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RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(Ê E Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(Ê E Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular \Ñ\RØ'3 Letter Landscape\Ñ,2555333333Ã?5 =C€SUB€{adj}~€=~{C€SUB€{d}}~*~{20.9„15}€OVER€{20.9„%O€SUB€{2}}XXC£×adjXX£äXXsCù×dXX“å‰XoFXX݇20XX¥‡.XXׇ9XX;‡ãXX³‡15XX…x20XXMx.XXx9XXãxãXX[x%XXxO‘72 UM(lb/hr)€~=~€{C€SUB€{ppb}}~*~Q~*~60~*~{MW}€OVER€{T€SUB€{std}+460}~*~1.369x10€SUP€{„9}XXMXXÃ(XXlbXX¡/XXÙhrXX‹)XX%äXXõC{×ppbXX™åXXiQXXQåXX!60XXA å)X FXXæ ‡MWXX3 xT£ 7stdXX= xâXXµ x460XXO åXX1XXƒ.XXµ369XXáx10!fãqf9 M€(lb/hr)~=~C€SUB€{p}*Q*60*AXXxMXX½x(XXÿxlbXX›x/XXÓxhrXX…x)XXxäXXïxCu7pXX·xåXX/xQXX¿xåXX7x60XXÿxåXXwxA 1M€(lb/MW„hr)~=~{M(lb/hr)}€OVER€{{R*L}€OVER€{100}}XXöMXXÃö(XXölbXX¡ö/XXÙöMWXX!öãXX™öhrXXKö)XXåöä3XÁ$XX×eMXX}e(XX¿elbXX[e/XX“ehrXXEe)&XnXX„VRXXþVåXXvVLXXŸG100 ^M€(lb/MMBtu)~=~C€SUB€{p}*F*{20.9}€OVER€{20.9„%O€SUB€{2}}*B~€€*(~{MW}€OVER€{T€SUB€{std}+460}€)€XX#MXXÉ(XX lbXX§/XXßMMBtuXXA)XXÛäXX«C1×pXXsåXXëFXXeå‰XéFXX÷‡20XX¿ ‡.XXñ ‡9XXÿx20XXÇx.XXùx9XX] xãXXÕ x%XX{ xO 72XXc åXXÛ BXX­ åXX% ()XË FXX”‡MWXXá xTQ7stdXXëxâXXcx460XX¥)Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýò òòòMEMORANDUMó óóó:Ð ° ÐÌò òDATE:à ` àó óFebruary€ñº ñ5ñº ññ» ñ9ñ» ñ,€1999Ð ŒÜ ÐÌò òSUBJECT:à ` àó óStationary€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€Databaseò òÐ h¸ ÐÌFROM:à ` àó óKeri€Leachò òÐ D ” Ðà  àà ` àó óAlpha„Gamma€Technologies,€Inc.ò òÐ 4 „ ÐÌTO:à  àà ` àó óSims€RoyÐ  \  Ðà  àà ` àEPA€OAQPS€ESDò ò€ó óCombustion€Groupò òÐ ü L  ÐßA€) °°xdE°ëxAßó óÐ ì<  ÐÌThe€purpose€of€this€memorandum€is€to€document€the€activities€conducted€to€develop€andÏmaintain€the€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€Database.€€This€database€will€be€used€toÏsupport€rulemaking€decisions€for€the€stationary€combustion€turbines€NESHAP€and€NSPS€efforts.€ÏThe€data€gathering€efforts,€database€development€and€refinements,€and€the€data€review€processÏactivities€are€described€herein,€as€well€as€the€format€of€the€database€and€the€development€ofÏemission€factors€using€the€database.€ÌÌòòData€Gathering€EffortsóóÐ [« ÐÌà  àThe€majority€of€source€tests€collected€were€conducted€in€the€State€of€California€as€part€ofÏthe€AB2588€(Air€Toxics€ð ðHot€Spotsðð€Information€Assessment€Act€of€1987)€program.€€CompleteÏcopies€of€test€reports€for€combustion€turbines€were€gathered€from€all€air€districts€in€CaliforniaÏand€from€previous€EPA€efforts,€specifically€STIRS€(Source€Test€Information€Retrieval€System).€ÏOther€states,€including€Washington,€Texas,€Pennsylvania,€and€New€Jersey,€and€trade€associationsÏsuch€as€Western€States€Petroleum€Association€(WSPA)€and€Gas€Research€Institute€(GRI),€wereÏalso€contacted€for€available€source€test€reports.€€ÌÌà  àA€final€data€collection€effort€was€made€during€the€summer€of€1998€to€obtain€additionalÏtest€reports€for€hazardous€air€pollutants€(HAPs)€from€combustion€sources€from€the€California€AirÏResources€Board€(CARB).€€This€effort€resulted€in€no€new€usable€test€reports€for€turbines.€€NoÏadditional€emissions€data€collection€efforts€are€currently€planned.ÌÌòòDatabase€Development€and€RefinementsÐ /$# ÐÌà  àóóThe€first€version€of€the€database,€in€Access€2.0,€was€released€to€the€public€(via€the€EPAÐ &W!% ÐICCR€TTN€site)€in€June€1997.€€This€release€contained€reports€for€hazardous€air€pollutantsÏ(HAPs)€only.€€Version€2€of€the€database€was€released€during€January€1998,€in€both€Access€2.0Ïand€Access€ðð97€formats.€€This€version€contained€more€HAP€data€than€in€version€1€and€alsoÏcontained€criteria€pollutant€data.€€Version€3€of€the€database€was€released€in€September€1998€inÏAccess€2.0€and€contained€additional€test€reports€for€HAPs€and€criteria€pollutants€received€fromÏGRI€and€a€facility€in€California.€€The€current€version€of€the€database€is€included€with€thisÏmemorandum€(version€4,€in€Access€ðð97).€€No€new€data€has€been€added€since€version€3,€butÏrefinements€and€clarifications€have€been€made€to€the€database.€Ð g-·(- Їà  àThe€current€version€of€the€database€contains€238€tests,€€representing€applications€inÏindustrial,€pipeline,€and€utility€sectors.€€The€test€dates€of€the€source€tests€in€the€database€rangeÏfrom€1988€to€1997.€€Some€test€reports€contain€HAP€or€criteria€pollutant€data€only€while€other€testÏreports€contain€data€on€both€sets€of€pollutants.€€Seventy„two€tests€contain€HAP€data;€the€numberÏwith€criteria€pollutant€data€is€196.€€Many€of€the€tests€involved€replicate€sampling€and€analysisÏruns.€ÌÌà  àA€list€of€references€for€the€test€reports€included€in€the€database€is€given€in€Appendix€A.€ÏTest€reports€included€in€the€database€were€numbered€as€follows:€numbers€from€1€to€99€wereÏassigned€to€tests€containing€only€hazardous€air€pollutants€(HAPs),€and€numbers€greater€than€100Ïwere€allocated€for€tests€with€only€criteria€pollutants€or€with€both€HAPs€and€criteria€pollutants.€ÏExceptions€are€the€reports€numbered€10€and€15.€€These€test€reports€contain€both€HAPs€andÏcriteria€pollutant€test€results.€€They€are€numbered€as€HAPs„only€type€reports€because€criteriaÏpollutant€data€were€identified€in€these€reports€after€the€first€version€of€the€database€was€posted€onÏthe€TTN.€€Test€reports€containing€more€than€one€turbine,€multiple€load€conditions,€different€fuels,Ïcontrol€device€inlet€and€outlet€samples,€or€more€than€three€sampling€runs€were€assigned€the€sameÏinitial€number€followed€by€an€extension€(for€example,€1.1€or€1.1.1).€€ÌÌà  àThe€test€reports€comprising€the€database€include€emissions€data€for€turbines€firing€naturalÏgas,€distillate€oil,€digester€gas,€landfill€gas,€refinery€gas,€and€field€gas.€€The€turbines€tested€rangedÏin€size€from€0.8€MW€to€87€MW.€€Emissions€were€measured€for€various€loads,€ranging€from€25%Ïto€100%€of€full€load.€€Some€of€the€tested€turbines€ñ¼ ñhad€airñ¼ ññ½ ñwere€equipped€withñ½ ñ€pollution€control€devices,Ïincluding€water€or€steam€injection,€lean€pre„mix€combustion€design,€and€SCONOx.€€ÌÌòòData€Review€ProcessóóÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€extent€to€which€operating€parameters€are€included€in€the€test€reports€varied.€€ForÏconsistency,€test€reports€were€reviewed€according€to€a€common€set€of€acceptance€criteria.€€TheseÏcriteria€are€listed€in€Appendix€B.€€When€possible,€pertinent€information€identified€as€missingÏfrom€test€reports€was€obtained€by€contacting€the€tested€facilities.ÌÌà  àSome€test€data€were€included€in€the€database€although€the€test€report€did€not€strictlyÏqualify€according€to€the€acceptance€criteria.€€Examples€include€reports€with€summary€data€only,Ïreports€containing€confidential€information,€and€reports€with€missing€information€that€could€notÏbe€obtained€via€facility€contact.€[Note:€€One€test€was€flagged€due€to€questionnable€results.€€AÏcomplete€description€of€the€analysis€of€this€report€is€included€in€Appendix€C.]€€These€reportsÏwere€included€in€the€database€but€are€flagged€by€an€ð ðxðð€appearing€after€the€ID€number.€€TheyÏwere€included€in€order€to€have€a€more€complete€set€of€data€for€engineering€analyses,€althoughÏthey€should€not€be€considered€in€analyses€to€determine€numeric€emission€limits€for€standards.ÌÌà  à€At€this€point,€the€HAP€emissions€data€have€been€the€most€critically€scrutinized€data€inÏthe€emissions€database.€€Further€review€of€the€criteria€emissions€data€may€reveal€more€testÏreports€which€should€be€flagged€due€to€missing€information€or€questionnable€data.Ô‡ XÞ¸XXXÔÔ‡ &·g&X XÞ¸ÔÐ h+¸&* ÐÔ#†&-‹&& &·g]#ÔÔ#†X†TX&&-‹|#ÔÌÐ @-(, ÐòòDatabase€formatóóÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€database€consists€of€tables,€queries,Ïmodules,€and€reports.€€Data€extracted€from€the€source€test€reports€are€entered€into€tables.€€QueriesÏare€used€to€collect€selected€data€from€the€tables€and€to€perform€calculations€using€the€data.€€ThisÏis€done€by€calling€specific€functions€within€database€modules.€€The€result€of€the€calculation€isÏreturned€to€the€query.€€The€reports€draw€on€the€queries€and€display€raw€data€fields€and€calculatedÏvalues.€€A€brief€description€of€each€component€of€the€database€structure€follows.ÌÌòòò òTablesó óóóÐ ü L  ÐÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔÌà  àThe€database€contains€two€master€tables,€a€ð ðFacilitiesðð€table€and€a€ð ðTest€Dataðð€table.€TheÏcommon€field€which€links€the€two€tables€is€the€ID€field€which€contains€the€Source€TestÏIdentification€Number€(these€numbers€correspond€to€those€provided€in€Appendix€A,€Source€TestÏReferences).€€Ô#†X†TXX X†T#ÔThe€ð ðTest€Dataðð€table€was€divided€into€three€tables:€ð ðTest€Data€„€HAPs,ððÐ ”ä  Ðcontaining€all€HAP€data€in€the€Test€Data€table,€including€the€HAP€data€from€reports€with€bothÏHAP€and€criteria€pollutant€data;€ð ðTest€Data€„€€Criteria€Pollutants,ðð€containing€all€criteria€pollutantÏdata€in€the€Test€Data€table,€including€criteria€pollutant€data€from€reports€with€both€HAP€andÏcriteria€pollutant€data,€and€ð ðTest€Data€„€HAPs€+€Criteria,ðð€containing€only€the€data€from€testsÏwith€data€for€both€HAPs€and€criteria€pollutants.Ô‡ X†TXXX†TÔ€€A€list€of€data€definitions€identifying€the€variousÐ 0€ Ðdata€fields€in€these€tables€is€included€as€Appendix€D.€€Ô#†X†TXX X†T= #ÔÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔThe€data€presented€in€the€Facility€and€TestÐ l ÐData€tables€are€ð ðas€reportedðð€information.€€All€calculations€(corrected€concentrations,€emissionÏrates,€and€emission€factors)€are€performed€within€the€database€through€the€developed€queries€andÏmodules€and€are€displayed€in€the€reports.€ÌÌòòò òQueriesó óóóÐ ¸ ÐÔ#†X†TXX X†T!#ÔÔÿÔÌà  àÔÿž"ÔThe€queries€in€the€database€serve€to€organize€and€group€data€and€to€call€functions€toÏperform€calculations€on€the€data.€€There€are€two€sets€of€queries.€€The€first€set€contains€the€queriesÏð ðqry_Emissions€„€Criteria€Pollutantsðð,€ð ðqry_Emissions€„€HAPsðð,€and€ð ðqry_Emissions€„€HAPs€+ÏCriteria.ðð€€These€queries€contain€the€calls€to€functions€within€database€modules€which€calculateÏthe€average€reported€run€concentration,€the€average€of€the€average€reported€run€concentrations,Ïthe€ð ðcorrectedðð€run€concentrations,€and€the€calculated€emission€factors€per€individual€test€run€andÏoverall€test€average€in€lb/MMBtu,€lb/MW,€and€lb/hr.€€The€second€set€of€queries€includes€theÏqueries€ð ðSummary€„€Criteria€Pollutantsðð,€ð ðSummary€„€HAPsðð,€and€ð ðSummary€„€HAPs€+€Criteria.ðð€ÏIn€these€queries,€the€reported€individual€test€run€concentrations€are€corrected€to€15%€Oòò2óó€and€theÐ ì$< # Ðaverage€of€the€corrected€concentrations€is€computed.ÌÌòòò òModulesó óóóÐ °'#& ÐÌà  àUsing€raw€test€data€(i.e.,€lab„reported€pollutant€concentrations€and€stack€test€parameters),Ïcalculations€are€performed€to€correct€reported€concentrations€to€15%€Oòò2óó€and€to€estimateÐ p*À%) Ðemissions€in€lb/hr,€lb/MW„hr€and€lb/MMBtu.€€Modules€are€small€programs€written€in€VisualÏBasic€code€that€were€built€to€perform€the€calculations.€€Each€module€contains€functions.€ÏCalculations€are€performed€within€the€module€using€parameters€sent€from€the€query€when€theÐ 4-„(, Ðfunction€is€called.