 p@  H Illinois# XFX & &Du# & &X XF L 9X   `m@235`m@L 235# XFX & &u# & &X XF H 97X  `m@235 `m@  H Indiana# XFX & &sv# & &X XF L 9   g@191g@L 191# XFX & & w# & &X XF H 97  g@191 g@  H # XFX & &ءw# & &X XFTexas L 9,|  g@189g@L 189# XFX & &1x# & &X XF H 97,| g@189 g@  H Missouri# XFX & &x# & &X XF L 9   d@161 d@L 161# XFX & &ey# & &X XF H 97  d@161  d@  H Ohio @ # XFX & &y# & &X XF L 9P  @c@154@c@L 154# XFX & &؜z# & &X XF J 97P @c@154 @c@  J Pennsylvania# XFX & &3{# & &X XF L 9j  `b@147`b@L 147# XFX & &{# & &X XF G=;j `b@147 `b@  G # XFX & &h|#&d&XXaInformationderivedfromAmericanBusinessIndexDatabase;AmericanBusinessInformation l Incorporated;Omaha,Nebraska.#&d& & &kn##XX&&d|#  B  XFXXX&d&XX @ TABLEII3 . SUMMARYOFDATACONTRIBUTEDTOTHEEPAFROMSTATES   #&d& & &~##XX&&d&~#*f"d  ddd"dd""(#(#f," dd",dd"+  &  z &&d&XX@@ State/LocalAgency = *."  =DataContributed#XX&&d# 9 *."  9&d&XXAlabamaDEM = *L  =Listingofmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities 9 *& v  9BayAreaAQMD(California) = *   =EmissioninventorylistingandRegulation8,Rule14:SurfaceCoatingofLargeAppliancesandMetalFurniture#XX&&d嶀# 9 *H    9&d&XX & &&&dSouthCoastAQMD(California) = *    =AQMDRule1107CoatingofMetalPartsandProducts,andAQMDBACTformetalfurniture 9 *   9VenturaCountyAPCD(California) = *F   =Facilitypermits 9 *F   9CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard = *`   =ARBDatabaseofsurfacecoatingfacilities 9 *`   9IllinoisEPA = *  =TitleVpermitapplicationsforthreefacilities;InitialCAAPPpermitsforthreefacilities,facilitylistofmetalfurnituremanufacturers 9 *v  9Indiana = *0  =AirsFacilitySubsystemQuickLookReport,FacilityemissionsdatabySCCcode,andVoluntarilyreporteddataforthe189HAPs 9 *  9Michigan = *F  =SevenTitleVpermitapplicationsandmultipleoperatingpermitapplications 9 *  9MissouriDNR = *6  =Facilityoperatingpermits,emissionsinventories,TitleVpermitapplications 9 * \   9OhioEPA = *v!  =STARDUSTDatabase,OhioBATClearinghouseData,andTitleVpermitapplicationsforthreefacilities 9 *"r$  9TennesseeMetropolitanGovernmentofNashvilleandDavidsonCounties = *8"'  =Constructionpermit,TitleVpermitforonefacility,VOCReport,andConstructionandOperatingPermitforonefacility 9 *8"*  9ChattanoogaHamiltonCountyAPCB(Tennessee) = *x$,  =Engineeringreportsfortwofacilities,MaterialSafetyDataSheetsonpowdercoating 9 *x$.  9Texas = *%2!/  =Chapter115surfacecoatingrulesanddefinitions,databaseandmailinglistforfabricatedmetalproducts ; *'"2  ;WisconsinDNR = *(H$3  =ListingofTitleVandsyntheticminorfacilities#&d& & &Ȃ##XX&&d婂#/%#(H$4    /> D D B  X=XXX̜@ TABLEII4.METALFURNITURESITEVISITS  #X̜XX X=|#*fjK"kdd" dd"dd"h"i(#(#f, dd ,dd +   x   COMPANYVISITED 2 !,   2@/8PRODUCTSPRODUCED ",  "ӽAmericanSeatingCompanyGrandRapids,Michigan  P  StadiumSeatingandPublicTransportationSeating  `  CharlestonForgeBoone,NorthCarolina     ResidentialFurniture   $  HONIndustriesCedartown,Georgia  8  OfficeFurniture  H  JohnstonCasualsNorthWilkesboro,NorthCarolina    ResidentialFurniture    MetalCreationsHighPoint,NorthCarolina   p ResidentialFurniture  0 Steelcase,IncorporatedGrandRapids,Michigan(TwoFacilities)   OfficeFurniture   RoyalDevelopmentHighPoint,NorthCarolina  H ReclinerMechanisms  X U.S.FurnitureHighPoint,NorthCarolina  l ResidentialFurniture |  B o o   o o . aredividedintoworkareas,whichinturnarecomposedofoneormoreunitoperationsystems.ThetermUOSreferstoaformalizedconceptforperformingamaterialbalance.AUOSistheensembleonwhichthematerialbalanceisperformed.AUOSincludesallpossiblepoints/sourcesthatcouldresultinemissionsofHAPtotheatmosphereasaresultoftheoperationsconsideredwithintheboundaryoftheUOS(seeFiguresII1,II2,andII3). Asillustratedin .   thesef  .  F  igure .   s  .  II3  ,thetotalmassofHAPmaterialsenteringthe  UOSbounda .   ery  .  ry  equalsthemassofHAPmaterialsintheemissionsandinthecoatingwastestream.FacilitiesdonotneedtoestimateemissionsateachoftheUO .  A  . ! Sope! . " ! rtions! " . # rations(CoatingApplication,Flas# . $ # hopff# $ . % hoff,andOven)inordertocalculatetotalemissions.Using% . ( % a% ( . % thematerialbalanceappr% . & % aoch% & . ' oach,totalemissionscanbecalculatediftheHApcontentoftheinputcoatingsandexitingwastestreamsareknown.'   񛀜. ) ) . TheJune1997Section114questionnaireusedtheUOSasthebasisforwhichdataweretobereported.    Variousmethodswereusedtoselecttherecipientsofthequestionnaire,withthedesiredresultbeingabroadcrosssectionoftheindustry.FourcompaniesunderSICcode2522(officefurniture,exceptwood)receivedSection114questionnairesasaresultoftheirpositionasleadingmanufacturersofofficefurniture.ThroughdiscussionswiththeNationalAssociationofStoreFixtureManufacturers(NASFM)andtheappearanceofstorefixturemanufacturingcompaniesonaTRISreport,twostorefixturemanufacturingcompanies(SICcode2542)wereidentifiedtoreceivethequestionnaire.AproductsearchwasperformedontheDentalManufacturersofAmerica(DMA)website(http://www.dmanews.org)formanufacturersofdentalandlaboratoryfurniture.Onedentalchairmanufacturer(SICcode3843)andonelaboratoryfurnituremanufacturer(SICcode3821)werechosenfromthecompiledlisttoreceivethequestionnaire.   AdditionalSection114questionnairesweresentinJune1998.Responsesfromsurvey  p recipientsareexpectedbyAugust24,1998.Thefollowingmetalfurnitureindustrysegmentsweresurveyed:household,office,andpublicbuildingfurnitureandstorefixtures,partitions,andshelvingmanufacturingcompanies;residentialandcommerciallightingfixturesmanufacturingcompanies;laboratoryanddentalfurnituremanufacturingcompanies;furniturerepairoperationcompanies;metalfurniturepartsandhardwaremanufacturingcompanies;andmiscellaneousmetalfurnitureproductsmanufacturingcompanies.  !   SiteVisits  #!   NineseparatefacilitieswerevisitedbytheEPAduringtheinitialphase,coveringavarietyofrelevantproducts(seeTableII4).Thesefacilitiesrangedfromasmallplantwithlessthan100employeestoamajormanufacturingfacilitywithover1000employees.. 0 0 B B D  X=XXX̜TRP'3 Letter Landscape3' '3 Letter Landscape3'Tl/kFm7'#`<   `K E0*0*ee*Vk ..                               X  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D  } D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D } q D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D q o D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D o F D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D F E D l/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  D E D kFo7'#`<  P `b Exx(xx(ee)k (#(#                                           h+&* #X̜XX X=#D E @   @ E o o   Sitevisitstometalfurnituremanufacturingfacilitieswereperformedforthepurposeof  obtaininginformationonthefollowing:  2  2>"0 `   Descriptionoftheplantitselfsize,hoursofoperation,layoutofproductionlines,  typesofunitoperations,typesandmarketpositionoffinishedproducts,andproductionrates;2>Y݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2"0 `   Detaileddescriptionsofthemetalfurnituremanufacturing  operations~ ,~  andthe @  chemicalsused;6 5 2Vq݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  2  2Q"0    5 6 2݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  o o 7 7 7 7 4   2  2y"0 `   Descriptionsofanypollutionpreventiontechniquesemployed,suchas `  modificationstoaunitoperationforsourcereductionoraddoncontroldevicesusedtolimitordestroyHAPemissionsfromtheoperations;and2y݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2"0 `   AvailablecostinformationconcerningHAPemissionreductionstrategiesbeing   employed.2݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    ParticularattentionwasgiventocleaningoperationspriortocoatingapplicationandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsbecausetheywereexpectedtocontributealargepercentageofHAPemissionsfrommetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities.AgeneraldiscussionofcleaningoperationsandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsisprovidedinSectionIII. RoundtableMeetings  @   AninitialkickofftothePMACTphaseoftheprojectwasheldonApril9,1997,attheU.S.EPACoatingRegulationsWorkshopMetalFurniture/LargeApplianceBreakoutSessionheldinDurham,NC.ThismeetingaddressedthestandardsdevelopmentprocessandidentifiedpreliminaryconcernsoftheWorkshopparticipants.Aseriesofongoingroundtablemeetingsfollowed.  ThefirststakeholderroundtablemeetingformetalfurniturewasattendedbyState,EPA,andindustryrepresentativesonMay28,1997,toidentifydatasourcesforthecollectionofinformationabouttheindustry,reviewtheregulatorydevelopmentprocesswithindustryandraiseissuesofconcerntoallparties,coordinateregulatorydevelopmenteffortsandschedulingwithindustryrepresentatives,andtodiscusspotentialdatasourcesandactionitemsforparticipants.  AsummaryoftheinitialquestionnaireresultsandinformationreceivedfromState/localairpollutioncontrolagencies(includingRACT/BACT/LAERinformation,stateemissionsinventories,andTitleVpermitapplications)waspresentedatthesecondroundtablemeetingonJuly31,1997.Adiscussionofthedataandpossibleformatsforthecollectionandevaluationofdatatookplace.Industryrepresentativesalsoexpressedconcernprimarilyovertwoissues: ,`'* 4 8 4 1)thebenefitofusingtheUOSasthebasisofdatagatheringeffortsratherthanmoretraditionalmethodsusedbytheEPAinthepast,and2)thevalidityofanalyzingcoatingemissionsonasurfaceareabasis(oranyotherbasis)ratherthanonacoatingcontentbasisashasbeenusedbytheEPAinthepast.4 8 9 1   1 9 A  XFXXXԛ@ TABLEII4.METALFURNITURESITEVISITS  #XXX XFe#*fK"dd" dd"dd"h"i(#(#f, dd ,dd +   x   COMPANYVISITED 2 !,   2@/8PRODUCTSPRODUCED ",  "AmericanSeatingCompanyGrandRapids,Michigan  P  StadiumSeatingandPublicTransportationSeating  `  CharlestonForgeBoone,NorthCarolina     ResidentialFurniture   $  HONIndustriesCedartown,Georgia  8  OfficeFurniture  H  JohnstonCasualsNorthWilkesboro,NorthCarolina    ResidentialFurniture    MetalCreationsHighPoint,NorthCarolina   p ResidentialFurniture  0 Steelcase,IncorporatedGrandRapids,Michigan(TwoFacilities)   OfficeFurniture   RoyalDevelopmentHighPoint,NorthCarolina  H ReclinerMechanisms  X U.S.FurnitureHighPoint,NorthCarolina  l ResidentialFurniture |  A F   F  X=XXX̜C TRP'3 Letter Landscape3' '3 Letter Landscape3'T+/kF7'#`<   `K E0*0*ee*Vk ..                               