WPC =jvdنc'V7+( gE[OzqnEBZҚ;> \}bu+v )G^=NvnZGS +d:S_8zF85"_IP%Uӕ,y9Mp]1x=!WAcVK8;3$tx2Ƭ ۋ/"vP' oKoehҺ| x.8Wȝ5ү>iv8UbD=TȖp|#E=6\edԠr\%E'<$ղw9xϨoj=é]P:9i+߹SNzɊZ:V oӖpLu蕷Pp߫VArMKG%> 9c4\^ִRn^?U: %(-. C [fuaw B* BKUHnX* 04 hw4<6X9`("Courier 10cpiX ##Xd# dTable_A&0 d d d+_ 0CG TimesBoldScalable3|i<6X9`("Courier 10cpiXx6X@8;X@+_ 0CG TimesBoldScalablef_ p^7( T$  D%  T!   @+ FACTSHEET   @,,( COKEOVENNESHAP  x  WHATARECOKEOVENEMISSIONS ?   0  Cokeisusedinblastfurnacesfortheconversionofiron `  oretoiron,whichcanbefurtherrefinedtoproducesteel.Theconversionofcoaltocokeisperformedincokeovenbatteries.Abatteryconsistsofagroupofovensconnectedbycommonwalls. (#(# 0  Cokeovenemissionsareamongthemosttoxicofallair `  pollutants.Emissionsfromcokeovensincludeamixtureofpolycyclicorganicmatter,benzene,andotherchemicalsthatcancausecancer.Occupationalexposurestudiesofcokeovenworkershaveshownstatisticallysignificantexcessmortalityfromcancersoftherespiratorytract,kidney,andprostateandallcancersitescombined. (#(# 0  Atthecurrentlevelofcontrol,cokeovenbatteriesemitan P estimated1660MG/yrofcokeovenemissions(810MGfromdoors,lids,offtakes,andcharging;and850MGfrombypassstacks). (#(# 0  Theriskofcontractingcancerforthepopulationexposedto 8 cokeovenemissionsishigh.Therisktoanindividualexposedtothemaximumconcentration(maximumindividualrisk)rangesfrom1in10,000to1in100withmorethanhalfthefacilitieshavingamaximumriskgreaterthan1in1,000. (#(#  REGULATORYBACKGROUND    0  EPAandstateshavelongbeenconcernedaboutthehealth @" effectsassociatedwithcokeovenemissions. (#(# 0  EPAinitiatedaregulatoryexaminationofcokeoven !% emissionsinthelate1970'sandproposedaregulationtocontroltheseemissionsin1987. (#(# 0  EPAandtheAdministrationworkedwithCongresstodevelop $ ) newprovisionstocontrolcokeovenemissionsintheCleanAirActAmendmentsof1990.IntheAmendments,Congressrecognizedthesignificanthealtheffectsassociatedwithcokeovenemissions. (#(#   ThenewcokeovenstandardswereproposedintheFederal h)$/   RegisteronDecember4,1992.The1987proposalwas 񀀀 0*%0 񀀀withdrawn.  ApublichearingwasheldinPhiladelphia,PAonJanuary15, ,'3   1993toallowparticipationbylocalcitizenswhorequested  thepublichearing. .h)5 Ї7XXdXXd7  Atotalof61commentswerereceivedandconsideredin @   developingthefinalstandard. CLEANAIRACTAMENDMENTSOF1990  X 0  TheCleanAirActAmendmentsof1990includesweepingand (  complexprovisionstolimitemissionsfrombothnewandexistingcokeovens. (#(# 0  TheAmendmentsrequireEPAtoissuebyDecember31,1992 H   cokeovenemissionsstandardsformaximumachievablecontroltechnology(MACT)fornewandexistingsources,andaneventightercontrollimitcalled"lowestachievableemissionsrate"(LAER)forcertainexistingsourcestobepromulgated (#(# 0  byDecember31,1992.ThecokeovenMACTandLAERstandardswillestablishemissionlimitsforavarietyofdifferentaspectsofcokeovenfacilities,includingcokeovendoors,lids,offtakes,andsecondsofcharging. (#(# 0  TheCleanAirActalsorequiresEPAtoissue"workpractice  