€€The€results€of€the€calculation€are€returned€to€the€query€that€called€the€module.ÌÌà  àThere€are€various€modules€in€the€emissions€database€that€perform€different€tasks.€A€briefÏdescription€of€each€of€the€modules€used€in€the€database€follows:ÌÌà0  àModule€AConc:à0(#(#àComputes€the€average€concentration€for€the€reported€individual€testÐ L œ Ðrun€concentrations.Ð (#(# Ðà0  àModule€Convert:€à0(#(#àCorrects€the€reported€run€concentrations€to€15%Oòò2óó,€inserts€flags€forÐ $ t Ðnon„detected€concentrations,€and€calculates€emission€factors.Ð (#(# Ðà0  àModule€Correction:à0(#(#àAssigns€the€detection€limit€for€a€given€run€to€run€concentrationsÐ ü L  Ðthat€are€reported€as€non„detects.€Ð (#(# Ðà0  àModule€NonDet:à0(#(#àHandles€the€criteria€for€the€use€of€detection€limits.€ÐÔ$ (#(# Ðà0  àModule€SigDig:à0(#(#àPerforms€the€reduction€of€a€calculated€result€to€a€given€number€ofÐ À  Ðsignificant€digits.€€€Ð (#(# ÐÌòòò òReportsó óóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€report€section€contains€several€summaries€of€the€calculated€emissions€data.€€ReportsÏare€included€for€individual€test€run€concentrations€as€well€as€for€average€concentrations€over€allÏruns€in€the€test.€€In€the€report€section,€a€set€of€6€different€reports€was€built€for€each€of€the€test€dataÏtables€discussed€above.€€These€reports€provide€information€about€pollutant€concentrationsÏ(corrected€to€15%€Oòò2óó)€and€emissions€in€units€of€lb/hr,€lb/MMBtu,€and€lb/MW„hr.€€Individual€setsÐ X Ðof€reports€were€also€developed€for€test€summaries€and€pollutant€summaries.€€A€listing€of€theÏreports€included€in€the€database€is€in€Appendix€E.€€In€order€to€obtain€the€calculated€emissionsÏdata,€the€appropriate€report€must€be€opened€(when€opening€a€report,€all€related€queries€andÏmodules€are€run).€€ÌÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔÌÔ#†X†TXX X†T»0#Ôñ½ ñÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔÔ#†XÆ~XX XÆ~ì0#Ôñ½ ñÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔà  àMany€pollutants€were€not€detected€in€some€or€all€of€the€sampling€runs€conductñ¾ ñingñ¾ ññ¿ ñedñ¿ ñ€during€aÐ à Ðtest.€€Individual€run€concentrations€preceded€by€ð ð<ðð€in€the€reports€indicate€a€non„detectÏconcentration.€€In€these€cases,€the€full€detection€limit€(DL)€was€substituted€as€the€concentrationñ¶ ññµ ñf€ñµ ññ¶ ññ· ñÏfor€that€runñ· ñ€forñ¸ ñ€theñ¸ ñ€calculationñ¹ ñ€purposesñ¹ ñ.€€Detection€limit€values€were€not€always€provided€andÏreview€of€the€lab€report€and€additional€calculations€were€necessary€to€determine€the€DL€value.€€IfÏthe€DL€could€not€be€calculated€and€the€pollutant€was€not€detected€in€all€sampling€runs,€theÏpollutant€was€not€entered€into€the€database€for€that€test.€€If€more€than€one€DL€was€determined€forÏthe€same€pollutant€in€a€test,€the€highest€DL€value€was€used.€€A€ð ð<ðð€appearing€before€an€averageÏconcentration€value€indicates€that€at€least€one€(but€not€all)€of€the€individual€run€concentrationsÏwas€a€non„detect€and€the€detection€limit€was€averaged€in€as€the€concentration€for€that€run.€€AÏð ð<<ðð€preceding€the€average€concentration€denotes€that€òòallóó€of€the€individual€run€concentrationsÐ È&"% Ðwere€non„detects€and€that€the€detection€limit€was€used€as€the€concentration.ÌÌÔ#†X†TXX X†TJ1#Ôà  àA€more€complete€description€of€the€treatment€of€non„detects€and€detection€limits€isÐ Œ)Ü$( Ðprovided€in€the€memorandum€attached€as€Appendix€F.€€This€memorandum€also€providesÏinformation€on€the€calculations€performed€on€the€raw€data€and€the€default€assumptions€used€inÏthe€calculations.ÌÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔà  àÔ#†X†TXX X†TÀ7#ÔÔ‡ XÞ¸XXX†TÔÔ‡ &·g&X XÞ¸ÔÌÔ#† XÞ¸X& &·g-8#ÔÔ#†X†TXX XÞ¸8#ÔÐ ò-B)- ÐòòEmission€FactorsóóÐ ° ÐÌà  àEmission€factors€for€turbines€firing€natural€gas€and€distillate€oil€were€developed€using€theÏemissions€database.€€A€description€of€the€reports€considered€adequate€for€the€emission€factorÏassessment€and€the€resultant€emission€factors€are€included€as€Appendices€G€and€H€(natural€gasÏand€distillate€oil,€respectively).€€These€emission€factors€were€calculated€using€the€version€of€theÏdatabase€that€was€current€in€August,€1998.€€Minor€differences€may€be€present€in€emission€factorsÏcalculated€using€the€current€version€of€the€database.ÌÌEnclosure:€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€Database,€version€4ÌÐ  è 8  ÐÌò òÔ  ÔÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔÓ  ÓAppendix€AÐ œì ÐSource€Test€Referencesó óÐ ˆØ ÐÓ‚;ÓÌ1.à0  àSun,€D.T.€€Metals,€PAH,€and€Benzene€Emissions€Measurements€„€Cogen€Exhaust€StackÐ `° ÐResponse€to€AB2588€Toxic€"Hot€Spots"€Act.€€Prepared€by€The€Almega€CorporationÏ(Project€#€C6774)€for€ARCO€Products,€Carson,€California.€€March€19,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ2.à0  àSource€Emission€Test€Report€regarding€Formaldehyde€Emissions€from€the€AgnewsÐ  ` ÐCogeneration€Facility,€San€Jose,€California.€€Prepared€by€Best€Environmental,€Inc.,€SanÏLeandro,€California€for€Calpine,€San€Jose,€California.€€October€2,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ3.à0  àBell.€A.C.€€Emissions€Inventory€Testing€at€Long€Beach€Combustion€Turbine€No.€3€forÐ À  ÐInclusion€in€Air€Toxics€Hot€Spots€Inventory€required€under€AB2588.€€Prepared€byÏCarnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Southern€California€Edison€Company,€Rosemead,ÏCalifornia.€€May,€1989.Ð (#(# ÐÌ4.à0  àMcDannel,€M.€D.€€Air€Toxics€Emissions€Inventory€Testing€at€Coolwater€GeneratingÐ \¬ ÐStation€Combustion€Turbine€No.€42€for€Inclusion€in€Air€Toxics€Hot€Spots€InventoryÏrequired€under€AB2588.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Southern€CaliforniaÏEdison€Company,€Rosemead,€California.€€May,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌà0  àà ° à5.à  àAB2588€Pooled€Source€Emission€test€Program.€€Prepared€by€Almega€CorporationÐ øH Ð(Project€#€I6551)€for€Western€States€Petroleum€Association,€Glendale,€California.€€July€9,Ï1990.€Ð (#(# ÐÌà0  àà ° à6.à  àSource€Test€report€AB2588€for€Turbine€#1€at€Choachella€Power€Plant.€€Prepared€by€SouthÐ ¨ø ÐCoast€Environmental€Company,€La€Verne,€California€for€Imperial€Irrigation€District,ÏImperial,€California.€€February€25,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ7.à0  àVacherot,€R.J.€€Emissions€Testing€of€a€Gas„Fired€Cogeneration€Facility€to€SatisfyÐ X ¨ ÐAB2588€Requirement.€€Prepared€by€Horizon€Air€Measurement€Services,€Newbury€Park,ÏCalifornia€for€Reese€Chamber€Systems€Consultants,€Inc.,€Somis,€California.€€June€25,Ï1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ8.à0  àEmission€Measurements€for€Speciated€PAH's€and€BTXE€Compounds€on€Gas€FiredÐ ô$D # ÐTurbine€and€Steam€Generator.€€Prepared€by€The€Almega€Corporation€(Project€#€C6823)Ïfor€Shell€Western€E€&€P,€Bakersfield,€California.€€August€1,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ9.à0  àSource€test€report€for€the€Texaco€Heater€Treater,€the€Mobil€Steam€Generator,€and€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐSWEPI€Gas€Turbine€in€the€San€Joaquin€Valley€Unified€Air€Pollution€District,€California.€ÏPrepared€by€Radian€Corporation€for€Western€States€Petroleum€Association,€Bakersfield,ÏCalifornia.€€September,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ10.à0  àState€of€California€Air€Resources€Board,€Engineering€Evaluation€Branch€Monitoring€andÐ @-(, ÐLaboratory€Division,€Project€#€C„88„014.€€Evaluation€Test€on€a€Natural€Gas€FiredÏTurbine€Cogeneration€Facility,€University€Technical€Services€Inc.,€Taft,€California.€ÏJanuary€1989.Ð (#(# ÐÌ11.à0  àEmission€Testing€at€Gilroy€Energy€Company.€€Prepared€by€Pape€&€Steiner€EnvironmentalÐ `° ÐServices,€Bakersfield,€California€for€Gilroy€Energy€Company,€Gilroy,€California.€€August,Ï1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ12.à0  àRooney,€T.€€Emission€Performance€Testing€of€One€Cogeneration€Turbine€at€32nd€StreetÐ  ` ÐNaval€Station,€San€Diego,€California.€€Prepared€by€Western€Environmental€Services,ÏRedondo€Beach,€California€for€Sithe€Energies,€U.S.A.€Inc.,€San€Diego,€California.€€MayÏ1991,€revised€November€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ13.à0  àReel,€T.€€Test€Report:€€AB2588€Testing€for€South€Bay€Unit€2€and€Kearny€GT„1.€€PreparedÐ ¬ü  Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€San€Diego€Gas€&€Electric€Company,€San€Diego,ÏCalifornia.€€October,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ14.à0  àReport€of€Air€Pollution€Source€Testing€For€California€AB€2588€at€the€Kern€River€CogenÐ \¬ ÐCompany,€Bakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering„Science,€Inc.,€Pasadena,ÏCalifornia€for€Kern€River€Cogen€Company,€Bakersfield,€California.€€March€28,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ15.à0  àLeBarron,€D.€€Determination€of€Polycyclic€aromatic€Hydrocarbons,€Formaldehyde,€CO,Ð  \ Ðand€NOX€Emissions€from€Turbine€Unit€#2€at€the€Modesto€Irrigation€District€McClureÏRoad€Generation€Station,€Modesto,€California.€€Prepared€by€Ecoserve,€Inc.ÏEnvironmental€Services,€Pittsburgh,€California€for€Modesto€Irrigation€District,€ModestoÏCalifornia.€€November€28,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ16.à0  àAB2588€Toxic€Emission€Testing€LM2500€Cogen.€€Prepared€by€BTC€Environmental,€Inc.,Ð ”ä ÐVentura,€California€for€Willamette€Industries,€Inc.€Port€Hueneme,€California.€€OctoberÏ21,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ17.à0  àPecaut,€A.D.€€Emissions€Testing€From€a€Gas„Fired€Cogeneration€Facility€To€DetermineÐ D!” ÐBenzene€Concentration.€€Prepared€by€Horizon€Air€Measurement€Services,€Inc.€forÏWillamette€Industries,€Oxnard€California.€€January€7,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ18.à0  àMcRae,€G.€€Air€Toxic€Emissions€testing€of€Natural€Gas€Fired€Turbine€at€SycamoreÐ ô$D # ÐCogeneration€Company,€Bakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering„Science,€Inc.ÏBakersfield,€California€for€Sycamore€Cogeneration€Company,€Bakersfield,€California.€ÏJune€30,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ19.à0  àGas€Turbine€Emission€Testing€for€McClure€Generating€Station.€€Prepared€by€AcurexÐ )à$( ÐCorporation,€Mountain€View,€California€for€Modesto€Irrigation€District,€Modesto,ÏCalifornia.€€December€18,€1989.Ð (#(# ÐÌ20.à0  àAB2588€Testing€at€University€Technical€Services€Petro„Lewis€Cogeneration€Plant,€Taft,Ð @-(, ÐCalifornia.€€Prepared€by€Pape€&€Steiner€Environmental€Services,€Bakersfield,€CaliforniaÏfor€University€Technical€Services,€San€Diego,€California.€€August,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ21.à0  àVacherot,€R.J.€€AB2588€Toxic€Emissions€test€Results€on€Gas„Fired€CogenerationÐ tÄ ÐFacility,€Dexzel€Combined€cycle€Facility€Authority€to€Operate€Permit€No.€488001€(A).€ÏPrepared€by€Horizon,€Air€Measurement€Services,€Inc.€for€Diamond€(Dexzel)€Energy,€Inc.,ÏLos€Angeles,€California.€€July€8,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ22.à0  àSchnitt,€M.L.€€AB2588€Emission€test€Report,€Procter€&€Gamble,€SacramentoÐ  ` ÐCogeneration€Facility.