X  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  C B +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  B A +/\R3' Letter\  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  A > +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  > 9 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  9 8 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  8 7 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  7 4 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  4 3 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  3 1 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  1 0 +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  0 . +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  . - +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  - ) +/TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  ) +/ +TRX3' LetterO'3 Letter Landscape3' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT +   C kF7'#`<  P `b Exx(xx(ee)k (#(#C F   F #X̜XX X=#2   2  2ջ"0 `   Descriptionsofanypollutionpreventiontechniquesemployed,suchas  modificationstoaunitoperationforsourcereductionoraddoncontroldevicesusedtolimitordestroyHAPemissionsfromtheoperations;and2ջ݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2P"0 `   AvailablecostinformationconcerningHAPemissionreductionstrategiesbeing p employed.2Pk݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    ParticularattentionwasgiventocleaningoperationspriortocoatingapplicationandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsbecausetheywereexpectedtocontributealargepercentageofHAPemissionsfrommetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities.AgeneraldiscussionofcleaningoperationsandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsisprovidedinSectionIII. RoundtableMeetings  0    AninitialkickofftothePMACTphaseoftheprojectwasheldonApril9,1997,attheU.S.EPACoatingRegulationsWorkshopMetalFurniture/LargeApplianceBreakoutSessionheldinDurham,NC.ThismeetingaddressedthestandardsdevelopmentprocessandidentifiedpreliminaryconcernsoftheWorkshopparticipants.Aseriesofongoingroundtablemeetingsfollowed.  ThefirststakeholderroundtablemeetingformetalfurniturewasattendedbyState,EPA,andindustryrepresentativesonMay28,1997,toidentifydatasourcesforthecollectionofinformationabouttheindustry,reviewtheregulatorydevelopmentprocesswithindustryandraiseissuesofconcerntoallparties,coordinateregulatorydevelopmenteffortsandschedulingwithindustryrepresentatives,andtodiscusspotentialdatasourcesandactionitemsforparticipants.  AsummaryoftheinitialquestionnaireresultsandinformationreceivedfromState/localairpollutioncontrolagencies(includingRACT/BACT/LAERinformation,stateemissionsinventories,andTitleVpermitapplications)waspresentedatthesecondroundtablemeetingonJuly31,1997.Adiscussionofthedataandpossibleformatsforthecollectionandevaluationofdatatookplace.Industryrepresentativesalsoexpressedconcernprimarilyovertwoissues:1)thebenefitofusingtheUOSasthebasisofdatagatheringeffortsratherthanmoretraditionalmethodsusedbytheEPAinthepast,and2)thevalidityofanalyzingcoatingemissionsonasurfaceareabasis(oranyotherbasis)ratherthanonacoatingcontentbasisashasbeenusedbytheEPAinthepast.2 3 3 B B : 1)thebenefitofusingtheUOSasthebasisofdatagatheringeffortsratherthanmoretraditional  methodsusedbytheEPAinthepast,and2)thevalidityofanalyzingcoatingemissionsonasurfaceareabasis(oranyotherbasis)ratherthanonacoatingcontentbasisashasbeenusedbytheEPAinthepast.: ; ; o o   AthirdroundtablemeetingwithindustryrepresentativeswasheldonMarch19,1998.ThemajorfocusofthemeetingwastodiscussthenextdatagatheringphaseoftheprojectandtheassociateddraftSection114questionnaire.SeveralindustryrepresentativeswereconcernedthatdetailedoperationspecificinformationrequestedinthedraftquestionnairesubmittedforreviewinMarch1998maynotbeavailableandonlyfacilitywideinformationwillbereported.TheEPAstressedthattheflexibilityofthefinalrulewillbelimitedifinformationisgatheredononlyafacilitywidebasis.MeetingminutesfortheEPAroundtablemeetingsmaybeobtainedfromtheEPAsInternetsiteathttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/coat/mfurn/met_furn.html.  DataAnalysis     X=XXX̜  Fromtheinformationreceivedintheinitialquestionnaires,aswellasotherdatagathering  efforts,aninitialindustryprofileanddescriptionsofoperationsweredeveloped(seeSectionIII).OperationsthatarepotentialsourcesofHAPemissionswereidentified,includingmetalworking(stamping,bending,forming,welding);electrolyticplating;cleaning(partscleaningbeforecoatingapplication,sprayguncleaning,sprayboothcleaning);paintapplicationandcuring/drying;touchupandrepair;storage,handling,andmixingofsolventsandcoatings;andwastewatertreatment.Toenhancethepreliminaryindustryprofile,analysesofseveraldatabases(e.g.,TRISdatabaseandtheAmericanBusinessDiskdatabase#X̜XX X=;# X=XXX̜)wereperformedtodetermine $t informationongeographiclocationofmetalfurniturefacilities,numberoffacilitiesandemployeesassociatedwitheachSICcodeidentifiedascontainingmetalfurnitureproducts,andspecific#X̜XX X=># X=XXX̜ԀHAPemissionsassociatedwithpointandnonpointsources.#X̜XX X=@# X=XXX̜ 8   Adatabaseofcoatinglineswasdevelopedfromtheinformationreceivedintheinitialquestionnaires.Responseswerereceivedfrom16facilitiesrepresenting46coatinglines.Thecoatinglineswereevaluatedbycoatingapplicationmethod.Thisanalysisshowedthat82percentofthelinesappliedcoatingusingsprayguns(56percentwereliquidcoating,26percentwerepowdercoating).Another13percentappliedadhesivecoating,2percentwereelectrocoatoperations,and2percentwereelectrolyticplatingoperations(seeFigureIII2forabreakdownofthenumberofcoatinglinesbycoatingtypeandapplicationmethod).Eachcoatingtypewasfurtherevaluatedbycoatingusage,surfaceareacoated,andVOCmaterialemissionrate.o o K   AninvestigationofthetoxicpropertiesofpowdercoatingswasundertakenK #X̜XX X=@# X=XXX̜K because  '\"% preliminaryinformationindicatedthatasignificantpercentageofcoatingoperationsappeartoutilizepowdercoatings.Inaddition,apossiblemethodologyfortheestimationofHAPemissionsfrompowdercoatingoperationswasdeveloped.K o o K < < K #X̜XX X=DD#Datao o Limitations  X=XXX̜  '\"%   Becausetheresponsesreceivedfromtheinitialquestionnairerepresentonlyaportiono o G segmentG ofo o theproductsconsideredtobemetalfurniture,thedataanalysisrepresentedheremaynotadequatelyrepresentthemetalfurnitureindustryasawhole.Onequestionnairerespondentstated  that thedatatheEPAreceiveddoesnotrepresenttheindustrybecausethe particular  coatinglines +&*   were +&*  selected  forthesurvey  response s   becausethey were  uniqueand  therefore,thedatatheEPAreceived do es  notrepresentabalancedcrosssectionoftheindustry.  Itisalsoimportanttonotethatalthoughpowdercoatingrepresentedasignificantpercentageofusagebycoatingtypeasreportedintheinitialquestionnaireresponses,theuseofpowdercoatingsindustrywidemaynotbethatprevalentduetotechnologicalproblems.Forexample,onefacilitywhichmanufacturersreclinermechanismsstatedthatpowdercoatingwasnotaviableoptionfortheirapplicationbecausethefacilityusesplastic#X̜XX X=E# X=XXX̜bushingsandwashers $ t whicharesensitivetothetemperaturerequiredforthecuringofpowdercoatings.Also,thefacilityisunableto#X̜XX X=GK# X=XXX̜Ԁadequatelycontrolcoatingthicknessforpreventionofobstructionofthe  L  mechanismsscissoraction.  Theabilityofpowdercoatingstoproducecertaintypesoffinisheswasnotdemonstratedbyseveralfacilitiesthatwerethesubjectofsitevisits.Onefacilitywasunabletocreateantiquedandmarbleizedfinisheswiththepowdercoatingsthathadbeentested.Anotherfacilitywhichmanufacturesresidentialfurniturehasmanyuniquefinishtypes,including#X̜XX X=%L# X=XXX̜marble,crackle,and   pewterfinishes,#X̜XX X=]N# X=XXX̜Ԁthattheyhavenotfoundtobereproduciblewithcurrentpowdercoating p technology.  ThedataobtainedbytheEPAduringthisphaseoftheprojectisnotcomplete,andadditionaldatagapsexistwhichhinderarepresentativedataanalysis.ThepurposeoftheJune1998industryquestionnaireistofilltheseexistingdatagapsandallowforamorecompletedatabaseofinformationfromwhichtoperformananalysis.ThefollowinglistdetailsinformationthatisrequiredtocompletetheMACTdevelopmentphase:  2  2*Q"0 `   Datafromwhichtoperformacompletematerialbalancearoundunitoperationsto   accuratelygaugethelevelofemissionsfromeachcontrolalternative,2*QEQ݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2fR"0 `   Costdatatoevaluatethecostofcontrols,2fRR݌` (#` (# Ќ    2  2*S"0 `   Datanecessaryfortheevaluationofenvironmentalimpacts,2*SES݌X ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2S"0 `   Anaccuratemeansofdeterminingthenumberofaffectedsources,2ST݌0" ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2T"0 `   Dataforanalysisofpossibledifferencesamongtheindustrysegments,and2TT݌$X"` (#` (# Ќ    2  2U"0 `   Morecompletedataonoperationsotherthancleaningbeforecoatingapplication %0!$ andcoatingapplicationandcuringsystems.2UU݌ ` (#` (# Ќ     ` #X̜XX X=N# X=XXX̜#X̜XX X= W# X=XXX̜#X̜XX X=OW#  |*%)   III.SURFACECOATINGOFMETALFURNITURE    SummaryofExistingFederalandStateRequirements    ThefederalregulationapplicabletothemetalfurnitureindustryistheNewSource p PerformanceStandard(NSPS)under40CFRPart60,SubpartEE,"StandardsofPerformanceforSurfaceCoatingofMetalFurniture."InadditiontotheNSPS,theEPApublishedaControlTechniquesGuideline(CTG)documentthatcoverssurfacecoatingofmetalfurniture.Thisdocument, ControlofVolatileOrganicEmissionsfromExistingStationarySourcesVolumeIII:SurfaceCoatingofMetalFurniture(EPA450/277032),waspublishedinDecember1977.Thefollowingsectionssummarizetheapplicabilityandtheperformance/controlrequirementsoftheNSPSandtheCTG.  ApplicabilityoftheNSPS  0    TheNSPSappliestometalfurnituresurfacecoatingoperationsinwhichorganiccoatingsareapplied.Asurfacecoatingoperationincludesthecoatingapplicationstation(s),flashoffarea,andcuringoven.Therulespecificallyexcludesmetalfurnituresurfacecoatingoperationsthatuselessthan3,842liters(1,015gallons)ofcoating(asapplied)peryear.  Performance/ControlRequirementsoftheNSPS p    TheNSPSlimitsVOCemissionsto0.90kilogramofVOCperliterofcoatingsolidsapplied.ComplianceisdeterminedbycalculatingthevolumeweightedaveragemassofVOCdischargedtotheatmosphereperunitvolumeofsolidsappliedusinggivenvaluesforthetransferefficiencyofvariousapplicationmethods.Iftheresultingvalueislessthanorequalto0.90kilogramofVOCperliterofcoatingsolidsapplied,thefacilityisincompliance.  ApplicabilityoftheCTG  @   TheCTGappliestothesurfacecoatingofmetalfurniture,whichincludesanyfurnituremadeofmetaloranymetalpartwhichwillbeassembledwithothermetal,wood,fabric,plasticorglasspartstoformafurniturepiece.AccordingtotheCTG,metalfurnituremaybedividedintotwocategories:"businessandinstitutional"and"household."Businessandinstitutionalmetalfurnitureisdefinedasfurnituremanufacturedforuseinhospitals,schools,athleticstadiums,restaurants,laboratories,andothertypesofinstitutions,andgovernmentandprivateoffices.Householdmetalfurnitureisdefinedasfurnituremanufacturedmostlyforhomeandgeneralofficeuse.  Performance/ControlRequirementsoftheCTG  @)$'   TheCTGrecommendsalimitationof0.36kilogramoforganicsolventemittedperliterofcoating(minuswater)[3.0poundsoforganicsolventemittedpergallonofcoating(minus ,`'* water)]forreductionofVOCfromexistingstationarysources.TheemissionlimitationwasestablishedasarepresentationofthepresumptivenormwhichcouldbeachievedthroughtheapplicationofRACTavailableatthetime.TheCTGdefinedRACTtobethelowestemissionlimitthataparticularsourceiscapableofmeetingbytheapplicationofcontroltechnologythatisreasonablyavailableconsideringtechnologicalandeconomicfeasibility.Itmayrequiretechnologythathasbeenappliedtoasimilar,butnotnecessarily  identical ,  sourcecategory.  