standards"withIndustrycompliancebyNovember15,1993,andsocalled"residualrisk"standardsbyNovember15,2000.TheseresidualriskprovisionsrequireEPAtoexaminetheremainingrisktothepublicaftertechnologybasedstandardsareimposedandtofurtherreduceemissions,ifappropriate. (#(# 0  Thecokeovenemissionsstandardsapplytoallnewand X existingfacilitiesthatproducecoke.TheAmendmentsallowthecokeovenindustryachoiceoftwotracksofcompliance.Wecallthesetracksthe"LAER"extensiontrackandthe"MACT"track. (#(#  0  LAEREXTENSIONTRACK :Affectedcompaniescanelectto  ! qualifyforanextensionofcompliancewiththe"residualrisk"standardsbeyondthe01/01/03compliancedatebydoingthefollowing: (#(# 0  0` (#(#ComplywithCleanAirActlimitsby11/15/93#&` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#ComplywithLAERlimitsby01/01/98$x'` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#ComplywithrevisedLAERlimitsby01/01/10%@(` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#Complywithresidualriskstandardby01/01/20H& )` (#` (#  0  MACTTRACK :Companiescanelectnottodefercompliance '!+ withresidualriskstandards.Theseovensmust: (#(# 0  0` (#(#ComplywithexistingsourceMACTlimitsby12/31/95.0*#.` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#Complywithresidualriskstandardby01/01/03.*$/` (#` (# 0  Companiescommencingconstructionoftheirovensafter ,H&1 December4,1992(proposaldate)mustmeetNewSourceMACTrequirements,exceptforreplacementcapacity..'3(#(# 7XXdXXd7   REGULATORYNEGOTIATION  @ 0  EPAhasmadewidespreaduseofconsultationindeveloping  rulesundertheCleanAirAct.Insomerulemakingsincludingcokeovenemissions,EPAhasusedformalregulatorynegotiation,wherepartiesnegotiateandsignaformalagreementthatbecomesthebasisforEPA'sproposedrule. (#(# 0  TheCokeOvensRegulatoryNegotiationCommitteeiscomprised H   ofseveralinterestedparties:EnvironmentalgroupssuchastheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)andGroupAgainstSmogandPollution(GASP),IndustryassociationssuchasAmericanIronandSteelInstitute(AISI)andAmericanCokeandCoalChemicalsInstitute(ACCCI),representativesfromtheSteelWorker'sUnion,andStateandlocalagencies. (#(# 0  TheCommitteeheldaseriesofpublicmeetingsandinformal P workshopstoidentifyandresolvethemanyissuesassociatedwiththeregulation.AtthefinalnegotiatingsessiononOctober8,1992,theCommitteemembersconceptuallyresolvedalloutstandingmajorissuesanddecidedtoreachfinalagreementafterreviewingandconcurringonthedraftregulation.ThefinalCokeOvenStandardreflectstheagreementsreachedbythisCommittee. (#(#  BENEFITSOFTHEAGREEMENTANDFINALRULE  X 0  Thenegotiatedagreementmeetsandinsomecasesexceeds  ЄtheenvironmentalgoalsofthecokeovenprovisionsintheCleanAirAct.Theagreementalsoprovidesindustrywithflexibilitythatwillsignificantlyreducecompliancecosts. (#(# 0  0` (#(#IncreasedEmissionReduction:TheCommitteehasagreed !X# thatflaresberequiredtocontrolemissionsofrawcokeovengasduringventingepisodes.Flareswilleliminate850MG/yrofcokeovenemissions.TheMACTandLAERstandardswillresultinreductionsofcokeovenemissionsfromthedoors,lids,offtakesandchargingrangingfrom540to720MG/yr.