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Procter€and€GambleÏManufacturing€Company,€Sacramento,€California.€€April,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ23.à0  àAir€Pollution€Source€Testing€for€California€AB2588€on€Heat€Recovery€Steam€GeneratorÐ À  Ðat€Chevron€USA,€Inc.€Gaviota,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering„Science,€Pasadena,ÏCalifornia€for€Chevron€USA,€Inc.,€Ventura,€California.€€April€20,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ24.à0  àShih,€C.C.,€et€al.€€Emissions€Assessment€of€Conventional€Stationary€CombustionÐ pÀ ÐSystems;€Volume€II€Internal€Combustion€Sources.€€Prepared€by€TRW,€Inc.,€RedondoÏBeach,€California€for€US€EPA,€Office€of€Research€and€Development,€Washington,€DCÏ(Contract€No.€68„02„2197).€€EPA„600/7„79„029c.€€February€1979.Ð (#(# ÐÌ25.à0  àWessel,€T.€€Determination€of€Emissions€from€the€Cogeneration€Unit€at€UC€Berkeley,Ð  \ ÐBerkeley,€California.€€Prepared€by€Ecoserve,€Inc.€for€Stewart€and€Stevenson,€Berkeley,ÏCalifornia.€€September€25,€1991€revised€November€6,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ26.à0  àTest€Report:€€Calpine€Corporation,€Sumas€Washington.€€Prepared€by€Amtest€Air€Quality,Ð ¼  ÐInc.€€August€31,€1995.Ð (#(# ÐÌ27.à0  àAB2588€Air€Toxics€Emissions€Testing€Natural€Gas€Fired€Turbine.€€Prepared€byÐ €Ð ÐEngineering„Science,€Inc.,€Bakersfield€,€California€for€Sargent€Canyon€CogenerationÏCompany.€€June€23,€1993€revised€July€1,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ28.à0  àHinkle,€J.€€Compliance€Source€Test€Report€for€Watsonville€Cogeneration€partnership.€Ð 0"€  ÐPrepared€by€Petro„Chem€Environmental€Services,€Inc.€Bakersfield,€California€forÏWatsonville€Cogeneration€Partnership,€Watsonville,€California.€€June€2,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ29.à0  àShareef,€G.,€Ferry,€K.,€Gundappa,€M.,€Leatherwood,€C.,€Ogle,€L.,€and€Campbell,€L.€Ð à%0!$ ÐMeasurement€of€Air€Toxic€Emissions€from€Natural€Gas„Fired€Internal€CombustionÏEngines€at€Natural€Gas€Transmission€and€Storage€Facilities.€€Prepared€by€RadianÏCorporation,€RTP,€NC€for€Gas€Research€Institute,€Chicago,€Illinois.€€February,€1996.Ð (#(# ÐÌ200.à0  àTest€Report€on€Exhaust€Emissions€from€Westinghouse€B-8€Gas€Turbine€and€HeatÐ |*Ì%) ÐRecovery€Boiler€at€the€Baytowm€Refinery,€Boilerhouse€6.€€Prepared€for€EXXONÏCompany,€USA,€7,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÐ @-(, Ð201.à0  àReport€of€Oxides€of€Nitrogen€Compliance€Emission€Determination€of€the€CogenerationÐ ° ÐSystem,€Tastykake€Company,€Philadelphia,€PN.€€Tested€by€BCM€Engineers,€Inc.,€OctoberÏ1989Ð (#(# ÐÌ202.à0  àR.€Burkeen,€to€M.€Pratt.€State€Of€New€Jersey,€Department€Of€Environmental€Protection,Ð `° ÐDivision€Environmental€Quality,€Trenton,€NJ.€€Memorandum:€€Nitrogen€Oxide,€CarbonÏMonoxide€And€Total€Hydrocarbon€Emission€Testing€For€a€Gas€Turbine€At€AlgonquinÏGas€Transmission€Company,€Hanover,€NJ.€€November€13€and€14,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ203.à0  àEngineering€Testing€at€PGT€Compressor€Station€6,€Unit€A.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,Ð ü L  ÐConcord,€California€for€Pacific€Gas€Transmission€Company,€San€Francisco,€California.€ÏNovember€14,€1994.Ð (#(# ÐÌ204.à0  àTest€Report€for€the€1994€Initial€Compliance€and€Monitor€Certification€Testing€on€theÐ ¬ü  ÐSoLoNOx€Combustor€(unit€A)€at€PGT€Compressor€Station€6,€Near€Rosalia,€Washington.€ÏPrepared€by€Carnot,€Boulder,€Colorado€for€Pacific€Gas€Transmission€Company,€SanÏFrancisco,€California.€€October,€1994.Ð (#(# ÐÌ205.à0  àCompliance€Source€Test€Report€performed€by€Petro€Chem€Environmental€Services,€Inc.,Ð H˜ ÐBakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€for€Pacific€Gas€Transmission€Company,€San€Francisco,ÏCalifornia.€€April€10,€1991Ð (#(# ÐÌ206.à0  àTest€Report€for€the€Relative€Accuracy€Test€Audit€at€PGT€Compressor€Station€6,€Unit€A,Ð øH ÐNear€Rosalia,€Washington.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Pacific€GasÏTransmission€Company,€San€Francisco,€California.€€May,€1995.Ð (#(# ÐÌ207.à0  àSource€Emission€Evaluation€for€Northwest€Pipeline€Corporation€for€RooseveltÐ ¨ø ÐCompressor€Station€Solar€Taurus€T7000€Natural€Gas€Turbine,€Klickitat€County,ÏWashington.€€Prepared€by€AmTest€Air€Quality,€Inc.€Preston,€Washington.€€August,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ208.à0  àTest€Report€for€the€Initial€Compliance€Testing€at€the€PGT€Compressor€Station€7,€Unit€C,Ð X ¨ ÐNear€Starbuck,€Washington.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,€Concord,€California€for€Pacific€GasÏTransmission€Company,€San€Francisco,€California.€€July,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ209.à0  àSource€Emission€Evaluation€for€Northwest€Pipeline€Corporation€for€Willard€CompressorÐ $X" ÐStation€Solar€Turbines,€Inc.€ð ðCentaur„Hðð€T5500,€Natural€Gas€Turbine,€Willard,ÏWashington.€€Prepared€by€AmTest€Air€Quality,€Inc.€Preston,€Washington.€September€27„¼28,€1994.Ð (#(# ÐÌ210.à0  àSource€Test€Report€Four€75€Megawatt€Gas€Turbines€Kern€River€Cogeneration€Company,Ð ¤(ô#' ÐBakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science€for€Submittal€to€San€JoaquinÏValley€Unified€Air€Pollution€Control€District.€€March€9,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ211.à0  àEmission€Test€Results€at€Compressor€Station€6,€Unit€A,€Near€Rosalia,€Washington.€Ð T,¤'+ ÐPrepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Pacific€Gas€Transmission€Company.€Jan,€1991.Ð@-(,(#(# Ї212.à0  àAgrico€Cogeneration€Corporation,€San€Joaquin,€California,€Emission€Tests.€€ReportÐ ° Ð#7777-0263.€€Prepared€by€Genesis€Environmental€Services€Company.€€June€12,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ213.à0  àReport€Of:€Compliance€and€Relative€Accuracy€Testing,€Turbine€SCR€Inlet/Outlet€andÐ tÄ ÐDiverter€Valve,€Gaviota€Oil€and€Gas€Processing€Plant,€Gaviota,€California.€€Prepared€byÏEngineering-Science,€Inc.€€June€4,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ214.à0  àSource€Test€Report€Four€75€Megawatt€Gas€Turbines€Sycamore€Cogeneration€Company,Ð $ t ÐBakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science€for€San€Joaquin€Valley€UnifiedÏAir€Pollution€Control€District.€€March€12,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ215.à0  àAir€Pollution€compliance€Test€Live€Oak€Cogeneration€Facility.€€Prepared€by€Petro€ChemÐ Ô$  ÐEnvironmental€Services,€Inc.€€May€1993Ð (#(# ÐÌ216.à0  àSource€Test€Report€and€Relative€Accuracy€Audit,€Single€Natural€Gas€Fired€Turbine,Ð ˜è  ÐCoalinga€Cogeneration€Company,€Coalinga,€California.€€Prepared€byÏEngineering-Science,€Inc.€for€Submittal€to€San€Joaquin€Unified€Air€Pollution€ControlÏDistrict.€€April€1,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ217.à0  àCompliance€Source€Test€Report€for€U.S.€Borax€&€Chemical€Corporation€Boron€(48MWÐ 4„ ÐCogen)€Facility.€€Prepared€by€Titan€Environmental.€€Tested€December€8,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ218.à0  àReport€On€Source€Emission€Testing€of€a€Gas€Turbine€Conducted€For€Oakland€Scavenger.€Ð øH ÐReference:€TMA/Norcal€C.N.€5-410.€€May€22,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ219.à0  àCompliance€Source€Test€Report€for€U.S.€Borax€&€Chemical€Corporation€Boron€(48MWÐ ¼  ÐCogen)€Facility.€€Prepared€by€Titan€Environmental.€€Tested€December€8,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ220.à0  àSource€Test€Report€Double€C€Limited,€Bakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Petro€ChemÐ €Ð ÐEnvironmental€Services.€€March€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ221.à0  àReport€of€Annual€Air€Pollution€Compliance€Testing€of€a€Gas€Turbine€CogenerationÐ D!” ÐUnits.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science,€Inc.€for€Kern€County€Air€Pollution€ControlÏDistrict.€€February€18,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ222.à0  àAnnual€Compliance€Test€Chevron€U.S.A.26C€Cogeneration€Plant€Unit€#'s€1,2,3,&4.€Ð ô$D # ÐReport€#7777-0361.€€Prepared€by€Genesis€Environmental€Services€Company.€€AugustÏ1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ223.à0  àGas€Turbine€Emission€Testing€for€McClure€Generating€Station.€€Prepared€by€AcurexÐ ¤(ô#' ÐCorporation€for€Modesta€Irrigation€District.€€December€18,€1989.Ð (#(# ÐÌ224.à0  àAir€Pollution€Source€Testing€at€Chalk€Cliff€Limited€Cogeneration€Facility,€Maricopa,Ð h+¸&* ÐCalifornia.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science,€Inc.€for€Submittal€to€San€Joaquin€ValleyÏUnified€Air€Pollution€Control€District/Kern€County€APCD.€€January€1992.Ð@-(,(#(# Ї225.à0  àTest€Report€on€Exhaust€Emissions€from€two€Westinghouse€Model€W301-G€Gas€TurbinesÐ ° Ðat€the€Refinery€in€Philadelphia,€PN,€Tested€by€Sun€Reflining€and€Marketing€Company,ÏMay€1991Ð (#(# ÐÌ226.à0  àCompliance€Test€Report€#098-303€(Turbine)€South€Vandenburg€Power€Plant.€€PreparedÐ `° Ðby€Petro€Chem€Environmental€Services,€Inc.€€December€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ227.à0  àSource€Sampling€Report€for€Measurement€of€NOx€and€CO€Emissions,€CombustionÐ $ t ÐTurbine€Units€11,€12,€and€22,€Philadelphia€Electric€Company.€€Report€R-04-6314-000.€ÏPrepared€by€Gilbert/Commonwealth,€Inc.€€August,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ228.à0  àCombustion€Turbine€Emissions€Test€Report€for€Utilities€of€Springfield,€MO.€€Prepared€byÐ Ô$  ÐTotal€Source€Analysis,€Inc.€€August€,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ229.à0  àEmission€Testing€at€Coalinga€Cogeneration€Plant.€€Report€PS-90-2284.€€Prepared€byÐ ˜è  ÐSteiner€Environmental,€Inc.€for€Shell€Western€Exploration€&€Production,€Inc.€€OctoberÏ1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ230.à0  àAir€Pollution€Compliance€Test€for€Two€Turbines€at€Kern€Front€Limited€CogenerationÐ H˜ ÐFacility,€Bakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science€for€Kern€County€AirÏPollution€Control€District.€€March€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ231.à0  àOxides€of€Nitrogen,€Carbon€Monoxide€and€Opacity,€Source€#€87-4,€Amoco€ProductionÐ øH ÐCompany,€Morganza€Field€CTB€#1€and€Sweetening€Facility,€Morganza,€Louisiana.€€JuneÏ28,€1988.Ð (#(# ÐÌ232.à0  àSource€Emission€Evaluation€for€Northwest€Pipeline€Corporation€for€Willard€CompressorÐ ¨ø ÐStation€Solar€Turbines,€Inc.€ð ðCentaur„Hðð€T5500,€Natural€Gas€Turbine,€Willard,ÏWashington.€€Prepared€by€AmTest€Air€Quality,€Inc.€Preston,€Washington.€€August€16„17,Ï20,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ233.à0  àGrau,€Joseph.€€Cogeneration€Partners€Riverside€Hospital€Cogeneration€Unit,€Toledo,Ð D!” ÐOhio,€Emission€Test€Report.€€Prepared€by€Monarch€Analytical€Laboratories,€Inc.€€JuneÏ15,€1989.Ð (#(# ÐÌ234.à0  àW.€Schneider,€Air€Pollution€Control€Engineer,€Division€Of€Technical€Services€AndÐ ô$D # ÐMonitoring,€Bureau€Of€Air€Quality€Control,€Commonwealth€Of€Pennsylvania,€toÏTranscontinental€Gas€Pipe€Line€Corporation€(TRANSCO),€Station€515,€Bear€CreekÏTownship,€Lazerne€County,€PA.€€Memorandum:€Emission€evaluation€of€the€Solar€naturalÏgas€fired€turbine€and€natural€gas€fired€reciprocating€engine.