StateRegulations  @    AdatabaseofStateregulationswassearchedforregulationspertainingtosurfacecoatingofmetalfurniture.MoststatesgenerallyfollowtheguidelinesestablishedintheCTGasdescribedabove.SomeStateshavedifferentlimitsforindividualcoatingtypeandcuringmethod(i.e.,specialtycoatings,airdriedgeneralcoatings,bakedgeneralcoatings,enamels,etc.).SeveralState/localagencieshaveestablishedguidancefordeterminingBACTandRACTforsurfacecoatingofmetalfurniturefacilities.TheEPAhasestablishedguidanceforthedevelopmentofVOCRACTrequirements.q q q zq  #  4      ׀AppendixCsummarizesexistingmetalfurniture  coatingregulationsforeachState. IndustryProfile     AsaninitialestimateofthenumberofmajorsourcespotentiallyaffectedbythemetalfurnitureMACTstandard,informationfromtheTRISdatabasewasanalyzedforthefourmetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodes(2514metalhouseholdfurniture;2522officefurniture,exceptwood;2531publicbuildingandrelatedfurniture;and2542officeandstorefixtures,partitions,shelving,andlockers,exceptwood).ThedatawereobtainedthroughEPA'sInternetsite,specifically,theTRIqueryform(http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/tris/tris_query.html).  TheTRIqueryformwasusedtogenerateareportofallfacilitieslistedundereachofthemetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodes.Facilityspecificdatawerethen  requested ,  whichincludedairemissionsreportedfor1987through1995.Thelastyearforwhichemissionswerereportedwasusedfordeterminingifthefacilitywaso o L likelytobeaL M aM o o majorsource(emissionsof9.1megagrams(10tons)peryearormoreofanyoneHAPor22.7megagrams(25tons)peryearormoreofanycombinationofo o HAP).N N S N Itshouldbenoted,however,thN S O N eN O S P atadifferentlistofcomP S Q P pundsP Q S R poundsarerepR S Z Z U ThelistofcompoU _ u_ U ndsreportedunderU V TRIS,hoV W V pwV W Y X eX Y Z wever,isnotthesameastheZ [ Z listofHAPZ [ ] \ A\ ] ^ HAPlist^ b ^ .^ b c anduseofTRIc f Sf c dataisonlyanindicatorofc d c majoc d ` T EmissionsreportedintheTRIdatabase,however,areT ` b a Usea b f f e possiblemajorsourcestatus.e o o   Overall,38percentofthefacilitieswereo o g likelytobeg majoro o sources,withindividualSICcodesrangingfrom25percentto44percentaspresentedbelow: `'"% o o h h o o h h o o h h o o *fL"QSd d dd dd jK"k(#(#f,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  "  "SICCode 7-d" 7TotalNumber d ofFacilities 7-T" 7o o i Estimatedi Numbero o ofMajorSources 7-D" 7o o j Estimatedj Percento o Major YOD " @2514@Y2514 yoAx " @2514 @  B@36B@y36 wm?x "  B@36 B@  0@160@w16 wm?x "  0@16 0@  F@44F@w44 yo?x "  F@44 F@ @2522@y2522 yoA L" @2522 @  V@91V@y91 wm? L"  V@91 V@  C@39C@w39 wm? L"  C@39 C@  E@43E@w43 yo? L"  E@43 E@ ƣ@2531ƣ@y2531 yoA " ƣ@2531 ƣ@  J@52J@y52 wm? "  J@52 J@  *@13*@w13 wm? "  *@13 *@  9@259@w25 yo? "  9@25 9@ ܣ@2542ܣ@y2542 yoA T" ܣ@2542 ܣ@  @P@65@P@y65 wm? T"  @P@65 @P@  9@259@w25 wm? T"  9@25 9@  C@38C@w38 WM? T"  C@38 C@ WTOTAL XN " n@244n@X244 xn@ " n@244 n@  @W@93@W@x93 wm? "  @W@93 @W@  C@38C@w38OEC "  C@38  C@ O  ThemajorsourceestimatewasbasedonactualemissionsasreportedinthemostrecentyearavailableintheTRISdatabaseandnotono o k HAPk potentialo o toemitasrequiredforMACT.Itshouldbenotedthat,basedonpotentialemissions,manymorefacilitiescouldqualifyasmajorsources.Conversely,thereisthepossibilitythatsomeofthemajorsourcesmayelecttotakefederallyenforceablepermitlimitsorchangeoperationstobecomesyntheticminorsources.  WhiletheabovedatacoverthecoatingactivitiescitedunderthefourmetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodes,therearealsoanundeterminednumberofmetalfurniturefacilitieslistedundertherelatedSICcodes(2599furnitureandfixtures,notelsewhereclassified;3429hardware,notelsewhereclassified;3469metalstampings,notelsewhereclassified;3495wiresprings;3499fabricatedmetalproducts,notelsewhereclassified;3645residentialelectriclightingfixtures;3646commercial,industrial,andinstitutionalelectriclightingfixtures;3821laboratoryapparatusandfurniture;3843dentalequipmentandsupplies;3999manufacturingindustries,notelsewhereclassified;and7641reupholsteryandfurniturerepair).WhileeachoftheseSICcodescontainsproductsrelatedtothemetalfurnitureindustry,eachalsocontainsnumerousproductsinotherindustries.Todate,nomethodologyhasbeenfoundtodistinguishmetalfurniturefacilitiesfromotherfacilitiesinanyoftheSICcodelistingswhichalsoincludenonmetalfurnitureproducts.Therefore,ananalysissimilartothatpresentedaboveforSICcodesthatonlycovermetalfurnituremanufacturingwasnotperformedontherelatedSICcodes.  LackinganyothermethodologytodeterminethenumberofmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilitiesthataremajorsourcesintherelatedSICcodes,thenumberofmajorsourcesinthemetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodeswasdoubledtoaccountforthemajorsourcesintherelatedSICcodesforwhichdatawerenotidentifiedunderTRIS.Thus,itisestimatedthatthereare186majorsourcefacilitiesnationwidethatwillbeaffectedbythemetalfurnituresurfacecoatingMACTstandards.  (X#7 o o l ̛̛l m m m m m  +'; m Applicabilityo o   Themetalfurnituresurfacecoatingsourcecategoryincludesthecoatingofsuchitems(or  componentparts)ashousehold,office,institutional,laboratory,hospital,publicbuilding,restaurant,barberandbeautyshop,anddentalfurniture;officeandstorefixtures,partitions,shelving,andlockers;commercial,industrial,andinstitutionallightingfixtures;andwastebasketsthatareconstructed(inwholeorinpart)frommetalpartsorcomponents.Othermanufacturingactivitiesthatareintegralorrelatedtocoatingactivitiesarerawmaterialpreparation,cleaningoperationspriortocoatingapplication,coatingmixingandstorage,coatingapplicationandcuringsystems,routinecleaning,andwastewaterhandlingandtreatment.  Facilitiesusingtheseactivitiestoproducemetalfurniturearetypically,butnotnecessarily,classifiedundertheSICcodeslistedinAppendixD.AcrossreferencebetweentheseSICcodesandtheircorrespondingNAICScodesisalsoprovidedinAppendixD.  Metalfurnitureoftencontainswoodandplasticcomponents,andwoodfurnitureoftencontainsmetalcomponents.Thereareoccasionswhenthesedissimilarcomponentsareassembledpriortocoating,resultinginpotentialoverlapsbetweenMACTsurfacecoatingsourcecategories.TheEPAhasnotyetresolvedthisconflict,particularlywherethemetalfurnitureunitcontainssubstantialportionsofbothmetalandwood(orplastic)components.  Anotherareaofpossibleoverlapisbetweenthemetalfurnitureandthemiscellaneousmetalpartssourcecategories.Therearefacilitiesthatproducemetalpartsandcomponentsformanydifferentindustries,metalfurniturebeingjustone.Inthiscase,theissueiswhethersuchafacilitywouldbeclassifiedasamiscellaneousmetalpartsproducer,orifitwouldbeclassifiedunderoneormoreofthespecificsourcecategories.TheEPAhasdetermined,however,thatwhateverisnotincludedwithinthespecificsourcecategorieswill,bydefault,becoveredunderthemiscellaneousmetalpartssourcecategory. FacilityOperationsandCurrentIndustryPractices  0   Theoperationsdiscussedinthissectionareintendedtogiveabroadoverviewoftheentiremetalfurnituremanufacturingprocess,aswellasanindicationofwhichoperationsmayemitHAPmaterials.Whilealloftheseoperationsaretypicallyfoundatmetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities,manyfactorsinfluencethespecificcollectionofoperationsatanyonefacility.Forexample,afacilitywithshotblastcleaningoperationsmaynotrequirewastewatertreatmentoperations.  InclusionofanoperationinthissectionisnotconclusivethattheEPAintendstoregulateHAPemissionsfromtheoperation.Allidentifiedmanufacturingoperationsareincludedhereforcompletenessofthedescriptionofthemanufacturingprocessandforidentifyingtypeofpollutantsandtotalemissionsfromafacility. ,`'*   RawMaterialPreparation     Rawmaterials  consist s  oftubeorbarstock,orcoiledsteelsheet.Thematerialiscuttosizeandprocessedthroughvariousstamping,forming,bending,andweldingoperationstoproducethecomponentpieces.Theindividualpiecesarethenassembledintoacompletedunitorcomponentpart(suchaslegsorsupportsforatablewithawoodentop)byweldingorthroughtheuseofvariousfasteners.Atthispoint,theunitorcomponentpartisreadyforcoatingapplication.However,someitems,particularlyofficefurnituresuchasfilingcabinets,willrequireassemblyoperationsaftercoating,andotheritemswillrequiretheadditionofnonmetalcomponentssuchaswoodshelvesordesktops.  Basedoninformationobtainedfromonefacility,smallamounts(typicallylessthan1kilogramperyear)ofHAPemissionsmayoccurfromweldingoperationsduetoinorganicHAPmaterialscontainedintheweldingrods.ThisestimatewasbasedontheirannualusageofweldingrodsandtheinorganicHAPcontentoftheweldingrodsasreportedinitsmaterialsafetydatasheet.ThisestimateisgenerallyconsistentwithSection12.19ofAP42,q q q {q  #  5     whichlistsHAP  emissionfactorsforvarioustypesofweldingoperations.  CleaningOperationsPriortoCoatingApplication     Beforeametalfurnitureunitorcomponentpartcanbecoated,itssurfacemustbethoroughlycleaned.NearlyallcleaningoperationsystemspriortocoatingreportedintheresponsestotheinitialquestionnaireandobservedduringsitevisitsfollowedthesamebasicprocedureasshowninFigureIII1.Thisoperationconsistsofthefollowingbasicstages:1)alkalineoracidiccleaning,2)waterrinse,3)phosphatetreatment(typicallyironphosphate),4)waterrinse,and5)pretreatmentand/orwaterrinse.Thefinalpretreatmentstepmaybearustinhibitororadhesionpromoter.Also,eachrinsestagemayconsistofmultiplerinsesinseries.Includingtherinsestages,thereportedcleaninglinesrangedfromtwotosixstages.Inallcases,thecleaningoperationwasfollowedbyanovendryingstage.  TwofacilitiesthattheEPAvisitedusedadifferentcleaningprocedure.Bothfacilitiesproducedavarietyofresidentialfurnitureandusedashotblastingoperationasthesolemeansofcleaningpriortocoating(onefacilitypowdercoated,theotherusedliquidcoatings).Dirtandgrease,aswellasroughedgesandwelds,wereabrasivelyremovedbythisoperation.Inaddition,curedpowdercoatingscouldberemovedwhenitemsrequiredrework.Nosolventsorliquidcleanerswereused,andthefacilitieshadnowastewaterdischarge.  `'"% TRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterTkF7'#`<  l `7 E0*0*ee*Vk ..  TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT//U  Ingeneral,thecleaningsystemspriortocoatingcontainlittlevolatileHAPorVOC  materials,andnosuchemissionswerereportedintheinitialquestionnaireresponses.Inaddition,theEPA'sFactorInformationRetrievalSystem(FIREdatabase)indicatesVOCemissionsfromthesecleaningsystems(SCCcode40202002,metalfurniturecleaningandpretreatmentoperationspriortocoating)arenegligible(emissionfactorisreportedas0.0lbVOC/tonsolventincoating).NoemissionfactorsarelistedforHAPmaterialsintheFIREdatabaseforthisSCCcode.q Nq q |q _[  #  6      P    CoatingMixingandStorage  0    Coatingsmaybeuseddirectlyasreceivedfromthemanufacturerormixedwithasmallamountofsolvent(i.e.,thinner)toadjustviscositybeforeapplication.Inaddition,multiplecomponentsmaybemixedtoformtheasappliedcoating.Whenasolventismixedwiththecoatingormultiplecomponentsarecombined,amixingoperationseparatefromtheapplicationoperationisrequired.Evencoatingsusedasreceivedaretypicallymixedpriortousetoensurethatallcomponentsareuniformlydistributedinthecoating.  