(66%to90%reduction) ` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#ConsistentMonitoring:Undertheagreement,cokeoven (`", inspectorswillhavetoundergoarigorouscertificationprogramtoqualifyasobservers.Also,theinspectorswillbechosenbytheenforcementagencyinsteadofthecompany.Theserequirementsensurefairnessandconsistencyintheapplicationofthemethod. ` (#` (#  .'3 0  0` (#(#ImprovedCompliance:Industryhasagreedtopaythe @ enforcementagencyoranindependentcontractortomonitortheircokeovenbatteriesdaily.Thismeanstherewillbeenforcementpresenceateverybatteryinthecountryeveryday.Thisisanothersignificantresultwhichwewouldnothaveachievedthroughnormalregulationdevelopment. ` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#WorkPractices:Theworkpracticestandardswould  @ requireneworexistingcokeovenbatteriestodevelopawrittenplandescribingemissioncontrolworkpracticestobeimplementedforeachbattery.Theplanmustincludeprovisionsfortrainingandproceduresforcontrollingemissionsfromthebattery.Workpracticesareimplementedwhenperformancestandardsarenotineffectorwhenemissionlimitsareviolated. ` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#AlternativeDoorLeakStandard:Theagreementprovides H  industrytheflexibilityofanalternativedoorleakstandardforcokeovenbatteriesequippedwithsheds.Thealternativestandardwillbedeterminedonacasebycasebasis,butitmustachieveagreaterreductionofcokeovenemissionsthantheoriginaldoorleakstandard. ` (#` (# X     IMPACTS  P   CokeOvenemissions:reductionof1390to1570MG/year.     Annualizedcost:increaseof$84millionby1998.    MACTCaptialcost:$66millionby1995. p   LAERCapitalcost:$444millionby1998. x8   ThefinalcokeovenstandardwaspromulgatedintheFederal  RegisteronOctober27,1993.(58FR57898)  !X#  COKEOVENEMISSIONLIMITS  @ 0  MACTANDLAER:Thenegotiatedagreementincludesthe  emissionlimitsoutlinedinthefollowingtable.Allnumbersarerollingaveragesofthelastthirtyreadings;thatis,ifnoreadingistakenonaday,nothingisenteredforthatday.ThestatesareresponsibleforconductingthedailyreadingsandnothinginthisrulemakingprecludescitizensuitsundertheCleanAirAct. (#(# *q ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#q,t ,Vtd ,Ftd ,Ptd ,td ,t +  ;&   p;ЀMACTTRACK F1"@ " FLAERTRACK ZE-@ " p  ZXX  6!  612/31/95 6!  6Beyond2003(mustmeetresidualrisk) 6!X  611/15/93(Act's̀Limits) 6!X  61/1/98 6!  61/1/10 P=!    yPLIDSPLL%leakinglidsOFFTAKESPLO%leakingofftakesCHARGING(log)s/chargeDOORSPLD $ %leakingdoorsTALLSHORTFOUNDRY A2'& 1hh A0.6 0!d 2 00.6 0!d 3 00.83 0!d 4 00.4 4!d 5 40.4 >4!d 6 y  y> & D6 &3.0 0! 7 03.0 0! 8 04.2 0! 9 02.5 4! : 42.5 >4! ; y  y> & ; &12 0!t4< 012 0!t4= 012 0!t4> 012 4!t4? 412 >4!t4@ y  y> & T@ &6.0 0!`B 05.5 0!`D 07.0 0!`F 04.3 4!`H 44.0 >4!`J y  y> &  |J &5.5 0!"L 05.0 0!"N 07.0 0!"P 03.8 4!"R 43.3 :0!"T y  y: ( $$T (5.5 2!p%0V 25.0 2!p%0X 27.0 2!p%0Z 24.3 4!p%0\ 44.01'%p%0^ 0 y   1