€€June€1,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ235.à0  àGE€Gas€Turbine€Cogeneration€Facility,€Emission€Compliance€Test€Program,€Final€TestÐ |*Ì%) ÐReport.€€ARI€Project€No.:€408-24.€€Prepared€By:€ARI€Environmental,€Inc.,€ArlingtonÏHeights,€IL.€€for€FINA€Oil€And€Chemical€Company,€Port€Arthur,€TX.€€February€7-9,Ï1989.Ð@-(,(#(# Ї236.à0  àSource€Test€Report€Gas€Turbine€at€Chalk€Cliff.€€Prepared€by€Petro€Chem€EnvironmentalÐ ° ÐServices,€Inc.€€January€1993Ð (#(# ÐÌ237.à0  àEmissions€Test€Report,€G.E.€Frame€3€Gas€Turbine,€Tennessee€Gas€Pipeline,€Station€17,Ð tÄ ÐEast€Bernard,€TX.€€Prepared€By:€Pellette,€Tom,€Tenneco€Gas,€Technical€ServicesÏDepartment,€Houston,€TX€for€Texas€Air€Control€Board.€€January€31,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ238.à0  àTest€Report€for€Air€Emissions€Testing€and€Relative€Accuracy€Audit€at€the€SERKÐ $ t ÐCogeneration€Facility€Bakersville,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science,€Inc.€forÏSan€Joaquin€Valley€Unified€Air€Pollution€Control€District.€€February€11,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ239.à0  àSource€test€report€High€Sierra€Limited€Cogeneration€Facility.€€Prepared€by€Petro€ChemÐ Ô$  ÐEnvironmental€Services,€Inc.€€March€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ240.à0  àEmission€testing€at€Coalinga€Cogeneration€Plant.€€Report€PS-91-2367.€€Prepared€byÐ ˜è  ÐSteiner€Environmental,€Inc.€for€Shell€Western€Exploration€&€Production,€Inc.€€FebruaryÏ1991Ð (#(# ÐÌ241.à0  àAir€Pollution€Source€Testing€at€the€Kern€Front€Limited€Cogeneration€Facility,Ð H˜ ÐBakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science€for€Submittal€to€Kern€CountyÏAir€Pollution€Control€District.€€March€6,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ242.à0  àSource€test€of€three€natural€gas€fired€turbines€at€the€SEKR€Cogeneration€Facility,Ð øH ÐBakersfield,€California.€€Prepared€by€Engineering-Science,€Inc.€for€San€Joaquin€ValleyÏUnified€Air€Pollution€Control€District.€€April€27,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ243.à0  àEmission€Performance€Testing€of€Four€Units€Site:€Celite€Corporation€Lompoc,€CA.€Ð ¨ø ÐPrepared€by€Western€Environmental€€Services.€€November€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌÌ300.à0  àMeasurement€of€Emissions,€Total€Energy€Facility€Gas€Turbine€at€Joint€Water€PollutionÐ X ¨ ÐControl€Plant,€Carson€California.€€Prepared€by€Calscience€Environmental€Laboratories,ÏInc.,€Cypress,€California€for€County€Sanitation€Districts€of€Los€Angeles€County,€Whittier,ÏCalifornia.€€August€17,€1992.Ð (#(# ÐÌ301.à0  àMeasurement€of€Emissions,€Total€Energy€Facility€Gas€Turbine€No.€1,€Digester€Gas€InletÐ ô$D # Ðat€Joint€Water€Pollution€Control€Plant,€Carson€California.€€Prepared€by€CalscienceÏEnvironmental€Laboratories,€Inc.,€Stanton,€California€for€County€Sanitation€Districts€ofÏLos€Angeles€County,€Whittier,€California.€€March€19,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ302.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill.€€Prepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,Ð )à$( ÐCalifornia€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,€California.€€June,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ303.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€December€1990.€€PreparedÐ T,¤'+ Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,Ð @-(, ÐCalifornia.€€February,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ304.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€August€1991.€€Prepared€byÐ ˆØ ÐCarnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€November,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ305.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Natco€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€September€1993.€€PreparedÐ 8 ˆ Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€November,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ306.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Natco€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€November€1991.€€PreparedÐ è 8  Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€December,€1991.Ð (#(# ÐÌ307.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Natco€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€November€1994.€€PreparedÐ ˜è  Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€December,€1994.Ð (#(# ÐÌ308.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€March€1995.€€Prepared€byÐ H˜ ÐCarnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€April,€1995.Ð (#(# ÐÌ309.à0  àEmission€Test€Results€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€November€21,€1995.€Ð øH ÐPrepared€by€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,ÏWhitter,€California.€€January,€1996.Ð (#(# ÐÌ310.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Natco€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€July€1990.€€Prepared€byÐ ¨ø ÐCarnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€September,€1990.Ð (#(# ÐÌ311.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€October€1992.€€Prepared€byÐ X ¨ ÐCarnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€January,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ312.à0  àEmission€Tests€on€the€Solar€Turbine€at€Puente€Hills€Landfill,€September€1993.€€PreparedÐ $X" Ðby€Carnot,€Tustin,€California€for€Los€Angeles€County€Sanitation€District,€Whitter,ÏCalifornia.€€November,€1993.Ð (#(# ÐÌ313€„€317.à0 ` àTests€conducted€on€gas€turbines€by€Carnot,€Boulder,€Colorado,€at€confidentialÐ ¸'#& Ðlocations.€Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌ318.à0  àFormaldehyde,€Acetaldehyde,€and€Benzene€Control€Efficiency€at€Federal€Cold€Storage,Ð |*Ì%) ÐMarch€14,€1997.€€Prepared€by€Delta€à À àAir€Quality€Services,€Orange,€California,€forÐ h+¸&* ÐSunlaw€Energy€Corporation,€Los€Angeles,€California.€€April€2,€1997.ò òÐ T,¤'+(#(# ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†X†TXX X†Tc;#ÔÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔAppendix€Bó óÐ ° Ðò òHAPs€and€Criteria€Pollutant€Source€Test€Acceptance€Criteria€Checklistó óÐ œì ÐÌÔ‡ ô÷¦ôX X†TÔÒ„°ÒÒ.oȪȪ°T$°T$.ÒÔ  ÔÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô °œXZÓÓ ½4ÓÐ tÄ ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓSource€TestÌReport€#____ÌDate__________Ó ½4ÓÐ ` ° ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓSource€TestÌReport€#____ÌDate__________Ó ½4ÓÐ ` °  ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòBASIC€TURBINE€INFORMATIONó óóóÐ ˆ Ø  Ðà0 Ü àManufacturerÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àModel€#Ð ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àRating€(BHP€or€MW)Ð ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àOperating€Cycle€(Simple,€Regenerative,€etc.)Ó ½4ÓЖ æÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ 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ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòEXHAUST€INFORMATIONó óóóÐ à0@ Ðà0 Ü àTemperatureÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àFlowrate€(F„Factor€or€Measured)Ó ½4ÓÐf¶BÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ h¸E ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ h¸H ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòEMISSIONS€TESTó óóóÐ àI Ð*Criteria€PollutantsÌà0 Ü àHAPSÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àOxygen€or€COòò2óóÐÚ*LÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àMoistureÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àAveraging€TimeÓ ½4ÓÐb ²NÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ d ´T ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ d ´Z ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòMETHODS€USEDó óóóÐ Œ!Ü[ Ðà0 Ü àCARBÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àEPAÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àOther€____________________Ó ½4ÓÐÖ#&^ÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ Ø#(b ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ Ø#(f ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòQUALITY€CONTROL€DOCUMENTATIONó óóóÐ %P g Ðà0 Ü àCalibration€of€InstrumentsÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àSpecialty€GasesÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àCEMsÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àDry€Gas€MetersÓ ½4ÓÐ(^#kÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ (`#p ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ì______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ (`#u ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓò òòòMISCELLANEOUSó óóóÐ 8)ˆ$v Ðà0 Ü àLimits€of€Detection€ReportingÐ ÜÜ Ðà0 Ü àSupplemental€Firing€DetailsÓ ½4Óо*&xÜÜ ÐÓdÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ À*&{ ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ! ÿÿ„Ü4ÿÿ„•,!ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓ  ÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„‚XZÓÌ______________Ì______________Ó ½4ÓÐ À*&~ ÐÓdÓÓ  ÓÓ3ÿÿ „Ü4Œ ä <”ìDÿÿ„•,3ÓÓ ½4ÓÌÓdÓÓZFÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô ÿÿ„ˆXZÓÓ ½4ÓÐ è+8' ÐÐ „+Ô& ÐÐ „+Ô& ÐÒ.oȪȪ°°.ÒÒ„°ÒÓfRÿÿ„°Ü4` Œ ¸ ä <h”ÀìDpœÈô L¤ü!T$ÿÿ„•,fÓ*Attach€separate€sheet€if€necessary€(ppb,€ppm,€lb€per€hr€as€measured€and€corrected€to€15%€Oòò2óó€or€12%€COòò2óó,€etc.,€dry).Ô#†ô÷¦ôô ô÷¦ªš#ÔÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦L›#ÔÔ‡ X†TXXX†TÔò òÐ  ¬,ü' ÐÔ V;ÔÓ{šÓÔ#†X†TXX X†T^Ä#ÔÓ  ÓAppendix€CÐ ° ÐValidity€of€Formaldehyde€Emissions€Data€at€Coolwater€Unit€42ó óÐ Ì ÐÓÙÄÓÔ‡ XÞ¸XXX†TÔÔ‡ &·g&X XÞ¸ÔÌÌÔ#† XÞ¸X& &·g‡Å#ÔÔ#†X†TXX XÞ¸hÅ#ÔÔ‡X†TXXX†TÔTwo€source€tests€were€conducted€on€Southern€California€Edisonððs€(SCE)€Coolwater€Station€Unit€42,€aÐ žî Ðwater„injected€Westinghouse€501B€turbine.€€In€the€first€set€of€tests€(Test€Report€4.1.1€and€4.1.2)Ïconducted€March€26„29,€1990,€data€were€collected€for€a€number€of€HAPs€while€the€turbine€was€operatedÏon€fuel€oil€and€then€on€natural€gas.€€The€emissions€(lb/MMBtu)€measured€during€fuel€oil€firing€wereÏconsistent€with€emissions€measured€from€other€turbines.€€However,€the€formaldehyde€emissionsÏmeasured€during€natural€gas€firing€were€two€orders€of€magnitude€greater€than€the€expected€results.€ForÏthis€reason,€the€turbine€was€retested€for€formaldehyde€only€on€October€31,€1990,€while€the€unit€wasÏfiring€natural€gas.€€This€test€is€included€in€the€database€as€test€report€#4.2.€€The€formaldehyde€emissionsÏmeasured€during€this€test€were€consistent€with€the€formaldehyde€emissions€measured€from€other€naturalÏgas„fired€turbines.ÌÌThe€test€reports€were€reviewed€by€Alpha„Gamma€to€identify€differences€in€turbine€operating€conditionsÏor€quality€control€issues€that€could€help€explain€the€high€formaldehyde€emission€measurement€in€the€firstÏtest.€€Based€on€this€analysis,€which€is€included€as€Attachment€C„1,€it€was€concluded€that€there€was€notÏsufficient€information€to€exclude€the€high€formaldehyde€emission€data€collected€in€the€first€test.