Themixingoperationmaytakeplaceatthecoatingapplicationoperation,ortheremaybeadedicatedroomorareaofthefacilitywheremixingtakesplace.Mixingatthecoatingapplicationoperationisusedonlywheretheamountofcoatingtobemixedissmall,suchasspecialtycoatingsorshortproductruns.Dedicatedmixroomsareemployedforcoatingsusedinlargequantitiesandmayservemultiplecoatingapplicationoperations.Ineithercase,themixingoperationisgenerallythesame,withthesizeandnumberofthemixingtanksbeingtheonlyvariable.  Coatingsaremixedintankssizedappropriatelyfortheexpectedusageofthecoating.Eachtankiscontinuallymixedbymeansofanelectricmixermountedonthetank.Dedicatedmixroomsusuallysupplycoatingstomorethanoneapplicationoperation.Themixingtanksmaybepipeddirectlytoeachcoatinglinebutaremoretypicallypipedinacircuitousfashion,eventuallyreturningtothemixingtank.Eachcoatingapplicationoperationcanthentapintothislineandhaveacontinuoussupplyofcoating.Samplesaretakenfromthemixingtanksperiodicallytocheckforviscosity.Smallamountsofsolventmaybeaddedtokeepthecoatinginthedesiredviscosityrange.  Emissionsfrommixingoperationsoccurfromtheevaporationofsolventsfromthemixingtanks.Theseemissionsaregenerallyfugitiveinnature,althoughindividualtankexhaustcouldbeprovided.Closedmixroomsareventilatedtopreventsolventconcentrationsintheroomairfromexceedingsafelevels.Theexhaustisusuallyventedtotheatmosphere. P(#&   Coatingsarestoredinsealedcontainers,eitherinthemixroomsordedicatedstorageareas.Becausethecontainersarekeptsealeduntiluse,thereareessentiallynoemissionsfromstorage.  ElectrolyticPlating  p   Electrolyticplatingisfarlessprevalentthanapplicationandcuringofanorganiccoatingasachoiceforsurfacefinishingofmetalfurniture,buthasbeenobservedforspecificapplicationsintheresidential,outdoor,andofficefurnitureindustrysegments.Aplatinglineconsistsofaseriesofdiptanksintowhichthepartsareimmersed.Ingeneral,thefirststageisacleanerwhichremovesdirtandgrease.Thisisfollowedbypretreatmentstagesdesignedtopreparethesurfaceforplatingandtopreventcontaminantsfrombeingintroducedintotheplatingbath.Theplatingstagecanconsistofoneormoreseparatesteps,suchaschromium,nickel,zinc,orbrass,dependingonthedesiredfinalfinish.Afinalrinsecompletestheplatingoperation.  HAPemissionsfromelectrolyticplatingoperationsusuallyoccurfromaerosolsreleasedfromthesurfaceoftheliquidsinthetanksduetoaerationoroffgassingproducedduringtheelectrolyticplatingstep.VolatileorganicHAPmaterialsaregenerallynotusedintheseoperations,soHAPemissionsareconfinedtoinorganicHAPmaterials.  CoatingApplicationandCuringSystems  `   Thevastmajorityofcoatinginthemetalfurnitureindustryisaccomplishedbymeansofapplyinganorganicbasedcoatingtothemetalpart,thencuringordrying.Thecoatingitselfmaybeintheformofliquidorpowder,andmaybesprayordipapplied.Nearlyallsprayablecoatingsareelectrostaticallyapplied,aswellasmanydipcoatings.ThedistributionofcoatinglinesbycoatingtypeandapplicationmethodasreportedintheinitialindustryquestionnaireresponsesisshowninFigureIII2.  LiquidCoatings     Sprayableliquidcoatingsareappliedinaboothbymanualorautomaticmeans.In "  someinstances,bothareusedtomaximizecoatingapplicationefficiency.Typically,theoversprayiscollectedondryfilterswithinthebooth(waterwashboothsappeartobelesscommonlyused),andthefiltersaresubsequentlydisposedaswaste.Alternatively,somefacilitiescollecttheoversprayforreuse.Aftercoatingapplication,thepartspassthroughaflashoffareawhichallowsasubstantialportionofthesolventtoevaporatebeforebeingsubjectedtotheheatofthecuringoven.  HAPemissionsfromliquidcoatingoperationsoccurateachstepoftheoperation.Duringapplicationofthecoating,volatilesolventsareevaporatedfromthecoating.Smalldropletsofoverspraythatarenotfilteredfromthesprayboothexhaustmaybereleasedintothe ,`'* UTRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT  m UTRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT  m U UTRO'3 Letter LandscapeX3' Letter'3 Letter Landscape3' LetterT U   kF!7'#`<d* `0*X E0*0*e*Vk ..  //TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  m //TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT  m // /TRX3' LetterO'3 Letter Landscape3' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT /   Watmosphere,generatingemissionsofinorganicHAPmaterial.Duringflashoffandcuring,the  solventcontinuestoevaporateuntilthecoatingisfullycured.Awiderangeofsolventsareusedinthecoatings,withmethylethylketone,2butoxyethanol,nbutylacetate,xylene,andtoluenebeingsomeofthemostprevalentreportedintheinitialquestionnaireresponses.  PowderCoatings `    Powdercoatingsarealmostalwaysappliedbymeansofelectrostaticspray.Whena @  singlecolorisappliedwithinadedicatedbooth(orduringalongproductionruninaboothusedformultiplecolors),mostofthepowderoversprayiscollectedandreused(seeFigureIII3).Mostfacilitiesthatrecycledthepowderreportedthatapproximatelyfivepercentofthepowderwaslostaswaste.Whenmultiplecolorsareappliedwithinthesamebooth,thepowderoversprayistypicallynotreusedduetothedifficultyofkeepingresiduesofonecolorfromcontaminatinganothercolor(seeFigureIII4).  Afterapplicationofthepowdercoating,noflashoffisnecessarybecausethepowderappliedthiswaycontainsnoliquidcomponents.Thecoatedpartsareconveyeddirectlytoacuringovenwherethepowderismeltedandfusedintoacontinuouscoating.  Whilepowdercoatingsaregainingwideacceptanceinthemetalfurnitureindustry,theyhavenotbeendemonstratedforcertaintypesoffinishes.OnefacilityvisitedbytheEPAwasunabletocreateantiquedandmarbleizedfinisheswiththepowdercoatingstheytested.Anotherfacilitywhichmanufacturesresidentialfurniturehasmanyuniquefinishtypes,includingmarble,crackle,andpewterfinishes,thatmaynotbeproduciblewithcurrentpowdercoatingtechnology.  Metalfurniturepiecesproducedfromhollowtubestockatoneresidentialfurnituremanufacturingfacilitythatisintheprocessofconvertingtopowdercoatingarecurrentlydipcoatedtoensurethatinsideareasarefullycoatedandwillnotrust.Thesuccessofthepowdercoatingoperationforthisapplicationwilldependontheabilitytocoattheinteriorofhollowcomponentpartswithasealertopreventrusting.Thefacilityanticipatesthatthismaybeaccomplishedbyaddingasealertothecleaningsystempriortocoating;however,thishasnotyetbeentested.  Onefacilitywhichmanufacturersreclinermechanismsstatedthatpowdercoatingwasnotaviableoptionfortheirapplication.Themechanismscontainplasticbushingsandwasherswhichareassembledpriortocoating.Theseplasticcomponentsaretooheatsensitivetobeexposedtothetemperaturerequiredtocurepowdercoatings.Thefacilityalsoexpressedconcernabouttheabilitytocontrolpowdercoatingthicknessonallareasofthemechanismsothatitwouldnotobstructitsscissoraction.  Althoughnovolatileemissionsoccurfromthepowderapplicationstep,somefacilitiesventtheapplicationboothtotheatmosphere,leadingtoparticulatematteremissions.Themajorityoffacilitiesthatrespondedtotheinitialindustryquestionnaire,aswellasthosewho ,`'* WTRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT  m WTRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterT  m W WTRO'3 Letter LandscapeX3' Letter'3 Letter Landscape3' LetterT W   kF$7'#`<d* `0*X E0*0*e*Vk ..  kF&7'#`<d* `0*X E0*0*e*Vk ..  TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeTwerethesubjectofsitevisits,returnedthesprayboothexhaustairbacktotheboothratherthan  dischargingittotheatmosphere.  Dependingonthespecificresintypeandadditivesusedinthepowderformulation,volatileemissionsmaybeproducedduringcuringbytwodifferentmechanisms.First,volatilecomponentsintheformulationmaybereleasedwhenthepowderissubjectedtoheat.Thesecondmechanismisachemicalreactionbetweenthepowderadditiveswhenexposedtotheheatofthecuringoventhatcreatesvolatilecompounds.Theselattercomponentsaretermedcurevolatiles.  Whilenoinformationwasobtainedconcerningtheamountorspeciationofthecurevolatiles,someavailabledataonemissionsofadditiveswerecollected.Accordingtoinformationprovidedbyapowdercoatingsmanufacturerforaurethanepolyesterpowder,twotosixpercentbyweightofthepowdermaybereleasedinthecuringstep.Forthisparticularpowderformulation,caprolactamwasthematerialemitted.CaprolactamisnotaHAPbutisaVOC.  Additionally,afacilityengineeringreportfromtheChattanoogaHamiltonCounty(Tennessee)AirPollutionControlBureau(APCB)forametalfurniturepowdercoatingoperationindicatedthatemissionsmayoccurfromthecuringofpowdercoatingsattemperaturesgreaterthan160$C(320$F).q q q q  #  7     Eachofthepowdercoatingsusedatthefacilityforwhichthe p engineeringreportwasdevelopedmaycontaintwotofourpercentbymasscaprolactamand10to20percentbymassisophoronediisocyanate(IPDI).Thereportstatedthatasmuchasonehalfofthecaprolactammaybevolatilizedduringpowdercuringand1to2percentoftheIPDImaybevolatilized.  OtherTechnologies `   Whileliquidandpowdersprayappliedcoatingsareusedbythemajorityoftheindustry, @ otherapplicationmethodsandcoatingtechnologieshavebeendemonstrated.Dipapplicationmethodsareusedprimarilyonpartsthatdonotrequireahighqualityappearance,suchasinteriorcomponentsofafilingcabinet.Electrocoatingisaspecializedformofdipcoatingwhereoppositeelectricchargesareappliedtothecoatingandthepart.Thecoatingisdepositedonthepartbymeansofelectricalattraction,whichproducesamoreuniformcoatingthantraditionaldipapplication.Autophoreticcoatingisadipapplicationmethodwhereachemicalreactiondepositsthecoatingonthesurfaceofthepart.Intheoneautophoreticoperationforwhichdatahavebeenobtained,theonlyavailablecolorwasblack.ThecoatingcontainedanegligibleamountofHAPandnoVOCmaterial. `'"% Ї  Adhesives     Adhesivesareusedprimarilytoattachseatcushionstotheseatbottomorframe,attachclothtoseatcushions,andattachdecorativelaminatetowoodormetalsubstratesfordesktopsandtabletops.Theadhesiveistypicallysprayappliedtoboththesubstrateandlaminate,thenthetwopartsareassembled.Inmostinstances,theadhesiveisactivatedbypressure,notheat.  Thesolventcontainedintheadhesiveevaporatesduringapplicationandcuring,similartothatdescribedaboveforotherorganiccoatings.  RoutineCleaning `    Cleaningotherthaninpreparationforsurfacecoatingalsooccursatnearlyeverymetal @  furnituremanufacturingfacility.Theseoperationsincludesprayguncleaning,paintlinecleaning,andtouchupcleaningatfinalassembly.Eachoftheseoperationsistypicallyconductedwithanorganicsolvent.Emissions,whichoccurfromtheevaporationofthesesolvents,areusuallyfugitiveinnature.  