ÌÌMembers€of€the€Combustion€Turbine€Work€Group€(CTWG)€of€the€ICCR€later€reviewed€the€SCEÏCoolwater€source€test€report€in€detail.€€Based€on€their€review,€a€number€of€questions€arose€about€turbineÏload,€sample€handling,€and€QA/QC€results€from€the€natural€gas„firing€phase€of€the€March€1990€test.€€AÏmemo€prepared€by€the€CTWG€on€this€review€is€included€as€Attachment€C„2;€specific€questions€andÏconcerns€are€listed€below:ÌÌÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÍÝð"ðà0 ° àÝ  ÝSampling€equipment€did€not€meet€the€QA/QC€requirements€of€EPA€Method€3B;݃$cÍÍÝŒÐV°T$°T$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÔÍÝð"ðà0 ° àÝ  ÝBased€on€Oòò2óó€and€COòò2óó€measurements,€it€does€not€appear€that€the€turbine€was€operated€at€constant€loadÐ "r Ðas€was€indicated€in€the€report;݃$cÔÍïÍ݌Р°T$°T$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$cûÎÝð"ðà0 ° àÝ  ÝSamples€were€not€analyzed€within€the€time€period€specified€by€CARB€Method€430;݃$cûÎÏÝŒÐ*!z°T$°T$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÕÏÝð"ðà0 ° àÝ  ÝSample€blanks€indicated€contamination;€and݃$cÕÏðÏÝŒÐF"–°T$°T$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$c‹ÐÝð"ðà0 ° àÝ  ÝSampling€rate€was€very€low€for€the€relatively€high€range€gas€meter€used€during€the€March€1990€test.݃$c‹Ð¦ÐÝŒÐb#²°T$°T$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÌDue€to€these€concerns,€the€March€1990€test€while€the€turbine€was€firing€natural€gas€(test€report€#4.1.2)Ïhas€been€marked€with€an€ð ðxðð€to€indicate€that€it€should€not€be€used€in€developing€emission€factors€forÏcombustion€turbines.ÌÐ  Ž(Þ#$ Ðò òÔ#†X†TXXX†TîÅ#ÔÓ  ÓñÀ ñÑ€=ÙÑñÀ ñAttachment€C„1ó óÐ ° ÐAlpha„Gamma€Review€of€Test€Report€4.1.2Ô‡ XÞ¸XXX†TÔÔ‡ &·g&X XÞ¸ÔÐ Ì ÐÔ#†&-‹&& &·gÓ#ÔÔ#†X†TX&&-‹3Ó#ÔÓ ÒÓÓ  ÓÔ‡X†TXXX†TÔÌÓ  Óò òÌÓéÓÓó óÔ#†X†TXXX†TÉÓ#ÔÔ‡7X†TXXX†TÔMEMORANDUMÐ  p ÐÌÓÍÌÓDATE:à  àFebruary€2,€1998Ð X ¨ ÐÌSUBJECT:à0 4 àFormaldehyde€Results€for€Combustion€Turbine€No.€42€at€the€SCE€Coolwater€GeneratingÐ  l ÐStationÐ 4T$4T$ ÐÌTO:à Ü àà  àSims€RoyÐ œì  ÐÌFROM:à  àDan€Herndon,€Alpha„Gamma€Technologies,€Inc.Ð `°  ÐÓÍÌnÔÓÌÌà ° àEmission€tests€were€conducted€on€combustion€turbine€No.€42€at€SCEððs€Coolwater€Generating€StationÏon€March€26„29,€1990€and€on€October€31,€1990.€€Analysis€was€conducted€for€a€number€of€pollutants€in€theÏfirst€test.€€The€second€test€was€conducted€to€reevaluate€formaldehyde€emissions€only,€since€the€formaldehydeÏemission€results€in€the€first€test€were€ð ðinconsistent€with€and€significantly€higher€than€results€from€otherÏnatural€gas€fired€turbines.ðð€€In€the€first€test,€data€were€collected€while€the€turbine€was€firing€two€differentÏfuels,€natural€gas€and€distillate€fuel€oil.€€In€the€second€test,€formaldehyde€emissions€were€measured€whileÏthe€turbine€was€firing€natural€gas.ÌÌà ° àTable€1€summarizes€the€formaldehyde€emissions€and€turbine€operating€data€collected€during€the€twoÏtests.€€As€seen€in€Table€1,€the€formaldehyde€emissions€measured€during€natural€gas€firing€in€the€first€testÏwere€significantly€higher€(>30€times€higher)€than€during€both€fuel€oil€firing€in€the€first€test€and€natural€gasÏfiring€in€the€second€test.€€Alpha„Gamma€reviewed€the€test€reports€to€identify€differences€in€turbine€operatingÏconditions€or€quality€control€issues€that€could€help€explain€the€high€formaldehyde€emission€measurementÏin€the€first€test.€€Based€on€this€analysis,€which€is€discussed€below,€we€do€not€believe€that€there€is€sufficientÏinformation€to€exclude€the€high€formaldehyde€emission€data€collected€in€the€first€test.ÌÌà ° àAccording€to€the€first€test€report,€the€turbine€was€operated€at€a€load€of€63€megawatts€(MW)€during€bothÏnatural€gas€and€fuel€oil€firing.€€During€the€second€test€(i.e.,€the€formaldehyde€retest),€the€turbine€wasÏoperating€at€a€72€MW€load€while€firing€natural€gas.€€During€the€first€test,€the€percent€oxygen€(%€Oòò2óó)€in€theÐ Ò%"!" Ðturbine€exhaust€gas€ranged€from€16.1%€to€17.1%€while€firing€natural€gas€and€was€about€15.7%€Oòò2óó€whileÐ ¾&"# Ðfiring€distillate€oil.€€The€higher€%Oòò2óó€suggests€that€the€turbine€may€have€been€operating€at€a€lower€load€duringÐ ª'ú"$ Ðnatural€gas€firing.€€However,€the€fuel€use€data€appear€to€confirm€that€the€turbine€was€operating€at€about€theÏsame€load€while€firing€natural€gas€and€fuel€oil€during€the€first€test.€€The€heat€loads€calculated€using€fuel€useÏdata€and€fuel€heating€values€are€866€MMBtu/hr€and€871€MMBtu/hr€for€natural€gas€and€fuel€oil€firing,Ïrespectively.€€Ô#†X†TXX7X†T/Ô#ÔÔ‡1Xkš XXX†TÔÐ Z+ª&( ÐÌÐ -à(* ÐÑ=ÙÑÑTRP Ø'3 Letter Landscape3Ø' Ø'3 Letter Landscapeÿ3Ø'TÑÑ  ÑÌÓ  ÓÔ‡1ô%– ô X1XkšÔÔ#†ô÷¦ô ô1ô%–yß#ÔÔ‡8ô÷¦ôôô÷¦ÔTable€1.€€Formaldehyde€Emissions€and€Turbine€Operating€ConditionsÐ Ê ÐTurbine€No.€42€at€the€SCE€Coolwater€Generating€StationÌÓ3áÓÓ  Ó(Westinghouse€PACE€520€Combined€Cycle€Turbine)Ô#†ô÷¦ôô8ô÷¦á#ÔÔ‡1ô%– ôôô÷¦ÔÔ#†1Xkš X ô1ô%–?á#ÔÐ ¢ò ÐÓ=âÓÌÔ*wƒ23ddd Xdd Xdd X„ 0„ 0wÔÔ,*dd ÔÔ,Fdd ÔÔ,édd ÔÔ,A dd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ  ¨ ø „„ÐÔ#†X†TX X1Xkššâ#ÔÔ‡:X†TXXX†TÔÔ‡:ÂíùÂX:X†TÔÐ +! \" „„……+ÐTest€1Ð *  \" „„*ÐTest€2òòaóóÐ .€ \" „„.ÐParameterÐ ;€*P   " „„;ÐDistillate€Oil€Ð ;€*P   " „„;ÐNatural€GasÐ ;€*P   " „„;ÐNatural€GasÐ 4*P   " „„4ÐTest€DateÐ '” ä  „„'Ð3/28/90Ð '” ä" „„'Ð3/29/90Ð '” ä" „„'Ð10/31/90Ð '” ä" „„'ÐFormaldehyde€EmissionsòòbóóÐ 'Ø (  „„'ÐÐ 'Ø ( " „„'ÐÐ 'Ø ( " „„'ÐÐ 'Ø ( " „„'Ðà0 ° àPounds/Hour€(lb/hr)Ð SIl °J°J Ãõ(\Âí?0.93„„‰Ãõ(\Âí?‰SÐ0.93Ð ka4l " Ãõ(\Âí?0.93 Ãõ(\Âí? =@29.0„„‰=@‰kÐ29.0Ð ka4l " =@29.0 =@ ffffffÖ?0.35„„‰ffffffÖ?‰kÐ0.35Ð I?4l " ffffffÖ?0.35 ffffffÖ? „„IÐà0 ° àPounds/Million€BTUs€(lb/MMBtu)Ð 1'`° °J°J „„1Ð1.02x10òò„3óóÐ '`° " „„'Ð3.82x10òò„2óóÐ '`° " „„'Ð3.44x10òò„4óóÐ '`° " „„'ÐFuel€Useòòcóó€Ð '¤ô  „„'Ð103€gal/minÐ '¤ô " „„'Ð870,000€std€ftòò3óó/hrÐ '¤ô " „„'Ð960,000€std€ftòò3óó/hrÐ '¤ô " „„'ÐHeating€Valueòòd€óóÐ 'è8! „„'Ð141,000€Btu/galÐ 'è8"" „„'Ð995€Btu/std€ftòò3óóÐ 'è8#" „„'Ð995€Btu/std€ftòò3óóÐ 'è8$" „„'ÐLoad€(Megawatts)òòeóóÐ G=,|%  €O@63„„‰€O@‰GÐ63Ð g]2,|&"  €O@63 €O@  €O@63„„‰€O@‰gÐ63Ð g]2,|'"  €O@63 €O@  R@72„„‰R@‰gÐ72Ð G=2,|("  R@72 R@ „„GÐHeat€Input€(MMBtu/hrÔ#†:X†TXÂ:ÂíùPä#ÔÔ‡:ÂíùÂX:X†TÔ)òòfóóÔ#†:X†TXÂ:Âíù§í#ÔÔ‡:ÂíùÂX:X†TÔÐ H>pÀ) 8‹@871„„‰8‹@‰HÐ871Ð i_3pÀ*" 8‹@871 8‹@ ‹@866„„‰‹@‰iÐ866Ð i_3pÀ+" ‹@866 ‹@ Ø@955„„‰Ø@‰iÐ955Ð H>3pÀ," Ø@955 Ø@ „„HÐ%O2€in€Turbine€Exhaust€GasòògóóÐ I?´- ffffff/@15.7„„‰ffffff/@‰IÐ15.7Ð I?4´." ffffff/@15.7 ffffff/@ „„IÐ16.1€and€17.1Ð I?´/" /@15.5„„‰/@‰IÐ15.5Ð I?4´0" /@15.5 /@ „„IÐWater€Injection€Rate€(gal/min)òòhóóÐ 'øH1 „„'Ð41€„€51Ð 'øH2" „„'Ð69€„€81Ð G=øH3"  €T@82„„‰€T@‰GÐ82Ô#†:X†TXÂ:Âíùñí#ÔÔ#†X†TXX:X†T1ä#ÔÔ‡1Xkš XXX†TÔÐB86øH4"  €T@82 €T@ BÐÔ‡1ÂàœÂ X1XkšÔÌÔ#†ÂíùÂÂ1Âàœåñ#ÔÔ‡;ÂíùÂÂÂíùÔNote:à0 Ü àData€presented€in€Table€1€were€obtained€from€the€following€report:€€ð ðAir€Toxics€Emissions€Inventory€Testing€at€Coolwater€Generating€Station€Combustion€No.€42.ðð€€The€first€versionÐ µ5 Ðof€this€report€was€prepared€in€May€1990,€and€the€second€version€was€prepared€in€January€1991.€€Except€where€noted,€data€in€Table€1€were€obtained€from€the€January€1991€version.Ð Ü 0Ü 0 ÐòòÌaóóFormaldehyde€was€the€only€pollutant€measured€in€the€second€test.Ð » 8 ÐòòbóóTable€4„3€of€the€May€1990€and€January€1991€reports€present€the€formaldehyde€emissions€data€from€the€two€tests.Ð ß9 ÐòòcóóAppendix€C.2€and€C.3.Ð c³: ÐòòdóóAppendix€C.7.Ð 7‡; ÐòòeóóTable€3„2.Ð  [< ÐòòfóóCalculated€using€fuel€use€and€fuel€heat€valueÔ#†;X†TXÂ;ÂíùFò#ÔÔ‡;ÂíùÂX;X†TÔ.Ð ß/= ÐòògóóTable€4„6€and€Appendix€C.3.Ð ³ > Ðâ âòòhóóAppendicies€C.2€and€C.3.Ð ‡!×? ÐÔ#†ÂíùÂÂ;Âíù‰ò#ÔÔ‡1ÂàœÂÂÂíùÔÔ#†1Xkš XÂ1Âàœ ö#ÔÐ ° Ðâ âÑTRY3Ø' LetterP Ø'3 Letter Landscape 3Ø' Letter Ø'3 Letter LandscapeTÑà ° àÔ#†X†TX X1Xkš×ö#ÔÔ‡<X†TXXX†TÔThe€16.1€and€17.1%O2€measurements€shown€in€Table€1€were€taken€during€the€stack€velocity€tests.€Ð ° ÐPercent€Oòò2óó€measurements€were€also€taken€during€the€first€test€using€a€portable€meter.€€The€3.82€x€10òò„2óó€lbÐ œì Ðformaldehyde/MMBtu€emission€rate€shown€in€Table€1€for€natural€gas€firing€during€the€first€test€wasÏcalculated€based€on€the€17.1%€Oòò2óó€measurement.€€The€normalized€formaldehyde€emissions€would€decreaseÐ tÄ Ðby€about€20%€to€3.03€x€10òò„2óó€lb/MMBtu€if€the€16.1%€Oòò2óó€measurement€was€used€in€the€calculation.€€TheÐ `° Ð16.1%€Oòò2óó€measurement€appears€to€be€a€more€representative€value€based€on€the€%O2€readings€taken€withÐ L œ Ðthe€portable€Oòò2óó€meter,€which€ranged€from€15.5%€to€16.5%€Oòò2óó.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà ° àDuring€the€first€test,€while€firing€natural€gas,€the€water€injection€rate€ranged€from€69€„€81€gallons€perÏminute€(gpm),€but€it€was€about€80€gpm€during€most€of€the€time€period€when€natural€gas€was€being€fired.€ÏThe€water€injection€rate€during€the€second€test€was€82€gpm€even€though€the€turbine€was€firing€about€10%Ïmore€natural€gas.€€However,€criteria€pollutant€emissions€were€not€measured€during€either€test.€€Therefore,Ïno€carbon€monoxide€(CO)€or€nitrogen€oxides€(NOx)€data€are€available€to€evaluate€and€compare€combustionÏconditions€in€the€two€tests.ÌÌà ° àAlpha„Gamma€contacted€Kevin€Crosby,€an€expert€in€source€testing€who€was€formerly€with€the€companyÏthat€conducted€the€emission€tests,€to€discuss€quality€control€issues€with€the€first€test.€€He€pointed€out€that€theÏformaldehyde€concentrations€in€the€blank€samples€collected€during€the€first€test€were€higher€thanÏconcentrations€in€the€spike€analyses€conducted€by€the€laboratory.€€This€comparison€suggests€that€the€blanksÏmay€have€been€contaminated€by€formaldehyde€in€the€ambient€air.€€If€this€was€the€case,€the€DNPH€solutionÏused€in€the€sampling€train€could€have€also€been€contaminated€and€resulted€in€an€artificially€highÏformaldehyde€emission€measurement.€€However,€the€blank€and€spike€sample€analyses€cannot€confirmÏwhether€or€not€the€DNPH€solution€may€have€been€contaminated.ÌÌà ° àMr.€Crosby€suggested€the€gas€meter€used€during€testing€as€another€potential€source€of€uncertainty€in€theÏtest€results.€€A€relatively€high„range€dry€gas€meter€was€used€during€all€of€the€tests.€€Because€the€gas€sampleÏvolume€collected€during€testing€was€in€the€low€range€for€the€meter€being€used,€the€accuracy€of€the€sampleÏvolume€measurement€may€have€been€reduced.€€The€sample€volumes€were€lowest€during€natural€gas€firingÏin€the€first€test,€so€the€potential€for€error€was€greatest€during€this€phase€of€the€first€test.€€However,€thisÏpotential€source€of€error€cannot€be€confirmed€based€only€on€information€in€the€report.ÌÌà ° àMr.€Crosby€concludes€that,€although€there€are€some€uncertainties,€the€results€from€the€first€test€areÏconsistent€in€quality€with€other€tests€conducted€using€CARB€430€as€it€existed€in€1990.€€Based€on€our€analysisÏof€the€test€reports€and€the€input€provided€by€Mr.€Crosby,€we€recommend€that€the€formaldehyde€results€fromÏthe€first€test€remain€in€the€turbine€emissions€database.ÌÌà ° àA€memorandum€documenting€Mr.€Crosbyððs€analysis€is€included€in€Attachment€A.€€It€should€be€notedÏthat€Mr.€Crosby€developed€his€heat€input€comments€using€emission€summary€sheets€provided€to€him€byÏAlpha„Gamma.€€He€did€not€have€access€to€the€full€test€reports€which€contain€data€sheets€identifying€theÏspecific€fuel€usage€rates€during€the€tests.ÌÐ   +ð&( Ðò òÓ  ÓAttachment€A€to€Attachment€C„1ó óÐ ° ÐÓßÓÌMemorandumÌÌTo:€Brahim€Richani,€Alpha„GammaÌFrom:€Kevin€Crosby,€Avogadro€Group€(formerly€Northern€Cal.€Office€of€Carnot)ÌSubject:€Formaldehyde€results€for€1990€testing€by€Carnot€at€SCE€CoolwaterÌÌBrahim:ÌÌà ° àYou€and€I€discussed€the€results€of€tests€done€to€measure€emissions€of€formaldehyde€from€the€gas€turbineÏunit€at€SCE€Coolwater.€€As€I€understand€your€situation,€you€wanted€to€qualify€the€data€in€question€forÏinclusion€in€a€database.€Therefore,€the€data€should€represent€emissions€at€full€load€on€the€unit.€€The€resultsÏfrom€the€tests€run€while€the€turbine€was€fired€on€oil€appear€to€be€reasonably€representative,€while€those€fromÏthe€operation€on€natural€gas€seem€odd.ÌÌà ° àAs€we€discussed€on€the€phone,€there€are€several€reasons€for€considering€the€results€to€be€non„¼representative.€€First€of€all,€the€oxygen€concentration€(approx.€17%€vol.€Dry)€during€the€test€runs€on€naturalÏgas€indicates€that€the€turbine€was€operating€at€a€reduced€load.€€This€conclusion€is€supported€by€calculationÏof€the€approximate€MMBTU/hr€value€for€the€tests,€which€I€did€by€dividing€the€average€lb/hr€results€by€theÏlb/MMBTU€results€for€both€fuels.€€For€distillate€oil,€the€heat€input€calculates€to€912€MMBTU/hr,€while€forÏgas€the€result€is€762€MMBTU/hr.€€The€lower€load€condition€is€significant€because€the€emissions€ofÏformaldehyde€(and€other€products€of€incomplete€combustion)€are€typically€higher€as€the€load€on€a€turbineÏdecreases.ÌÌà ° àWe€also€discussed€the€uncertainty€of€the€test€results.€€The€tests€were€conducted€according€to€CARBÏMethod€430€as€it€existed€at€the€time.€€The€uncertainty€of€the€method€was€quite€high€then,€and€has€beenÏgreatly€reduced€or€improved€in€the€more€refined€versions€since€then.€€The€uncertainties€for€the€1990€naturalÏgas€results€had€several€potential€sources,€which€include:ÌÌÝ‚4ù¥ÿÝððà0 ° àÝ  ÝContamination€of€the€DNPH€solution€by€exposure€to€formaldehyde€in€the€ambient€air€(note€that€fieldÐ X#¨ Ðblank€analysis€results€were€higher€than€spikes).Ý‚4ù¥ÿQƒÝÝ  ÝÐ °T$°T$ ÐÝ‚4ù¥ÿÝððà0 ° àÝ  ÝSimilar€contamination€of€the€recovery€rinse€water.Ý‚4ù¥ÿ^ƒÝÝ  ÝÐ`%° °T$°T$ ÐÝ‚4ù¥ÿÝððà0 ° àÝ  ÝReduced€accuracy€in€the€metered€gaseous€sample€volume€due€to€use€of€a€relatively€high„range€dry€gasÐ |&Ì!! Ðmeter.Ý‚4ù¥ÿþƒÝÝ  ÝÐ °T$°T$ ÐÌà ° àMy€conclusion€in€reviewing€the€results€is€that€the€uncertainty€is€high€by€todayððs€standards,€and€the€resultsÏat€best€represent€emissions€from€the€turbine€operating€at€a€reduced€load€condition.€€The€results€are€typicalÏin€quality€for€tests€conducted€using€CARB€Method€430€as€it€existed€in€1990.€€Please€call€me€at€(510)€680„¼4337€if€you€have€any€questions.Ô#†X†TXX<X†T»ø#ÔÔ‡1Xkš XXX†TÔÐ d,´'' ÐñÁ ñÐ €-Ð(( ÐñÁ ñÔ#†X†TX X1Xkšx#ÔÔ‡X†TXXX†TÔò òÓ  ÓÐ  €-Ð(( ÐAttachment€C„2ó óÐ ° ÐCTWG€Review€of€Test€Report€4.1.2Ô#†X†TXXX†Tî#ÔñÀ ñÔ‡&-‹&XX†TÔÔ#†XÆ~X&&­Ä(#ÔñÀ ñÐ Ì ÐÓÓÌIn€the€process€of€preparing€the€combustion€turbine€HAP€emissions€database,€the€Combustion€TurbineÏWorkgroup€(CTWG)€came€across€two€HAP€emission€tests€which€were€run€conducted€on€Southern€CaliforniaÏEdisonððs€(SCE)€Coolwater€Station€Unit€42.€The€first€set€of€tests,€conducted€March€26„29,€1990,€includedÏtesting€for€a€number€of€HAPs,€including€formaldehyde,€while€the€combustion€turbine,€a€water„injectedÏWestinghouse€501B,€was€operating€on€natural€gas€and€on€fuel€oil.€€The€second€test,€conducted€October€31,Ï1990,€was€for€formaldehyde€only€while€operating€on€natural€gas.€€ÌÌThe€formaldehyde€test€results€varied€widely€from€one€test€to€the€other,€prompting€a€considerable€amount€ofÏspeculation€as€to€the€validity€of€the€data.€€While€the€second€test€yielded€results€similar€in€magnitude€to€otherÏformaldehyde€test€on€combustion€turbines€in€the€emission€database,€the€first€test€showed€formaldehydeÏapproximately€two€orders€of€magnitude€higher.€€The€CTWG€undertook€a€thorough€study€of€both€tests€toÏdetermine€the€validity€of€each.€€After€reviewing€both€test€reports€thoroughly,€a€number€of€questions€aroseÏabout€equipment€condition,€sample€handling,€and€QA/QC€in€the€March€1990€formaldehyde€testing.€€ItÏappears€likely€that€the€data€from€this€test€is€invalid.€€A€discussion€of€the€problems€noted€follows.ÌÌòòThe€sampling€equipment€does€not€meet€the€QA/QC€requirements€of€EPA€Method€3BóóÐ ˜è ÐEPA€Method€3B€specifies€procedures€and€QA/QC€requirements€for€the€measurement€of€diluent€gases€fromÏfossil€fuel€combustion€processes,€which€can€then€be€used€to€correct€the€measurements€for€stack€conditions.€ÏEPA€Method€3B€specifies€as€a€QA€check€that€a€fuel€factor,€Fòòoóó,€be€calculated€and€compared€to€an€acceptableÐ ŒÜ Ðrange€of€results.€€The€fuel€factor€is€calculated€as€follows:€Ì̀ߊ€(*+RB>z \ °t p  €@ Pdddd@E¶°¯td‚çpîè?Šß€€,€where€%Oòò2óó€is€the€measured€flue€gas€oxygen€content€in€percent€by€volume,€andÐ ° Ð%COòò2óó€is€the€measured€flue€gas€carbon€dioxide€concentration€in€percent€by€volume.€€Ð # s ÐÌThe€principle€of€this€QA/QC€check€is€that€the€ratio€of€COòò2óó€and€Oòò2óó€in€ambient€air€is€known,€and€the€ratio€ofÐ ["« Ðthe€two€substances€resulting€from€the€combustion€of€certain€fossil€fuels€can€be€reliably€calculated.€€If€Fòòoóó€isÐ G#— Ðnot€within€the€expected€range,€it€indicates€a€problem€with€the€integrity€of€the€sample€train.€€According€to€theÏTable€in€3.4.1.3€of€EPA€Appendix€A,€Method€3B,€the€range€of€acceptable€Fo€values€for€natural€gas€is€1.600Ïð!ð€1.836.ÌÌFor€the€March€1990€natural€gas€testing,€the€following€Oòò2óó,€COòò2óó,€and€Fòòoóó€values€were€encountered:Ð C(“#! ÐÝ‚!ÿÿÿÝÔ& ì ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXX†TÔÔ€ X†TXXXUCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÝ  ÝÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÔ*‚ƒ,- ‚d d*dd Fdd édd A dd 23„T$„T$‚ÔÔ,5ZZ@ÔÔ,5ZZ@ÔÔ,5ZZ@ÔÔ,5ZZ@ÔÔ+  ÔÐ ," _)¯$" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„,ÐÔ  ÔTest€RunÔ '!ÔÝ‚!ÿÿÿƒÝÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ'ì_)ÔÝ  ÝÐ '_)¯$#C" „C„'Ð%Oòò2óóÐ '_)¯$$C" „C„'Ð%COòò2óóÐ '_)¯$%C" „C„'ÐFòòoóóÐ ?5_)¯$&C"  €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„?Ð1„PAHÐ 'K*›%'C" „C„'Ð16.10Ð 'K*›%(C" „C„'Ð3.31Ð 'K*›%)C" „C„'ÐÔ??US.,Ô1.45ÔUS.,??.,¿#ÔÐ :0K*›%*C" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„:Ð2„PAHÐ '7+‡&+C" „C„'Ð16.16Ð '7+‡&,C" „C„'Ð3.07Ð '7+‡&-C" „C„'ÐÔ??US.,Ô1.54ÔUS.,??.,¬$ÔÐ :07+‡&.C" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„:Ð3„PAHÐ '#,s'/C" „C„'Ð15.67Ð '#,s'0C" „C„'Ð3.33Ð '#,s'1C" „C„'ÐÔ??US.,Ô1.57ÔUS.,??.,™%ÔÐ :0#,s'2C" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„:Ð4„VelÐ '-_(3C" „C„'Ð16.10Ð '-_(4C" „C„'Ð2.36Ð '-_(5C" „C„'ÐÔ??US.,Ô2.03ÔUS.,??.,†&ÔÐ :0-_(6C" €€‚‚ƒƒ„C„:Ð5„VelÐ 'œC" „C„'Ð17.10Ð 'œC" „C„'Ð1.87Ð 'œC" „C„'ÐÔ??US.,Ô2.03ÔUS.,??.,s'ÔÐ(œC"  (ÐÌNote€that€all€of€these€values€are€outside€of€the€acceptable€range€for€Method€3B.€€The€formaldehyde€testingÏwas€performed€between€runs€ð ð4„Velðð€and€ð ð5„Vel.ðð€€Paragraph€3.4.1.3€of€EPA€Method€3B€states€that,Ïð ðCalculated€Fòòoóó€values,€beyond€the€acceptable€ranges€shown€in€this€table,€should€be€investigated€beforeÐ | à Ðaccepting€the€test€results.ðð€The€test€report€does€not€indicate€that€any€investigation€was€performed€to€validateÏthe€data.€€Therefore,€the€data€from€the€formaldehyde€tests€should€be€invalidated.ÌÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿÝÔ&  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€ X†TXXXUCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXX X†Tä#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÔ  ÔKnowledge€of€the€Combustion€Turbine€process€does€not€support€tested€valuesÔ P+ÔóóÐ Œ ð  ÐÝ‚ ÿî)*‚ƒÝñÁ ñóóñÁ ñÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ'Œ þ)ÔñÀ ñóóñÀ ñÝ  ÝIn€addition€to€the€information€presented€above€regarding€potential€sample€train€inaccuracies,€knowledge€ofÐ ¨  Ðthe€combustion€turbine€process€runs€counter€to€the€test€data€in€the€March€1990€test.€€Referring€to€the€dataÏhighlighted€above,€the€oxygen€levels€appeared€to€increase€and€the€carbon€dioxide€to€increase€between€RunsÏ4„Vel€and€5„Vel.€€However,€combustion€turbines€operate€at€a€fixed€fuel„air€ratio€at€any€given€load,€so€theÏonly€explanation€for€such€a€significant€shift€in€diluent€gas€levels€is€a€change€in€combustion€turbine€load.€ÏHowever,€Table€3„2€of€the€Test€Report€indicates€that€Unit€42€was€run€at€a€constant€62€MW€load€level.€€TheÏtesting€data€runs€counter€to€established€knowledge€of€the€combustion€turbine€process,€which€should€haveÏprompted€investigation.€€Again,€no€such€investigation€was€performed,€and€the€data€should€not€be€consideredÏvalid.ÌÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿÝÔ&  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€ X†TXXXUCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXX X†T1+#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÔ  ÔSamples€were€not€analyzed€within€time€period€specified€by€CARB€Method€430Ô b1ÔóóÐ @¤ ÐÝ‚ ÿ0*‚ƒÝñÁ ñóóñÁ ñÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ'@0ÔñÀ ñóóñÀ ñÝ  ÝCARB€Method€430€specifies€that€laboratory€analysis€of€field€samples€should€be€performed€within€7€daysÐ \À Ðof€sampling.€€The€sampling€was€performed€on€March€29,€1990,€and€the€analysis€was€performed€on€April€24,Ï1990,€or€26€days€later.€€Allowing€such€a€long€time€to€elapse€between€sampling€and€analysis€greatly€increasesÏthe€likelihood€of€sample€degradation.€€This€does€not€represent€a€minimal€overrun€of€the€suggested€timeÏbetween€sampling€and€analysis,€but€instead€represents€a€serious€breach€of€test€protocol.€€On€this€fact€aloneÏthe€sampling€results€for€this€test€should€be€considered€invalid.ÌÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿÝÔ&  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€ X†TXXXUCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXX X†TC1#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÔ  ÔSample€blanks€indicate€contaminationÔ f6ÔóóÐ 0 ” ÐÝ‚ ÿ5*‚ƒÝñÁ ñóóñÁ ñÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ'0 5ÔñÀ ñóóñÀ ñÝ  ÝAs€already€explained€in€a€memorandum€dated€February€2,€1998€from€Dan€Herndon€of€Alpha„Gamma€toÐ L!° ÐSims€Roy€of€EPA,€the€formaldehyde€blank€samples€showed€formaldehyde€concentrations€(23.7€Fg€average)Ïwhich€were€higher€than€the€spike€analyses€(10.5€Fg€average)€conducted€by€the€laboratory.€€This€suggests€thatÏthe€DNPH€solution€was€contaminated.€€This€was€noted€in€the€analytical€report,€as€well.€€Aldehydes€are€quiteÏprevalent€in€the€atmosphere€and€it€extremely€easy€to€contaminate€a€sample€by€just€exposing€the€DNPHÏsolution€to€the€atmosphere.€€Furthermore,€the€laboratory€analyses€were€not€corrected€for€the€blank€values.€ÏThis€casts€further€doubt€on€the€validity€of€the€samples€and€analysis.