WastewaterTreatmentandHandling     TheprimarysourceofwastewaterfrommetalfurnituremanufacturingoperationsistherinsestagesofthecleaningoperationshowninFigureIII1.ThewastewateristypicallyadjustedforpH,thendischargedfromthefacility.Additionaltreatmentmaybenecessarydependingontheoilandgreaseloadingandothercontaminantlevels.  @  )IV.  EMISSIONREDUCTIONTECHNIQUES     Theinitialindustryquestionnaire,aswellasthesitevisitsconductedbytheEPA,focusedheavilyoncleaningandcoatingunitoperationsbecauseemissionsourcesassociatedwiththeseoperationsconstitutethemajorityofHAPemissionsfrommetalfurnituremanufacturingfacilities.InformationobtainedconcerningtheotherunitoperationsdiscussedinSectionIIIwasminimalanddidnotprovideenoughdatatoadequatelydiscussemissionreductiontechniquesusedincurrentpracticebytheindustry.Consequently,emissionreductiontechniquesforonlycleaningpriortocoatingapplicationandcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsarediscussedinthissection. CleaningOperationsPriortoCoatingApplication  P    AsdiscussedinSectionIII,thecleaningoperationsobservedduringsitevisitsandreportedintheresponsestotheinitialquestionnairecontainlittlevolatileHAP(orVOC)materials.Assuch,thereisessentiallynoroomforimprovement,intermsofreducingHAPemissions,overthemethodsinwideusebytheindustry.  WhileopportunitiesforHAPemissionreductionshavenotbeenidentified,theshotblastcleaningoperationobservedattwofacilitiesoffersignificantreductionsinwastewaterandliquidwastestreams.Theshotblastingoperation,beingcompletelydry,producesnowastewaterfromtherinsingofpartsbetweencleaningsteps.Inaddition,theliquidwastestreamproducedwhenthecleaning/treatmentsolutionsaredisposedwouldbeeliminatedbyashotblastoperation.  Norestrictionsonthetypeofmetalsubstratewereidentifiedforuseofshotblastcleaningoperations.However,iftheunitorcomponentpartbeingcleanedhasnonmetalpartsassembledbeforethecleaningoperation,thenshotblastingmaynotbeaviablealternativeduetotheabrasivenatureoftheoperation.Anotherdrawbackoftheshotblastcleaningoperationisitsbatchmodeofoperation.Comparedtoaconveyorizedcleaningoperationthatisinlinewiththecoatingapplicationoperation,morelaborisinvolvedfortheadditionalstepsofloadingandunloadingfromtheshotblastchamber.  OfthetwofacilitiesvisitedbytheEPAthathadshotblastcleaningoperations,onlyonehadanemissionstreamventedtotheatmosphere.Thisemissionstream,whichcontainedresidualdustgeneratedwithintheblastchamberduringthecleaningcycle,wascontrolledbymeansofaparticulatefilter.HAPemissionsfromthissourcewerenotdocumented,butsmallamountsofinorganicHAPmaterialscouldbeemitteddependingonthecompositionoftheshotandthemetalsubstratebeingcleaned.Thesecondfacilityfilteredtheairfromtheblastchamberinasimilarmanner,exceptthattheairwasrecirculatedbacktothechamber.Inbothcases,theairwasfilteredonlyafterthecleaningcyclewascompletedinordertoreducethedustinthechambersothatthedoorcouldbeopenedsooner.  ,`'* o o n n Coatingo o ApplicationandCuringSystems     Themostprevalentcoatingapplicationandcuringsystemusedinthemetalfurnituremanufacturingindustryisthesprayapplicationofliquidcoatingsfollowedbycuringordryinginanoven.Althoughthesesystemshavethebroadestapplicabilitythroughouttheindustry,theytypicallyhavethehighestHAPandVOCemissionsaswell.Throughtheinitialdatagatheringeffort,theEPAhasidentifiedseveralalternativecoatingapplicationandcuringsystemsthathavethepotentialtoreduceHAPandVOCemissionscomparedtoconventionalliquidcoatings,asdescribedbelow.  TheEPAsRACT/BACT/LAERClearinghousewassearchedbymetalfurnituremanufacturingSICcodestodeterminethecurrentcontroltechnologiesthathavebeenimplementedasBACT,RACT,andLAER.OfthethreefacilitiesidentifiedintheClearinghouse,onefacilityutilizedhighsolids(nonvolatiles)sprayableliquidcoatingsasameansofVOCcontrol,anotherfacilityutilizedhighsolidssprayableliquidcoatingsandapplicationmethods(automaticbellsandhandheldelectrostaticguns)asBACTforVOCcontrol,andthethirdfacilityutilizedanapplicationmethod(highvolumelowpressure(HVLP)sprayguns)asBACTforVOCcontrol.ThepermitissuancedatesforthesefacilitieswereSeptember1990,April1991,andMarch1994,respectively.  Thistrendwasalsoseenintheresponsestotheinitialindustryquestionnaireandthesitevisits.Highsolidssprayableliquidcoatingsincombinationwithelectrostaticsprayguns(bothmanualandautomatic)werereportedastheprimarymeansusedtoreducevolatileemissionsfromcoatingapplicationoperations.Inaddition,somefacilitiesutilizedotherapplicationmethodssuchasrotarybellandrotarydiskelectrostaticspray.  Highsolidscoatingsreduceemissionsbyreducingtheamountofsolventinthecoatingasapplied.Asaresult,asmallervolumeofhighsolidscoatingisrequiredtocoveragivensurfaceareaatagiventransferefficiency.Forexample,oneliter(0.264gallon)ofsolidswillcoatasurfaceareaof39.4m2(424ft2)atathicknessof2.54x105m(0.001in.or1mil),assuming100 0 percenttransferefficiency.Usingaconventionalcoatingwith30volumepercentsolidswouldrequire3.33litersofcoatingtocoverthissurfacearea.Bycontrast,ahighsolidscoatingwith65volumepercentsolidswouldrequire1.54literstocoverthesamearea.Thereducedtotalvolumeofhighsolidscoatingrequired,combinedwiththelowersolventcontentperliter,substantiallyreducesvolatileemissions.AdditionalinformationonlowemittingcoatingsisincludedinastudybytheEPA'sOfficeofResearchandDevelopment.q q q q b  #  8      % # Ї  Powdercoatingsalsorepresentacontroltechnologywidelyusedbythemetalfurnitureindustry.Thecoating,beingadrypowder,hasnosolventtoevaporate,althoughasmallamountofvolatilecomponentsmaybeemitted.AsdescribedinSectionIII,amaximumofapproximatelyfivepercentbyweightofthepowdercoatingisemitted,comparedtoapproximately25percentbyweightofatypicalhighsolids(65percentbyvolumesolids)coating.  AddoncontroldeviceswereusedbyonlythreefacilitiesthatrespondedtotheinitialindustryquestionnaireorwerethesubjectofasitevisittocontrolHAP/VOCemissionsinthemetalfurnitureindustry.OnefacilityiscurrentlyutilizingathermaloxidizerforcontrolofVOCfromtwopaintcuringovens.AnotherfacilitycontrolsVOCemissionsfromsprayboothsviaacarbonconcentration/carbonadsorptionsystemfollowedbyanoxidizer.ThethirdfacilitypreviouslyutilizedacatalyticthermaloxidizerforcontrolofVOCemissionsfromaliquidcoatingline;however,itwastakenofflineduetotheconversionoftheliquidcoatinglinetoapowderline. X=XXX̜ Resources      AdditionalinformationmaybeobtainedfromtheEPAscoatingsMACTdatabaseasit  continuestobeupdated.Thedatabase(alsocalledtheAIRS/AFSdatabase)canbeaccessed t throughtheEPAswebsiteontheInternet(http://www.epa.gov/ttn).  `   Inaddition,NESHAPandNSPSdevelopedforothersurfacecoatingoperationsmayhelp 8 toidentifycomplianceoptionsand/orcontrolmeasuresapplicabletothemetalfurnitureindustry.Theseregulationsareasfollows:  2  2r "0 `   AerospaceManufacturingandReworkFacilities,40CFRPart63,SubpartGG; 8 AerospaceManufacturingandReworkFacilitiesBackgroundInformationfor $ ProposedStandards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTriangle  Park,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R94036a)2r  ݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2N "0 `   ShipbuildingandShipRepair(SurfaceCoating),40CFRPart63,SubpartII; ! ShipbuildingandShipRepairFacilities(SurfaceCoating)Facilities p"  BackgroundInformationforFinalStandards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection \#! Agency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R96003b)2N i ݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2G "0 `   WoodFurnitureManufacturingOperations,40CFRPart63,SubpartJJ;Wood  &p!$  FurnitureManufacturingOperationsBackgroundInformationforFinal  '\"% Standards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,North  Carolina(EPA453/R95018b).2G b ݌ ` (#` (#     "0 ` PrintingandPublishingIndustry,40CFRPart63,SubpartKK;Printingand t PublishingIndustryBackgroundInformationforProposedStandards,U.S. ` EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R95002a). ` (#` (#   "0 ` PrintingandPublishingIndustry,40CFRPart63,SubpartKK;Printingand  ` PublishingIndustryBackgroundInformationforPromulgatedStandards,U.S.  L  EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R96005b). ` (#` (# &    "0 ` PressureSensitiveTapeandLabelSurfaceCoatingIndustry,40CFRPart60,   SubpartRR;PressureSensitiveTapeandLabelSurfaceCoatingIndustry   BackgroundInformationforProposedStandards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection   Agency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA-450/380003a).' ` (#` (# &    "0 ` FlexibleVinylCoatingandUrethaneCoatingandPrintingOperations,40CFR H Part60,SubpartFFF;FlexibleVinylCoatingandPrintingOperations 4 BackgroundInformationforProposedStandards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtection  p Agency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA450/381016a). ` (#` (#   2  27"0 `   'HMagneticTapeManufacturingIndustry,40CFRPart60,SubpartSSS;Magnetic 4 TapeManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforProposedStandards,   U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA450/385029a).27R݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2"0 `   MagneticTapeManufacturingIndustry,40CFRPart60,SubpartSSS;Magnetic  TapeManufacturingIndustryBackgroundInformationforPromulgatedStandards,FinalEIS,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTriangle X  Park,NorthCarolina(EPA450/385029b).2݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  0  2  2"0` (#(#  MagneticTapeManufacturingOperations,40CFRPart63,SubpartEE; #l! HazardousAirPollutantEmissionsfromMagneticTapeManufacturing $X" OperationsBackgroundInformationforProposedStandards,U.S. $D # EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R93059).2݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2"0 `   MagneticTapeManufacturingOperations,40CFRPart63,SubpartEE; (#' HazardousAirPollutantEmissionsfromMagneticTapeManufacturing )$(  OperationsBackgroundInformationforPromulgatedStandards,U.S. |*%) EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R94074b).#X̜XX X=# X=XXX̜2݌` (#` (#     2  2""0 `   PolymericCoatingofSupportingSubstrates,40CFRPart60,SubpartVVV; t PolymericCoatingofSupportingSubstratesBackgroundInformationfor ` ProposedStandards,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTriangle L  Park,NorthCarolina(EPA450/385022a).2"=݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    2  2"0 `   BeyondVOCRACTCTGRequirements,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,  ` ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina(EPA453/R95010).#X̜XX X=# X=XXX̜2݌ L ` (#` (# Ќ    TheOfficeofResearchandDevelopmentreportonpollutionpreventionmeasuresforcleaningoperationsP  #  9     mayalsobeusefulforotherpotentialsourcesofHAPemissions.Also,the   AlternativeControlTechniquesDocumentIndustrialCleaningSolventsRT  #  10     maybebeneficialin   determiningalternatecontrolmethods.#X̜XX X= #    ^) V.  SUMMARYOFCOMMENTS     r   ToBeAddedr s   s s Onecommentwasreceivedconcernings t amisreferencetoanappendix.Thecorrectionwasmadetothetext.t      r *r  7̜XXdXXd7@%APPENDIXA@VV%DEFINITIONS  `    O^7̜XXdXXd7DEFINITIONS  $  ThefollowingaredefinitionsofimportanttermsestablishedduringthedevelopmentofthePMACTcontroloptionsphase:Addoncontroldevicemeansanairpollutioncontroldeviceinstalledattheendofaprocessvent p exhauststackorstacksthatreducesthequantityofapollutantthatisemittedtotheair.Thedevicemaydestroyorsecurethepollutantforsubsequentrecovery.Examplesareincinerators,condensers,carbonadsorbers,andbioreactorunitswhichreducethepollutioninanexhaustgas.Transferequipmentandductworkarenotconsideredinandofthemselvesaddonairpollutioncontroldevices.Thecontroldeviceusuallydoesnotaffecttheprocessbeingcontrolledandthusis"addon"technologyasopposedtoaschemetocontrolpollutionthroughmakingsomealterationtothebasicprocess.Affectedsourcemeans,withreferencetoastationarysource,anyapparatustowhichastandardis 0  applicable.Anyoperationorprocesslinethatissubjecttoaregulationorstandard.Asappliedmeanstheconditionofacoatingatthetimeofapplicationtothesubstrate,including  anythinningsolventoranyotheradditives.Batchmeanstheproductofanindividualproductionrunofacoatingmanufacturer'sprocess.A  batchmayvaryincompositionfromotherbatchesofthesameproduct.Capturemeansthecontainmentorrecoveryofemissionsfromaprocessfordirectionintoaduct, P whichmaybeexhaustedthroughastackorsenttoanabatementorrecoverydevicebeforeexitingthroughastack.CleanAirActTheCleanAirAct,asamendedinNovember1990,providesthefoundationfor ` EPAseffortstoimproveairquality.TheCleanAirAct,buildingonearlierlegislation,waspassedin1970. @ Cleaningactivitymeanstheactionusedtocleanasubstrate.Thistermfocusesonhowthe   substrateisbeingcleaned,andincludesactionssuchaswiping,brushing,flushing,spraying,ordipping.Cleaningofpartsmeanssolventengulfstheentiresurfaceoftheitem(part)asitisdippedina $" containerofsolvent,orthepartiscleanedabovethecontainerbyacleaningactivitysuchassprayingorwiping.Equipment,the"unitoperation,"wherethismighttakeplace,includespartwashers,batchloadedcoldcleaners,ultrasoniccleaners,andspraygunwashers.Cleaningoperationmeansaunitoperationinwhichasubstrateiscleaned.Thistermfocuseson @)$' whatisbeingcleaned(e.g.,sprayboothcleaningoperationorpartscleaningoperation).Cleaningmaybeperformedtoprepareasurfaceforcoatingorforotherpurposes. ,`'* Cleaningsolventmeansanorganicsolventusedforcleaning.  Coaterorcoatingapplicatormeanstheapparatususedtoapplyacoatingtoacontinuousbase  substrate.  Coatingmeansaprotective,decorative,orfunctionalo o  film  layer o o o o  ofa  material applied asathinlayer o o toasubstrateor `  o o surface  * .Theappliedcoatingcurestoform,formostmaterials*  ,  andwhichcurestoform o o acontinuoussolido o film+ (seePrimer,Topcoat)+ .o o Thistermoftenappliestopaintssuchaslacquersorenamels,butalsoappliestoothercoatingsthatdonothavearesin.Adhesivesandcaulksarebeingtreatedascoatings.Coatingapplicationmeanstheprocessbywhichthecoatingisappliedtothebasesubstrate. `  Coatingapplicationstationmeansthepartofacoatingoperationwherethecoatingisapplied. @  Inasprayoperation,itisthesprayboothandisdistinguishedfromtheflashoffareaandoven. 0  Coatinglinemeansanynumberorcombinationofcoatingapplicators,flashoffareas,andovens  whichcoatasubstrate.Coatingoperationmeans,forthepurposesofthisdocument,thoseactivitiesinwhichacoating  isappliedtoasubstrateandissubsequentlyairdried,curedinanoven,orcuredbyradiation.Coatingsolidsmeansthepartofthecoatingwhichremainsafterthecoatingisdriedorcured; ` solids(nonvolatile)contentiso o  reportedbasedontestdataorformulationdata determinedusingdatafromEPAMethod24,oranequivalentoralternativemethod .o o ConstructedMajorSourcemeans(1)tofabricate,erect,orinstallatanygreenfieldsitea 0 stationarysourceorgroupofstationarysourceswhichislocatedwithinacontiguousareaandundercommoncontrolandwhichemitsorhasthepotentialtoemit10tonsperyearofanyHAPor25tonsperyearofanycombinationofHAP,or(2)tofabricate,erect,orinstallatanydevelopedsiteanewprocessorproductionunitwhichinandofitselfemitsorhasthepotentialtoemit10tonsperyearofanyHAPor25tonsperyearofanycombinationofHAP.... 0 Controlmeanstheabatementofpollutantswhichmightbeexhaustedintotheatmosphere.It ! oftenreferstothecollectionordestructionefficiencyusingvarioustechnologies,includingincineratorsorcarbonadsorbersasopposedtocaptureofthepollutantsintothedevice.Controldevice(seeAddoncontroldevice) % # ControlTechniquesGuidelines(CTG)meansaseriesofdocumentspreparedbytheEPAto `'"% assiststatesindefiningreasonablyavailablecontroltechnology(RACT)formajorsourcesofvolatileorganiccompound(VOC)material.Thedocumentsprovideinformationontheeconomicandtechnologicalfeasibilityofavailabletechniquesand,insomecases,suggestlimitsonVOCemissions. ,`'* CureVolatilesmeansreactionproductswhichareemittedduringthechemicalreactionwhich  takesplaceinsomecoatingfilmsatthecuretemperature.Theseemissionsareotherthanthosefromthesolventsinthecoatingandmay,insomecases,compriseasignificantportionoftotalVOCand/orvolatileHAPemissions.Dipcoatingmeansamethodofapplyingacoatinginwhichthesubstrateisdippedintoatankof `  coatingandthenwithdrawn.Electrodeposition(Electrocoat)meansadipcoatingmethodinwhichanelectricfieldisusedto 0  promotethedepositionofthecoatingontothepart.Thepartbeingpaintedactsastheelectrodewhichisoppositelychargedfromthecoatingparticlesinthediptank.Electrostaticsprayisproducedwhenoppositeelectricalchargesareappliedtothesubstrateand @  thecoating.Thecoatingisattractedtotheobjectbytheelectrostaticpotentialbetweenthem.Thecoatingmaybeappliedbyeitheraspraygun(nonrotationalmethod)oragunwitharotatingbellordiskapplicator(rotationalmethod).EmissionreductionmeansthedecreaseinHAPorVOCmaterialemittedwhen(1)analteration  ismadetothebasicoperationorprocessor(2)anaddoncontroldevice(suchasacarbonadsorberorincinerator)isused.Emissionreductionisoftenexpressedasapercentage.  Exemptcompoundmeansspecificorganiccompoundsthatarenotconsideredvolatileorganic ` compoundsduetonegligiblephotochemicalreactivity.Exemptcompoundsarespecifiedin40CFR51.100(s).Existingsourcemeansanystationarysourceofairpollutionotherthananewsource.  p Facilitymeansallcontiguousoradjoiningpropertythatisundercommonownershiporcontrol, P includingpropertiesthatareseparatedonlybyaroadorotherpublicrightofway.Filmthicknessmeansthethicknessofthedrycuredcoatingonthesubstrate.   Flashoffareameanstheportionofacoatingoperationbetweenthecoaterandthedryingoven "  wheresolventbeginstoevaporatefromthecoatedbasesubstrate.Fugitiveemissionsmeansemissionsthatdonotpassthroughastackorductthatallowsfortheir % # measurement.HAPorHazardousAirPollutantmeansanyairpollutantlistedinorpursuanttoSection112(b) P(#& oftheCleanAirAct.  0*%( Highersolids(nonvolatiles)coatingmeanscoatingscontainingaconsiderablyhighersolids  contentthanconventionalcoatings.Thesecoatingstypicallycontaingreaterthan60percentsolidsbyvolume. Highvolumelowpressure(HVLP)sprayequipmentmeanssprayequipmentthatisusedtoapply p coatingbymeansofaspraygunthatoperatesat69.0kPa(10.0psig)orlessofatomizingairpressureattheaircap.Majorsourcemeansanysourcethatemitsorhasthepotentialtoemit9.1megagrams(10tons) 0  peryearormoreofanyoneHAPor22.7megagrams(25tons)peryearormoreofanycombinationofHAP.Materialbalancemeansacalculationbasedonconservationofmass(i.e.,themassofmaterial @  goingintoaunitoperationisequaltothemassofmaterialwhichleavestheunitoperation).Thiscalculationisoftenusedtoestimatevolatileemissions.MetalFurnituremeanssuchitems(orcomponentparts)ashousehold,office,institutional,  laboratory,hospital,publicbuilding,restaurant,barberandbeautyshop,anddentalfurniture;officeandstorefixtures,partitions,shelvingandlockers;commercial,industrial,andinstitutionallightingfixtures;andwastebasketsusinganycombinationofthefollowingoperations:rawmaterialpreparation,cleaning,coatingmixingandstorage,coatingapplication,coatingcuringordrying,andwastewaterhandlingandtreatment.Newsourcemeansanystationarysourcetheconstructionorreconstructionofwhichcommences @ afteraspecifieddate,usuallytheproposalorpromulgationofanapplicablestandardofperformance.  p NewSourcePerformanceStandard(NSPS)meansstandardsforemissionofairpollutantsfrom P new,modified,orreconstructedstationaryemissionsourceswhichreflectsthedegreeofemissionlimitationachievablethroughtheapplicationofthebestsystemofemissionreductionwhich(takingintoaccountthecostofachievingsuchreduction)theAdministratordetermineshasbeenadequatelydemonstrated.TheCleanAirActusuallyreferstotheseasstandardsofperformancefornewstationarysources.Nonvolatilesorsolidsmeansthenonvolatileportionofthecoatingthatafterdryingmakesupthe $" dryfilm.Ovenmeansachamberwhichusesheatorirradiationtobake,cure,polymerize,ordryasurface `'"% coating.PollutionPreventionmeanspracticesorprocesschangesthatdecreaseoreliminatethecreation 0*%(  ofemissionsorwasteatthesourceofpollution(e.g.,apaintspraybooth).Suchprevention  +p&) techniquesincludeuseofnewmaterials,modificationofequipment,andchangesinworkpracticesthatresultinemissionreductionatthesource. PotentialtoEmitmeansthemaximumcapacityofastationarysourcetoemitapollutantunder  itsphysicalandoperationaldesign.Anyphysicaloroperationallimitationonthestationarysourcetoemitapollutant,includingairpollutioncontrolequipmentandrestrictionsonhoursofoperationoronthetypeoramountofmaterialcombusted,stored,orprocessedshallbetreatedaspartofitsdesignifthelimitationortheeffectitwouldhaveonemissionsisfederallyenforceable.Powdercoatingmeansanycoatingappliedasadry(withoutsolventorothercarrier),finely `  dividedsolidwhichadherestothesubstrateasacontinuousfilmwhenmeltedandfused.Process(processline)meanstheaggregateofunitoperationsnecessaryforproducingaproduct. 0  Theemissionsfromaprocessincludesallsourcesofairemissions(e.g.,storage,transfer,handling,mixing,painting,andpackaging).ReasonablyAvailableControlTechnology(RACT)meansthelowestemissionlimitthata  particularsourceiscapableofmeetingbytheapplicationofcontroltechnologythatisreasonablyavailableconsideringtechnologicalandeconomicfeasibility.RACTisusuallyappliedtoexistingsourcesinnonattainmentareasandinmostcasesislessstringentthannewsourceperformancestandards.ReconstructedMajorSourcemeansthereplacementofcomponentsatanexistingprocessor @ productionunitthatinandofitselfemitsorhasthepotentialtoemit10tonsperyearofanyHAPor25tonsperyearofanycombinationofHAP,whenever:(1)thefixedcapitalcostsofthenewcomponentsexceed50percentofthefixedcapitalcostthatwouldberequiredtoconstructacomparableprocessorproductionunit;and(2)itistechnicallyandeconomicallyfeasibleforthereconstructedmajorsourcetomeettheapplicablemaximumachievablecontroltechnologyemissionlimitationfornewsourcesestablishedunderthissubpart.SIC/NAICScodesreferstotheStandardIndustrialClassificationcodes(1987)andtheir ! replacements,theNorthAmericanIndustrialClassificationSystemcodes.FormoreinformationonSICandNAICScodes,visitthefollowingInternetsite:http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html $" Solids(seeNonvolatilesorsolids) p&!