ÌÌÝ‚ ÿÿÿÝÔ&  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXX†TÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€XUCXXXUCÔÔ€ X†TXXXUCÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXX X†TG6#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÔ  ÔSampling€rate€in€first€test€was€too€€lowóóÔ ¨;ÔÐ  )p#' ÐÝ‚ ÿF:*‚ƒÝñÁ ñóóñÁ ñÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ€X†TXXX†TÔÔ' )V:ÔñÀ ñóóñÀ ñÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXXX†T‰;#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔAs€also€indicated€in€the€February€1998€Herndon€memo,€the€sampling€rate€in€the€March€1990€test€was€quiteÐ (*Œ$( Ðsmall€(an€average€of€0.8€cubic€feet€per€test),€while€the€gas€meter€was€a€relatively€high„range€gas€meter.€€ThisÏis€an€additional€source€of€uncertainty.Ìò òÐ -€'+ ÐConclusion€ó óÐ ° ÐThe€first€and€third€items€above€are,€in€the€opinion€of€the€CTWG,€€sufficient€on€their€own€to€invalidate€theÏresults€of€the€March€1990€natural€gas€formaldehyde€testing€on€Unit€42€at€SCEððs€Coolwater€Station.€ÏFurthermore,€taken€in€combination€with€all€of€the€other€problems€noted€above,€in€particular,€the€apparentÏsample€handling€problems,€there€is€a€compelling€case€to€invalidate€this€data.€€It€would€appear€that€this€testingÏwas€fraught€with€sampling,€sample€handling,€and€analysis€errors.€€The€only€conclusion€that€can€reasonablyÏbe€drawn€is€that€the€testing€was€flawed,€and€the€results€of€the€testing€are€insufficiently€robust€to€use€as€a€basisÏfor€rulemaking.€€Accordingly,€the€emissions€data€from€the€March€1990€natural€gas€formaldehyde€testing€atÏCoolwater€Unit€42€should€be€identified€in€the€CT€Emissions€Database€as€unsuitable€for€use€in€developmentÏof€emission€standards€or€factors.Ô#† X†TXXX†Tç<#ÔÔ‡ X†TXX X†TÔÐ , |  ÐÔ#† X†TXX X†TöA#ÔÌÌÔ_Ôò òÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÓ  ÓÐ  €Ð  ÐAppendix€DÌÔ  ÔDefinitions€of€Database€FieldsÔ ­BÔó óÐ Ì ÐÌÓBÓÓ  ÓThe€ð ðFacilityðð€€table€contains€the€following€fields:ÌÓ?%Ü Üä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÿÿ„–,¤‚X?Óà0 Œ àà „ àIDà Œ à„à0ä Œ T$Œ T$àThe€Test€Identification€Number.€€The€ID€corresponds€to€the€test€ÓB+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÜÜä ‰XBÓreferenceÐ  p Ðnumber€in€Appendix€A,€Source€Test€References.Ð ä T$ä T$ ÐFacility€Name€à Œ à„à ä àThe€name€of€the€facility.Ð ( x ÐLocationà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€location€of€the€test€site.Ð D ” ÐTesting€Companyà Œ à„à ä àThe€name€of€the€company€that€conducted€the€test.Ð ` ° ÐDateà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€date€the€test€was€performed.Ð |Ì  ÐTesterà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€name€of€the€person€that€conducted€the€test.Ð ˜è  ÐManufacturerà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€name€of€the€turbine€manufacturer.Ð ´  ÐModelà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€turbine€model€designation.Ð Ð  ÐLoadà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à0 ä àThe€load€at€which€the€turbine€is€operated€at€during€the€test.Ðì< ä T$ä T$ ÐRatingà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€rating€of€the€turbineÐ X ÐUnità Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€rating€units.Ð $t ÐFuel€Typeà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€fuel€used€for€charging.Ð @ ÐHVà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€fuel€heating€value.Ð \¬ ÐHVUnità 4 àà Œ à„€à ä àThe€units€for€the€fuel€heating€value.Ð xÈ ÐHcapà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€maximum€heat€output€of€the€unit.Ð ”ä ÐHCUnità 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€maximum€heat€output€units.Ð ° ÐFuel€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€developed€F„factor€in€units€of€dscf/MMBtu.Ð Ì ÐÓ9%Ü Üä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÜÜŒX9Óà0 Œ àà „ àApplicationà Œ à„à0ä Œ T$Œ T$àAny€supplemental€information,€comments€on€turbineÓB+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!ÜÜä ‰XBÓ€use,€and€anyÐ è8 Ðunderlying€assumptions.Ð ä T$ä T$ ÐControl€Deviceà Œ à„à ä àThe€type€of€device€used€to€control€emissions.Ð ð@ ÐÌThe€ð ðTest€Dataðð€table€consists€of€the€following€fields:ÌIDà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àTest€Identification€Number.Ð D"” ÐPollutantà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€name€of€the€hazardous€air€pollutant€(HAP).Ð `#° ÐMethodà 4 àà Œ à„à0 ä àThe€method€used€for€sampling€and€quantification€of€pollutant.Ð|$Ìä T$ä T$ ÐRun€1€Conc€Rà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€reported€concentration€for€Run€1.Ð ˜%è  ÐRun€2€Conc€Rà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€reported€concentration€for€Run€2.Ð ´&" ÐRun€3€Conc€Rà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€reported€concentration€for€Run€3.Ð Ð' #  ÐSDà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€number€of€significant€digits.Ð ì(<$! ÐDLà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€detection€limit€reported€for€the€pollutant.Ð *X%" ÐAvg€Conc€Rà 4 àà Œ à„à0 ä àThe€average€of€the€reported€concentration€for€all€runs.Ð$+t&#ä T$ä T$ ÐC€Unità Ü àà 4 àà0 Œ à„à ä àThe€units€used€for€reported€concentrationÐ@,'$Œ T$Œ T$ ÐRun€1€Oòò2óóà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€percent€oxygen€in€exhaust€measured€in€Run€1.Ð \-¬(% ÐRun€2€Oòò2óóà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€percent€oxygen€in€exhaust€measured€in€Run€2.Ð ° ÐRun€3€Oòò2óóà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€percent€oxygen€in€exhaust€measured€in€Run€3.Ð Ì ÐBlank€Conc€1à 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€blank€concentration€for€Run€1,€when€available.Ð è8 ÐBlank€Conc€2à 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€blank€concentration€for€Run€2,€when€available.Ð T ÐBlank€Conc€3à 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€blank€concentration€for€Run€3,€when€available.Ð  p ÐRun€1€Rateà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€rate€reported€for€Run€1.Ð < Œ ÐRun€2€Rateà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€rate€reported€for€Run€2.Ð X ¨ ÐRun€3€Rateà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€rate€reported€for€Run€3.Ð t Ä ÐAvg€Rateà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€average€pollutant€emission€rate€for€all€runs.Ð  à ÐR€Unità Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€for€the€pollutant€emission€rate.Ð ¬ü  ÐRun€1€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€factor€reported€during€Run€1.Ð È  ÐRun€2€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€factor€reported€during€Run€2.Ð ä4  ÐRun€3€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€pollutant€emission€factor€reported€during€Run€3.Ð P  ÐAvg€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à0 ä àThe€average€pollutant€emission€factor€for€allà ô àruns.Ðl ä T$ä T$ ÐF€Unità Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€for€the€pollutant€emission€factor.Ð 8ˆ ÐFuel€Factorà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€F„factor€for€the€fuel€used€for€firing€(dscf/MMBtu).Ð T¤ ÐRun€1€Gas€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€exhaust€gas€flowrate€for€Run€1.Ð pÀ ÐRun€2€Gas€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€exhaust€gas€flowrate€for€Run€2.Ð ŒÜ ÐRun€3€Gas€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€exhaust€gas€flowrate€for€Run€3.Ð ¨ø ÐGas€Flowrate€Unitsà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€for€the€gas€flowrate.Ð Ä ÐFuel€Heating€Valueà Œ à„à ä àThe€heating€value€of€the€fuel.Ð à0 ÐFuel€HV€Unitsà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€for€the€fuel€heating€value.Ð üL ÐStandard€Temp.à Œ à„€à ä àThe€standard€temperature€used€for€the€emission€calculations.Ð h ÐStandard€Temp.€Units€„à ä àThe€units€for€the€standard€temperature.Ð 4„ ÐRun€1€Fuel€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€fuel€firing€rate€in€Run€1.Ð P  ÐRun€2€Fuel€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€fuel€firing€rate€in€Run€2.Ð l ¼ ÐRun€3€Fuel€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€fuel€firing€rate€in€Run€3.Ð ˆ!Ø ÐAvg€Fuel€Flowrateà Œ à„à ä àThe€average€fuel€firing€rate€for€all€runs.Ð ¤"ô ÐFuel€Flowrate€Unitsà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€for€the€fuel€flowrate.Ð À# ÐRun€1€%€Moistureà Œ à„à0 ä àThe€amount€of€moisture€detected€in€the€exhaust€for€Run€1.ÐÜ$, ä T$ä T$ ÐRun€2€%€Moistureà Œ à„à ä àThe€amount€of€moisture€detected€in€the€exhaust€for€Run€2.Ð ø%H! ÐRun€3€%€Moistureà Œ à„à ä àThe€amount€of€moisture€detected€in€the€exhaust€for€Run€3.Ð 'd" ÐAvg€%€Moistureà Œ à„à ä àThe€average€amount€of€moisture€detected€for€all€runs.Ð 0(€#  ÐMWà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àThe€molecular€weight€of€the€pollutant.Ð L)œ$! ÐStack€Temperatureà Œ à„à ä àThe€temperature€of€the€stack.Ð h*¸%" ÐStack€Temp€unitsà Œ à„à ä àThe€units€of€the€stack€temperature.Ð „+Ô&# ÐCommà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à„à ä àAny€comments.Ð  ,ð'$ ÐÐ ¼- )% ÐThe€following€tables€contain€the€same€fields€as€the€ð ðTest€Dataðð€table:ÌÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$cubÝð"ðà0 Ü àÝ  ÝTest€Data€„€Criteria€Pollutants݃$cubbÝŒÐÌÜT$ÜT$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$c cÝð"ðà0 Ü àÝ  ÝTest€Data€„€HAPs݃$c c;cÝŒÐè8ÜT$ÜT$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ‚$cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚$c¼cÝð"ðà0 Ü àÝ  ÝTest€Data€„€HAPs€+€Criteria݃$c¼c×cÝŒÐTÜT$ÜT$ ÐŒÝ  ÝÔ#† X†TXXX†TbB#ÔÐ   p ÐÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔò òAppendix€EÐ ° ÐReports€Included€in€the€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€Databaseó óÐ Ì ÐÌÔ*ˆƒ56d‚d5ZZ@5ZZ@5ZZ@5ZZ@,-„T$„T$ˆÔÔ,ùdd ÔÔ,dd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ &€ T „„&ÐReport€TitleÐ ;€*h¸" „„;ÐData€ReportedÐ +!h¸" +Ðð ðCriteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MW„hr)ððÌð ðHAPs€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MW„hr)ððÌð ðHAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MW„hr)Ð   p ÐPollutant,€Fuel€Type,ÏID,€Turbine€Description,Ïindividual€test€runs€andÏaverage€lb/MW„hrÌÐ  È   Ðð ðCriteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÌð ðHAPs€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÌð ðHAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÐ  €Ð  ÐPollutant,€Fuel€Type,ÏID,€Turbine€Description,Ïindividual€runs€andÏaverage€lb/MMBtuÌÐ  (x Ðð ðCriteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/hr)ððÌð ðHAPs€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/hr)ððÌð ðHAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutant€Summary€(lb/hr)ððÐ  à0 ÐPollutant,€Fuel€Type,ÏID,€Turbine€Description,Ïindividual€runs€andÏaverage€lb/hrÐ  l¼ Ðð ðCriteria€Pollutant€Summary€„€Average€conc€@€15%€Oòò2óó"€Ð ì< Ðð ðHAPs€Pollutant€Summary€„€Average€conc€@€15%€Oòò2óó"Ð X Ðð ðHAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutant€Summary€„€Average€conc€@€15%€Oòò2óó"Ð  $t ÐFuel€Type,€Pollutant,ÏID,€Method,€DL,ÏConcentration€(at€15%ÏOòò2óó),€Rating,€LoadÐ  °# Ðð ðCriteria€Pollutant€Summary/run€„€Concentrations€@€15%€Oòò2óó"Ð 0€$ Ðð ðHAPs€Pollutant€Summary/run€„€Concentrations€@€15%€Oòò2óó"Ð Lœ% Ðð ðHAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutant€Summary/run€„€Concentrations€@€Ì€€15%€Oòò2óó"Ð  „ Ô' ÐFuel€Type,€Pollutant,ÏID,€Method,€DL,ÏCorrected€ConcentrationÏat€15%€Oòò2óó€for€each€run,Ð ôD+ ÐConcentration€UnitsÐ  à 0, Ðð ðFacility€Criteria€Pollutants€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÌð ðFacility€HAPs€Pollutants€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÌð ðFacility€HAPs€+€Criteria€Pollutants€Summary€(lb/MMBtu)ððÐ  ˜$è/ ÐID,€Description,ÏManufacturer,€Model,ÏTesting€Company,€Date,ÏPollutant,€Method,Ïlb/MMBtu€for€each€runÏand€averageÐ  ü&L"5 Ðð ðHAPs€Averages€Max€AvgððÐ  |(Ì#6 ÐFuel,€Pollutant,€ID,ÏMethod,€UncorrectedÏConcentration€and€Unit,Ïmaximum€and€averageÏfor€lb/hr,€lb/MMBtu,Ïand€lb/MW„hrÔÿÔÐ -h(<  ÐÔÿoÔÔ#† X†TXXX†T÷d#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔò òAppendix€FòòÐ ° ÐÓëdÓÌMEMORANDUMóóó óÐ è8 ÐÌò òDATE€:ó óà 4 àà Œ àMarch€6,€1998Ð  p Ðò òSUBJECT€:ó óà 4 àà Œ àDocumentation€on€the€Combustion€Turbines€Emissions€DatabaseÐ A ‘ Ðò òTO€:ó óà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àCombustion€Turbines€Project€FileÐ b ² Ðò òFROM€:ó óà 4 àà Œ àAna€Rosa€Alvarez€and€Dan€HerndonÐ ƒ Ó ÐÌÌßA€) °°xdE„ÛÐ AßÐ Ü,  ÐÌÓ ðÓThis€memorandum€provides€a€short€description€of€the€development€of€the€emissions€database€forÏturbines,€including€assumptions€used€in€the€underlying€calculations.