$ Solventmeanstheliquidorblendofliquidsusedtodissolveordispersethefilmforming P(#& particlesinacoatingandwhichevaporateduringdrying.Atruesolventisasingleliquidthatcandissolvethecoating.Solventisoftenusedtodescribeterpenes,hydrocarbons,oxygenatedcompounds,furans,nitroparaffins,andchlorinatedsolvents. ,`'* Surfacecoatingoperationmeanstheapplicationofao o  film  coating whicho o coversthesurfaceofan  object.Theprojectiscollectingdataonprotectiveoils.However,nodecisionhasbeenmaderegardingwhethertheywillberegulated.Surfacepreparationmeanstheremovalofcontaminantsfromthesurfaceofasubstrateor p componentortheactivationorreactivationofthesurfaceinpreparationfortheapplicationofacoating. P  Thermalincineratormeansadeviceforoxidizingwastematerialviaflameandheat.This 0  contrastswithacatalyticincineratorwhichincorporatesacatalysttoaidthecombustion.Transferefficiencymeanstheratiooftheamountofcoatingsolids(nonvolatiles)depositedonto P  thesurfaceofthecoatedparttothetotalamountofcoatingsolidsused.Treatmentmeansanymethod,technology,orprocessdesignedtoremovesolidsand/or   pollutantsfromsolidorliquidwastes,wastestreams,effluents,orairemissions.Unitoperationmeansanindustrialoperation,classifiedorgroupedaccordingtoitsfunctionin  anoperatingenvironment(i.e.,apaintmixingvessel,aspraybooth,etc.).Unitoperationsystem(UOS)meanstheensembleofequipmentaroundwhichamaterialbalance p isperformed.The"boundary"ofaUOSmayincludeoneormoreunitoperations(e.g.,acoatinglineoracoatinglineplusmixingtanks).WhatconstitutesaUOSforpresentingemissions/wastedataneedstobedefinedonanindustrybyindustrybasis.However,commonUOSsmaybefoundacrossindustries.Volatileorganiccompound(VOC)meansanycompounddefinedasVOCin40CFR51.100(s). ` ThisincludesanyorganiccompoundotherthanthosedeterminedbytheEPAtobeanexemptcompound.Volumepercentsolidsmeanstheportionofacoatingwhichremainsaspartofthecuredfilm   expressedaspercentbyvolume.Wastewatermeansanyprocesswatersorcleaningwatersleavingtheprocessunit. #!   $" 7̜XXdXXd7 @%APPENDIXB@   LISTOFSTAKEHOLDERS @*  0  XXHTRP'3 Letter LandscapeY3' Letter '3 Letter Landscape 3' LetterTSO7̜XXdXXd7*"dSddd dd dd dd L"QX81X81,dd ,dd ,m dd ,dd ," dd +  +!  +METALFURNITUREPMACTEPA/INDUSTRY/STATESWORKTEAM H"""7'T"   HHXX̜Name ;""*"""" ;Company ;""*""" ;MailingAddress ;""*""" ;Telephone/FaxNumber ;""*""" ;emailAddress @6$"  "" @EPARepresentatives <""-"t  " <MohamedSerageldin 7"*  "" 7U.S.EPA 7"*  " 7OAQPS/ESD/CCPG(MD13)ResearchTrianglePark,NC27711 7"* " 7(919)5412379fax(919)5415689 7"* " 7serageldin.mohamed@epamail.epa.gov 9"* " 9KarenBorel 4* D " 4U.S.EPA ' D  'AirPermitsBranch61ForsythStreetAtlanta,GA30303 '  '(404)5624300fax(404)5629019 '  'borel.karen@epamail.epa.gov ," D  ,KathyDavey 4*0 " 4U.S.EPA '0  'OPPTSOPPTPPDMailCode7409401MStreet,S.W.Washington,DC20460 '8  '(202)2602290fax(202)2600178 ' " 'davey.kathy@epamail.epa.gov ,"0 # ,BobRose 4*$" 4U.S.EPA '% 'OSDBUMailCode1230C401MStreet,S.W.Washington,D.C.20460 '<) '(202)5649744fax(202)5652078 '\+ 'rose.bob@epamail.epa.gov ,", ,ScottThrowe 4*H-" 4U.S.EPA 'H. 'OECAMailCode2223A401MStreet,S.W.Washington,D.C.20460 '2 '(202)5647013fax(202)5640050 '`4 'throwe.scott@epamail.epa.gov ,"H5 ,EricWilkinson 4*L6" 4U.S.EPA 'L7 'OPPTS/PPDMailCode7409401MStreet,S.W.Washington,D.C.20460 'T; '(202)2603575fax(202)2600178 '= 'wilkinson.eric@eapmail.epa.gov.$L> .Consultants <"-"< " <DavidHendricks 4*(" 4EC/RIncorporated '  '2327EnglertDriveSuite100Durham,NC27713 '(  '(919)4840222ext.335fax(919)4840122 '( 'ecrrtp@mindspring.com ,"  ,KarenHolmes 4*" 4EC/RIncorporated ' '2327EnglertDriveSuite100Durham,NC27713 ' '(919)4840222ext.310fax(919)4840122 ' 'ecrrtp@mindspring.com .$ .StateRepresentatives <"-" " <KenBarrett 4*\ " 4AlabamaDEM '\  'AirDivisionP.O.Box301463Montgomery,AL361301463 'l  '(334)2717870fax(334)2793044 '$ " ' ,"\ # ,DanBelik 4*H$" 4BayAreaAQMD 'H% '939EllisStreetSanFrancisco,CA94109 '' '(415)7494786fax(415)9280338 ') ' ,"H* ,BobColby 4*l+" 4Chattanooga/HamiltonCountyAirPollutionControlBureau '|. '3511RossvilleBoulevardChattanooga,TN374072495 '40 '(423)8674321fax(423)8674348 '42 ' ,"l3 ,*StanCowen 4*X4" 4VenturaCountyAPCD 'X5 '669CountySquareDriveVentura,CA93003 ' 7 '(805)6451408fax(805)6451444 ' 9 ' ,"X: ,SusanHoyle 4*|;" 4PennsylvaniaBureauofAirQuality 'D = '400MarketStreet12thFloorHarrisburg,PA171058468 ' !@ '(717)7879257fax(717)7722303 'D B ' /" |C /LeeHuo 7-d" 7 SanJoaquinValleyUnifiedAPCD 4* , 41999TuolumneSuite200Fresno,CA93721 't  '(209)4971075fax(209)2330140 *  , * 9"*d  9DickJohnson 4* P " 4PlacerCountyAPCD ' P  '11464BAvenueDewittCenterAuburn,CA95603 '`  '(916530)8897130fax(916530)8897107 '  ' ," P ,JimmyJohnson 4*<" 4GeorgiaDepartmentofNaturalResources *" *AirProtectionBranch4244InternationalParkwaySuite120Atlanta,GA30354 7"*" 7(404)3637127fax(404)3637100 7"*" 7 9"*<" 9MarthaLee 4*p " 4SacramentoMetropolitanAPCD *"8  *8411JacksonRoadSacramento,CA95826 7"*8 " 7(916)3866660fax(916)3866674 7"*8 "" 7 9"*p #" 9FredLettice 4* $" 4SouthCoastAQMD *" % *21865EastCopleyDriveDiamandBar,CA91765 7"*\ '" 7(909)3962576fax(909)3962608 7"*\ )" 7 9"* *" 9*ChristyMyers 4*8+" 4AlabamaDEM *"8, *AirDivisionP.O.Box301463Montgomery,AL361301463 7"*H/" 7(334)2717861fax(334)2793044 7"*1" 7 9"*82" 9*HankNaour 4*$3" 4IllinoisEPA '$4 'BureauofAirP.OBox19506Springfield,IL627949506 '47 '(217)7851716fax(217)5245023 'l9 ' ,"$: ,*VenkataPanchakarla 4*;" 4FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection 'X= 'MailStation#55002600BlairStoneRoadTallahassee,FL32399 ' @ '(850)4880114fax(850)9226979 'XB 'panchakarla_v@dep.state.fl.us ,"C ,JohnPatten 4*|D" 4TennesseeDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation ' !G 'DivisionofAirPollutionControlL&CAnnex,NinthFloor401ChurchStreetNashville,TN372431531 '!TK '(615)5320554fax(615)5320614 'D M ' /" |N /*JohnRamsey 7-d" 7 KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment 4* , 4ForbesField,Building740Topeka,KS66620 ' , '(913)2961593fax(913)2961545 *  , * 9"*d 9*FrankSt.Clair 4*  " 4MojaveDesertAQMD '   '15428CivicDriveSuite200Victorville,CA923922383 '   '(760)2451661x6101fax(760)2452022 ' P ' ,"  ,DougWagner 4* t" 4IndianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalManagement *" *OfficeofAirManagement100NorthSenateP.O.Box6015Indianapolis,IN462066015 7"*L" 7(317)2320286fax(317)2326749 7"*<" 7 9"* t" 9*RichardWales 4*( " 4MojaveDesertAntelopeValleyAPCD *"p  *15428CivicDriveSuite200Victorville,CA923922383 7"*8 !" 7(760)2451661fax(760)2452699 7"*p #" 7 ;1( $" ;IndustryRepresentatives <"-"$ '" <ThomasAshley 4*(" 4CharlestonForge ') '251IndustrialParkDriveBoone,NC28607 'H+ '(704)2640100fax(704)2645901 'H- ' ,". ,ClydeBlaco 4*$/" 4NASFM '$0 '3595SheridanStreetSuite200Hollywood,FL33021 '43 '(954)8937300ext.27(954)8937500 'l5 ' ,"$6 ,SteveByrne 4*7" 4Cytec '8 '1300Mt.KembleAvenueMorristown,NJ07960 'X: '(973)4258406fax(973)4250185 'X< 'steve_byrne@gm.cytec.com ,"= ,AndyCounts 4*4>" 4AmericanFurnitureManufacturersAssociation 'D A 'P.O.BoxHP7HighPoint,NC27261 '|C '(910336)8845000fax(910336)8845303 '|E 'acounts@ng.infi.net ,"4F ,MickDurham 4*d" 4StanleyEnvironmental 'd '225IowaAvenue  Muscatine,IA52761 ' , '(319)2646342fax(319)2646658 ' , 'durhammick@stanleygroup.com /" d /WilliamEnglish 7- " 7PPGIndustries 4*   4OnePPGPlacePittsburgh,PA15272 ' P  '(412)4343198fax(412)4343705 *  P  * 9"*  9KenGabele 4*, " 4TheSherwinWilliamsCompany *" t *101ProspectAvenue,N.W.Cleveland,OH441151075 7"* t" 7(216)5663316fax(216)5562920 7"* t" 7klgabele@sherwin.com 9"*, " 9WaltHammond 4*P" 4ThomasvilleFurnitureIndustries *" *P.O.Box339Thomasville,NC273610339 7"*" 7(910)4762263fax(910)4724080 7"*" 7 9"*P" 9MadelynHarding 4*t" 4TheSherwinWilliamsCompany '< ! '101ProspectAvenue,N.W.Cleveland,OH441151075 '< # '(216)5662630fax(216)5562730 '< % 'mkharding@sherwin.com ,"t& ,MaryHusted 4* '" 4Husted&Associates ' ( 'P.O.Box5256HighPoint,NC27262 '` * '(910336)8693097fax(910336)8693031 '` , ' ," - ,MichaelJonas 4*< ." 4LozierCorporation '< / '6336PershingDriveOmaha,NE68110 '1 '(402)4578497fax(402)4578554 '3 'mjonas@compuserve.com ,"< 4 ,GlenKedzie 4*`5" 4NationalPaintandCoatingsAssociation '(7 '1500RhodeIslandAvenue,NWWashington,DC20005 '(9 '(202)4626272fax(202)3280688 '(; 'gkedzie@paint.org ,"`< ,ScottLesnet 4*=" 4HONIndustries '> 'SM4TechnicalCenter505FordAvenueMuscatine,IA52761 'A '(319)2627865fax(319)2627899 'LC ' ,"D ,DianeLuo 4*pE" 4Pelton&Crane 'pF '11727FruehaufDriveCharlotte,NC28241 '8H '(704)5877294fax(704)5877214 '8J 'dluo@smspelton.sms.siemens.com ,"pK ,ArchieMarntz 4*L" 4LillyIndustries 'M 'P.O.Box2358HighPoint,NC27261 '\O '(910336)8024326(910336)8892157fax(910336)8896007 ' $R ' ,"S ,JefferyMasi 4*d" 4 Allsteel,Inc. 'd '71DentonFlyRoadMilan,TN ' , '(901)6864116fax(901)6864120 ' , ' ,"d ,RichardMathis 4* " 4MetalCreations '   'P.O.Box1104HighPoint,NC27261 ' P  '(910336)8892083fax(910336)8852442 ' P  ' ,""  , /" ~ /DaveMazzocco 7"*, "" 7 7-("" 7PPGIndustries 7"*, " 7 4*(" 44325RosannaDriveAllisonPark,PA15101 7"* t" 7 4*p" 4(412)4925476fax(412)4925377 7"* t" 7 7-p" 7mazzocco@ppg.com 9"*, " 9MichaelMcMullen 4*P" 4AmericanSeatingCompany ' '401AmericanSeatingCenterGrandRapids,MI49504 ' '(616)7326650fax(616)7326401 ' ' ,"P ,BradMiller 4*t" 4BIFMAInternational 't '2680HorizonDrive,SESuiteA1GrandRapids,MI49546 ' " '(616)2853963fax(616)2853765 '< $ 'bmiller@bifma.com ,"t% ,BobNelson 4*` &" 4NationalPaintandCoatingsAssociation '( ( '1500RhodeIslandAvenue,NWWashington,DC20005 '( * '(202)4626272fax(202)4628549 '( , 'bnelson@paint.org ,"` - ,LarryRunyan 4*." 4AmericanFurnitureManufacturersAssociation '1 'P.O.BoxHP7HighPoint,NC27261 'L3 '(910)8845000fax(910)8845303 'L5 'lfrun@aoi.com ,"6 ,StanSchmitt 4*88" 4Kimball,Inc. 'p9 '1155West12thAvenueJasper,IN47549 '8; '(812)6343274fax(812)6343250 '8= 'staschm@kimball.email.com ,"p> ,DarrinSculley 4*?" 4Steelcase,Inc. *"@ *P.O.Box1967MailCode:PSGrandRapids,MI49501 7"*$C" 7(616)2471967fax(616)2469191 7"*\E" 7dsculley@steelcase.com 9"*F" 9JimSell 4*G" 4NationalPaintandCoatingsAssociation *"HI *1500RhodeIslandAvenue,NWWashington,DC20005 7"*HK" 7(202)4626272fax(202)4628549 7"*HM" 7jsell@paint.org 9"*N" 9RonTucker 4* $O" 4LillyIndustries *" $P *2137BrevardRoadHighPoint,NC27261 7"*l!R" 7(910336)8024337fax(910336)8896007 7"*l!T" 7 9"* $U" 9BobWood 4*d" 4 LexingtonFurnitureIndustries *" , *P.O.Box1008Boone,NC27293 7"* ," 7(910336)2495316o o fax(910336)o o o o 2495588 7"* ," 7bwood@infoave.net 9"*d" 9BernardZysman 4*  " 4OccidentalChemical *"   *P.O.Box344NiagaraFalls,NY14302 7"* P " 7(716)2787894fax(716)2787297 7"* P" 7bernie_zysman@oxy.com#X XmBs#/%#  ; " /   8 TRY3' LetterP'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter '3 Letter LandscapeT7 XXdXXd7 @%APPENDIXC@ STATEREGULATIONSUMMARY  P    VYS7 XXdXXd7*K"d<ddd dd m dd dd " dd "X%X%,dd ,dd +  "  > "  STATE 2 !d   2  METALFURNITURESURFACECOATINGLIMITS 9/$d     9CAlabama '&  '0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds '  'Arkansas ' \ 'clearcoatings0.52kg/l(4.3lb/gal),extremeperformancecoatings0.42kg/l(3.5lb/gal),allothercoatings0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds&&XX  z <  #X X&&O#BayAreaAQMD   (California)    bakedcoatings275grams/liter(2.3lb/gal),airdriedcoatings340grams/liter(2.8lb/gal),specialtycoatingsarebrokenintofivecategorieswithdifferentlimitsforbothbakedandairdried    SanDiegoCountyAPCD(California)  R  Generalairdriedcoatings340grams/liter(2.8lb/gal),Generalbakedcoatings275grams/liter(2.3lb/gal),22specialtycoatingswithdifferentlimitsforbothbakedandairdried  B  SouthCoastAQMD(California)  x Generalairdriedcoatings340grams/liter(2.8lb/gal),Generalbakedcoatings275grams/liter(2.3lb/gal),22specialtycoatingswithdifferentlimitsforbothbakedandairdried,separateadhesivelimits  h Colorado  * 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds   Connecticut  ` 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  P Delaware   0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  ! Florida   H" 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied   H# Georgia   "$ 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds(5.06lbVOC/galofcoatingsolidsdeliveredtotheapplicator)  #' Hawaii  n%0( 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied  n%0) Illinois  &* airdriedcoatings0.34kg/liter(2.8lb/gal),bakedcoatings0.28kg/liter(2.3lb/gal)  ' , Iowa  f)("- 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied  f)(". Indiana  *#/ 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  +$1 Kansas  & d 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexempt compounds   T Kentucky    0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompoundsornomorethan15percentbyweightofnetinputVOCdischarged  z  Louisiana  < 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  ,  Maine  r  0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  b  Massachusetts  $  5.1lbVOC/galofsolidsapplied,dailyweightedaverageonanindividualcoatingline    Michigan  Z  0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompoundsor8.4lbVOC/galofappliedcoatingsolids  J Minnesota    0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied    Missouri  R 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  B Nebraska   VOCambientairqualitystandard235micrograms/cubicmeter(0.12ppm)asamaximum1hourconcentrationnottobeexceededmorethanonedayayear   Nevada  * h 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied  * h NewHampshire  ! 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  "! NewJersey  "$`" 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  %P$ NewYork  &% 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  '' NorthCarolina   )H ( 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  )8!* NorthDakota  ~+"+ 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied  ~+", Ohio  & d 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexempt compoundsor5.1lbVOC/galifacontrolsystemisemployed(specificcriteriaforcontrolsystem)   D Oklahoma    sevencoatingtypeswithrangeoflimits4.86.5lbVOC/galofcoating,excludingwater,deliveredtoapplicator,TulsaCountyhasseparatelimits  j Oregon  ,  0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds    Pennsylvania  b  0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  R  RhodeIsland    0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds,equivalentto5.06lbVOC/galsolids    SouthCarolina  J 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  :x Tennessee   0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds   Texas  2p 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  "` Utah   0.3kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds   Vermont  !X DailyweightedaveragelimitofVOCcontentto3.5lbVOC/galorlessofcoating,asapplied,excludingwaterandexemptcompounds   "H  Virginia  #! 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  ~$# WestVirginia  &@$ 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  &0& Wisconsin  v(' 0.36kgVOC/litercoating(3.0lb/gal),excludingwaterandexemptcompounds  f) ) Wyoming  *("* 0.90kgVOC/literofcoatingsolidsapplied *("+ +    ,H#+  V7 XXdXXd7@%APPENDIXD@ APPLICABLEMETALFURNITUREPRODUCTGROUPS  p  ZY7 XXdXXd7  &&XX @  TABLED1.METALFURNITUREPRODUCTGROUPS  @ ANDMANUFACTURINGSICCODES *fK"d,ddd dd K"X%X%f, dd ,z dd ,dd +  + " h +Title @ @ "-|" " @ProductDescription > -|" " >RelevantSICCode 4"!V "  4MetalHouseholdFurniture +"  " +Bookcases,Chairs,Tables,Swings,KitchenCabinets,MedicalCabinets,CampFurniture,FramesforBoxsprings,Cribs,Cots,GardenFurniture,ServingCarts G=R " @2514@G2514 M":8  @2514 @ MOfficeFurniture,ExceptWood +" " +Bookcases,Chairs,Tables,Desks,FileCabinets,WallCases,Partitions,ModularFurniture,Benches G=t " @2522@G2522 M":8  @2522 @ MPublicBuildingandRelatedFurniture +" " +Benches,PortableBleacherSeating,StadiumSeating,TheaterSeating,SchoolFurniture,ChurchFurniture#X X&&>#&&XX  G=" ƣ@2531ƣ@G2531 P"=82  ƣ@2531 ƣ@ POfficeandStoreFixtures,Partitions,Shelving,andLockers,ExceptWood ."" .Cabinets,Counters,DisplayCases,DisplayFixtures,BarFixtures,Shelving,Showcases,SortingRacks,LunchroomFixtures G="" ܣ@2542ܣ@ G2542H><T# ܣ@2542  ܣ@  H#X X&&O#Ԁ # &&XX #X X&&#  0' &&XX @   TABLED2.RELATEDMETALFURNITUREPRODUCTGROUPS  @ ANDMANUFACTURINGSICCODES   *wK"dd dd z dd dd K"X%X%w, dd",z dd",dd"+  )  h )Title @ "-|"  @ProductDescription > -|" " >SICCode 4*|"  4FurnitureandFixtures,NotElsewhereClassified 0"   0HospitalBeds,BowlingCenterFurniture,CafeteriaFurniture,FactoryFurniture,ShipFurniture,RestaurantCarts YO  " N@2599N@Y2599 VLA :  N@2599 N@ VHardware,NotElsewhereClassified 0" 6  0FurnitureHardware,ConvertibleBedMechanisms YO 6 " ʪ@3429ʪ@Y3429 VLA \ ʪ@3429 ʪ@ VMetalStampings,NotElsewhereClassified 0".~  0Wastebaskets,StampedMetal YOT " @3469@Y3469 VLAT  @3469 @ VWireSprings 0"  0FurnitureSprings,SpringUnitsforSeats YO " N@3495N@Y3495 VLA  N@3495 N@ VFabricatedMetalProducts,NotElsewhereClassified 0"4 0MetalChairFrames,MetalFurnitureParts YO Z" V@3499V@Y3499 VLA Z V@3499 V@ VResidentialElectricLightingFixtures 0",| 0Chandeliers(Residential),FloorLamps,Lamps(Residential),WallLamps,DeskLamps,LampShades(Metal),TableLamps `"O0#" z@3645z@`3645 VLAR$ z@3645 z@" VCommercial,Industrial,andInstitutionalElectricLightingFixtures 0"R' 0Chandeliers(Commercial),DeskLamps `"ON(" |@3646|@`3646 VLAN) |@3646 |@" VLaboratoryApparatusandFurniture 0"J+ 0LaboratoryFurniture,Benches,Tables,Cabinets YOJ-" ڭ@3821ڭ@Y3821 VLAp. ڭ@3821 ڭ@ VDentalEquipmentandSupplies 0"/ 0DentalCabinets,DentistsChairs YO0" @3843@Y3843 VLA1 @3843 @ VManufacturingIndustries,NotElsewhereClassified 0"!P3 0BeautyShopandBarberShopFurniture YO& v4" >@3999>@Y3999 YOA& v5 >@3999 >@ YReupholsteryandFurnitureRepair @"-n"6 @FurnitureRepair/Refinishing,AntiqueRepairRestoration YOH#8" ٽ@7641ٽ@Y7641QGEn"9 ٽ@7641 ٽ@ Q#X X&&##Ԁ&&XX  R$9 #X X&&#&&XX   B% :  @ TABLED3.METALFURNITUREPRODUCTDESCRIPTIONS  @ ANDCORRESPONDINGSICANDNAICSCODES#X X&&# &&XX Ԉ  *w"d d dd"z dd"dd"K"X%X%w,A dd ,dd ,dd ," dd +  & d &#X X&&#&&XX  @ "-"" @  ProductDescription > -6  " >1987SICCode ; * `  ;Equivalent1997NAICSCode = * :   =Equivalent1997NAICSProductDescription 4 "! `   4MetalHouseholdFurniture G=X   " @2514@G2514 h^8X   @2514 @ A337124Ah337124 B /-X  A337124 A BMetalHouseholdFurnitureManufacturing + "2   +OfficeFurniture,ExceptWood G=  " @2522@G2522 h^8  @2522 @ A337214Ah337214 B /-  A337214 A BNonwoodOfficeFurnitureManufacturing / "z   /PublicBuildingandRelatedFurniture#X X&&r#&&XX  \R'  " ƣ@2531ƣ@\2531 xnI8  ƣ@2531 ƣ@ l@33636l@x33636#X X&&V#&&XX  A .,8  l@33636 l@ AMotorVehicleFabricAccessoriesandSeatManufacturing#X X&&u#&&XX  &   & !    ! I?   A337127AI337127 B /-0  A337127 A BInstitutionalFurnitureManufacturing + " Z  +OfficeandStoreFixtures,Partitions,Shelving,andLockers,ExceptWood G=,|" " ܣ@2542ܣ@G2542 h^8x# ܣ@2542 ܣ@ A337215Ah337215 B /-x$ A337215 A BShowcase,Partition,Shelving,andLockerManufacturing + "R&  +FurnitureandFixtures,NotElsewhereClassified#X X&&/#&&XX  G=t( " N@2599N@G2599 h^8) N@2599 N@ A337127Ah#X X&&o #&&XX 337127#X X&&d # B /-* A337127 A B&&XX InstitutionalFurniture + Manufacturing#X X&& #&&XX  + "t,  +Hardware,NotElsewhereClassified#X X&&i #&&XX  G= . " ʪ@3429ʪ@G3429 h^82/ ʪ@3429 ʪ@ \RA332951\RAh332951#X X&& #&&XX  B /-20 \RA332951 \RA BHardwareManufacturing#X X&& #&&XX  + "21  +MetalStampings,NotElsewhereClassified(ExceptKitchenUtensils,PotsandPansforCookingandCoins) G=5 " @3469@G3469 h^8*z6 @3469 @ PEA332116PEAh332116 B /-*z7 PEA332116 PEA BMetalStamping +" "*z8  +WireSprings#X X&&َ#&&XX  J"=& v9" " N@3495N@J3495 k"^8& v: N@3495 N@" MA332612MAk332612#X X&&٤#&&XX  O" <:& v; MA332612 MA" OWireSpringManufacturing#X X&&٥#&&XX  + "& v<"  +FabricatedMetalProducts,NotElsewhereClassified#X X&&O#&&XX  G=n"> " V@3499V@G3499 h^8!? V@3499 V@ A337215Ah337215    #X X&&#&&XX  B /-H#B A337215 A BShowcase,Partition,Shelving,andLockerManufacturing   Y! #X X&&#&&XX  n"D #X X&&#&&XX )H#E  ) @ TABLED3.#X X&&.#&&XX ԀMETALFURNITUREPRODUCTDESCRIPTIONS d @E E ANDCORRESPONDINGSICANDNAICSCODES #X X&&ٹ#&&XX  (CONTINUED) #X X&&ل#&&XX Ԉ > #X X&&#&&XX  7 "$ 7  ProductDescription > - `  " >1987SICCode ; * :  ;Equivalent1997NAICSCode = *    =Equivalent1997NAICSProductDescription 4 "! :   4ResidentialElectricLightingFixtures G= \ " z@3645z@G3645 h^82  z@3645 z@ DtA335121DtAh335121 B /-2  DtA335121 DtA BResidentialElectricLightingFixtureManufacturing + " \  +Commercial,Industrial,andInstitutionalElectricLightingFixtures G=.~  " |@3646|@G3646 h^8z  |@3646 |@ HtA335122HtAh335122 B /-z  HtA335122 HtA BCommercial,Industrial,andInstitutionalElectricLightingFixtureManufacturing + ".~   +LaboratoryApparatusandFurniture G=v  " ڭ@3821ڭ@G3821 h^8  ڭ@3821 ڭ@ A339111Ah339111 B /-  A339111 A BLaboratoryApparatusandFurnitureManufacturing + "v   +DentalEquipmentandSupplies G=4! " @3843@G3843 h^84" @3843 @ A339114Ah339114 B /-4# A339114 A BDentalEquipmentandSuppliesManufacturing / "%  /ManufacturingIndustries,NotElsewhereClassified &w&&& V' #&&& &wJ# & &&&# X8X & &E# & &X X8 \R'0(pe( " >@3999>@\3999 yoI,|)pe) >@3999 >@ A337127Ay337127# X8X & &# & &X X8 B /-,|* A337127 A BInstitutionalFurnitureManufacturing# X8X & &!# & &X X8 &R,  & !  X, ! I?X,  DtA335121DtAI335121 B /-l- DtA335121 DtA BResidentialElectricLightingFixtureManufacturing + "B/  +ReupholsterandFurnitureRepair N =1 " ٽ@7641ٽ@N7641 n ]82 ٽ@7641 ٽ@  `@81142`@n81142 N ;93 `@81142 `@  NReupholsteryandFurnitureRepair&4    &# X8X & &!##X XX X8#