Ìòòò òÌDevelopment€of€the€Emissions€Databaseó óóóÐ .~ ÐÌThe€emission€test€reports€were€first€carefully€reviewed€and€summarized.€€Facility€name,€location,Ïtesting€company,€date€of€testing,€make€and€model€of€turbine,€manufacturer€rating€(and€units),€load,€fuelÏtype,€application€and€control€device€(for€emissions)€were€entered€in€a€table€named€ð ðFacilities.ðð€€PollutantÏname,€sampling€method,€concentrations€and€units,€detection€limits€and€units,€%€oxygen,€fuel€factors,Ïexhaust€gas€flow€rates,€stack€temperature,€fuel€heating€value€and€flow€rate,€%€humidity,€standardÏtemperature,€and€pollutant€molecular€weight€were€entered€in€a€table€named€ð ðTest€Data.ðð€€Emission€ratesÏ(lb/hr)€and€emission€factors€(lb/MMBtu)€were€also€entered€in€that€table€for€comparison€with€theÏemissions€calculated€in€the€database€using€the€pollutant€concentrations€for€each€test€run.ÌÌTest€reports€included€in€the€database€were€identified€using€the€following€scheme:€numbers€from€1€toÏ99€were€assigned€to€tests€containing€only€hazardous€air€pollutants€(HAPs),€and€numbers€greater€than€100Ïwere€allocated€for€tests€with€only€criteria€pollutants€or€with€both€HAPs€and€criteria€pollutants.€ÏExceptions€are€the€reports€numbered€10€and€15.€€These€test€reports€contain€both€HAPs€and€criteriaÏpollutant€test€results.€€They€are€numbered€as€HAPs„only€type€reports€because€criteria€pollutant€data€wereÏidentified€in€these€reports€after€the€first€version€of€the€database€was€posted€on€the€TTN.€€Test€reportsÏcontaining€more€than€one€turbine,€multiple€load€conditions,€different€fuels,€control€device€inlet€andÏoutlet€samples€(criteria€pollutant€data€only),€or€more€than€three€sampling€runs€were€assigned€the€sameÏinitial€number€followed€by€an€extension€(for€example,€1.1€or€1.1.1).€€ÌÌSome€of€the€test€reports€in€the€database€include€an€ð ðxðð€symbol€at€the€end€of€the€test€report€numberÏ(e.g.,€test€report€8x).€€The€ð ðxðð€symbol€indicates€that€the€test€report€does€not€meet€the€acceptance€criteriaÏdeveloped€by€the€CTWG.€€The€data€from€these€test€reports€are€included€in€the€database€for€informationalÏpurposes€only.ÌÌConstruction€of€database€reports€(i.e.,€summaries€of€relevant€data)€required€the€complete€separation€ofÐ ¦-ö() Ðtests€with€HAPs„only€data€from€tests€with€only€criteria€pollutant€data€and€tests€with€both€HAPs€andÏcriteria€pollutant€data.€€The€ð ðTest€Dataðð€table€was€consequently€divided€into€three€tables:€ð ðTest€Data€„ÏHAPs,ðð€containing€all€HAP€data€in€the€Test€Data€table;€ð ðTest€Data€„€€Criteria€Pollutants,ðð€containing€allÏcriteria€pollutant€data€in€the€Test€Data€table,€and€ð ðTest€Data€„€HAPs€+€Criteria,ðð€containing€the€tests€thatÏinclude€data€for€both€HAPs€and€criteria€pollutants.ÌÌIn€the€report€section,€a€set€of€6€different€reports€was€built€for€each€of€the€test€data€tables€discussedÏabove.€€These€reports€provide€information€about€pollutant€concentrations€(corrected€to€15%€Oòò2óó)€andÐ „ Ô Ðemissions€in€units€of€lb/hr,€lb/MMBtu,€and€lb/MW„hr.€€Individual€sets€of€reports€were€also€developed€forÏtest€summaries€and€pollutant€summaries.ÌÌò òòòTreatment€of€non„detected€or€non„reported€concentrationsó óóóÐ ”ä  ÐÌMany€pollutants,€especially€HAPs,€were€not€detected€in€some€or€all€of€the€sampling€runs€collectedÏduring€a€test.€€In€these€cases,€concentrations€were€entered€in€the€database€as€ð ðND.ðð€€Although€the€testÏreports€identified€those€pollutants€not€detected€for€a€given€testing€run,€the€detection€limit€(DL)€valuesÏwere€not€always€provided€(i.e.,€ND€was€reported€rather€than€a€detection€limit€concentration).€€Often,Ïreview€of€the€lab€report€and€some€additional€calculations€were€necessary€to€determine€the€DLÏconcentration.€€For€example,€in€the€case€of€formaldehyde,€detection€limits€were€usually€given€inÏmicrograms€or€micrograms€per€milliliter€in€the€lab€report.€€Estimation€of€the€DL€in€the€same€units€as€theÏtest€data€(e.g.,€ppb)€involved€the€use€of€the€sample€volume€collected€during€the€test€and€additional€unitÏconversions€(for€example,€micrograms/cubic€meter€to€ppb).€€ÌÌUnfortunately,€the€DL€could€not€always€be€found€or€calculated€based€on€the€laboratory€report.€ÏWhenever€a€pollutant€was€not€detected€in€all€three€runs€and€the€DL€could€not€be€determined,€theÏpollutant€was€removed€from€the€database.€This€procedure€was€used€for€report€ID€#1€for€benzene€andÏchromium€(VI).€€Also,€due€to€the€calculations€discussed€above,€two€or€three€different€DLs€(one€perÏtesting€run)€were€determined€for€the€same€pollutant€in€some€tests.€€The€protocol€followed€in€these€casesÏwas€to€take€the€highest€DL€value.ÌÌIn€some€tests,€only€one€or€two€runs€were€conducted,€or€runs€were€eliminated€during€test€reportÏpreparation€due€to€sampling€problems€encountered€during€the€test.€€Missing€runs€were€entered€as€NRÏ(not€reported)€in€the€database.€€Other€parameters€missing€from€the€test€reports,€such€as€exhaust€gas€flowÏrates,€were€also€entered€in€the€database€as€NR.€€ÌÌThe€acronym€NA€sometimes€appears€in€the€DL€field.€€This€acronym€is€used€in€those€cases€when€aÏpollutant€was€measured€above€the€detection€limit€in€all€of€the€testing€runs€but€a€detection€limit€value€wasÏnot€reported€in€the€test€report.ÌÌòòò òEquationsó óóóÐ D+”&' ÐÌUsing€raw€test€data€(i.e.,€lab„reported€pollutant€concentrations€and€stack€test€parameters),€calculationsÐ |-Ì() Ðwere€performed€to€estimate€emissions€in€lb/hr,€lb/MW„hr€and€lb/MMBtu.€€Modules,€small€programsÏwritten€in€Visual€Basic€code,€were€built€to€perform€the€calculations.€There€are€various€modules€in€theÏemissions€database€that€perform€different€tasks,€but€only€the€main€modules€are€described€in€thisÏmemorandum.ÌÌThe€equations€used€in€the€modules€were€taken€from€EPA€sampling€methods€19€and€20€in€40€CFR€PartÏ60,€Appendix€A.€€For€example,€for€the€correction€of€the€dry€pollutant€concentration€to€15%€Oòò2óó,€EquationÐ ˜ è Ð20„4€from€EPA€method€20€is€used:Ô#† X†TXXX†Tno#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ „ Ô Ðßc€ST-` 0  `€E„¡ Ð k dú?¼  `"Ðcßâ „…„…„T$„T$â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „T$„T$„…„…âÔ#† X†TX XXkšº‰#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔwhere€%Oòò2óó€refers€to€the€reported€oxygen€level€during€the€testing€and€Còòdóó€to€the€pollutant€dryÐ X  Ðconcentration€in€ppb.ÌÌFor€the€calculation€of€emission€rates€in€lb/hr,€lb/MW„hr,€and€lb/MMBtu,€the€following€equationsÏwere€used€:Ô#† X†TXXX†TÿŠ#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ h ÐÔ#† X†TX XXkš@Œ#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÌò ò1.€Pounds€per€hour:Ð P  Ðó óÌWhen€the€concentration€of€pollutant€is€given€in€ppb€:Ô#† X†TXXX†T—Œ#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌßc€UV-` 0  `€E„¿Ð †dÄ?¼¾`"Ðcßâ „…„…„T$„T$â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „T$„T$„…„…âÔ#† X†TX XXkš>#ÔÔ‡"X†TXX X†TÔwhere€Còòppbóó€is€the€dry€concentration€of€pollutant€in€ppb;€Q€is€the€exhaust€gas€flow€rate€in€dry€standardÐ & v Ðcubic€feet€per€minute;€60€is€the€conversion€factor€from€minutes€to€hours;€MW€is€the€pollutant€molecularÏweight€(in€lb/lb„mol);€Tòòstdóó€is€the€standard€temperature€in€degrees€Fahrenheit€used€in€the€test€report;€460€isÐ þ!N Ðthe€conversion€factor€from€degrees€Fahrenheit€to€degrees€Rankine;€and€1.369x10òò„9óó€is€the€conversionÐ ê": Ðfactor€from€ppb€to€pounds€per€cubic€feet.€The€conversion€factor€from€ppb€to€pounds€per€cubic€feet€wasÏderived€from€40€CFR,€App.€A,€Meth.€20,€page€1026.€€ÌÌWhen€the€concentration€of€a€pollutant€is€given€in€units€other€than€ppb€or€ppm,€the€equation€is€:Ô#† X†TXX"X†T„Ž#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ ú&J"! ÐÌßc€WX-` 0  `€E„1)Ð ød d0¼0)`"Ácßâ „…„…„T$„T$â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „T$„T$„…„…âÔ#† X†TX XXkš°‘#ÔÔ‡)X†TXX X†TÔwhere€Còòpóó€is€the€concentration€of€pollutant€in€micrograms€per€dry€cubic€feet€(ððg/dscf),€micrograms€perÐ ~,Î'& Ðdry€cubic€meter€(Ô#† X†TXX)X†TÚ’#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔððgÔ#† X†TXXX†T°“#ÔÔ‡)X†TXX X†TÔ/dscm),€grams€per€dry€cubic€feet€(g/dscf)€or€grams€per€dry€cubic€meter€(g/dscm).€ForÐ j-º(' Ðparticulate€matter,€concentrations€are€in€grains€per€dry€cubic€feet€(gr/dscf),€grains€per€dry€cubic€meterÏ(gr/dscm),€micrograins€per€dry€cubic€feet€(ððgr/dscf)€and€micrograins€per€dry€cubic€meter€(ððgr/dscm).€QÏis€the€exhaust€gas€flow€rate€in€dry€standard€cubic€feet€per€minute;€60€is€the€conversion€factor€fromÏminutes€to€hours;€and€A€is€a€conversion€factor€from€the€given€units€to€lb/dscf.ÌÌThe€values€for€A€for€the€different€units€are:ÌÌà Ü à1.1à 4 àFor€ððg/dscf,€A€=€2.205x10òò„8óóÐ ä 4 Ðà Ü à1.2€à 4 àFor€ððg/dscm,€A€=€€6.24x10òò„10óóÐ  P Ðà Ü à1.3à0 4 àFor€g/dscf€and€g/dscm,€multiplying€the€values€given€for€A€in€1.1€and€1.2€by€1x10òò„6óó,Ð l  ÐrespectivelyÐ 4T$4T$ Ðà Ü à1.4€à 4 àFor€ððgr/dscf,€A€=€1.43x10òò„10óó.Ð $t  Ðà Ü à1.5€à 4 àFor€ððgr/dscm,€A€=€4.043x10òò„12óó.€Ð @  Ðà Ü à1.6€à 4 àFor€gr/dscf€and€gr/dscm,€multiplying€1.4€and€1.5€by€1x10òò„6óóÐ \¬  ÐÌò ò2.€Pounds€per€megawatt„hour:ó óÐ ”ä ÐÌThe€emission€factor€is€calculated€by€dividing€the€emissions€rate€in€lb/hr€by€the€turbine€rating€duringÏthe€test.€The€manufacturer€rating€and€the€test€load€are€necessary€data€for€this€calculation.€When€load€wasÏnot€available,€it€was€assumed€to€be€100%.€The€equation€is€:Ô#† X†TXX)X†T÷“#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ ¤ô Ðßc€YZ-` 0  `€E„ÁÐ å d®¼À`"®cßâ „…„…„T$„T$â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „T$„T$„…„…âÔ#† X†TX XXkšš#ÔÔ‡.X†TXX X†TÔwhere€M(lb/hr)€is€the€emission€rate€in€lb/hr;€R€is€the€manufacturer€rating€for€the€turbine€in€MW;€andÐ B’ ÐL€is€the€turbine€testing€load€in€%.ÌÌò ò3.€Pounds€per€million€Btu:ó óÐ f"¶ ÐÌThe€equation€is€:Ô#† X†TXX.X†T|›#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÐ ž$î Ðßc€[\-` 0  `€E„¿%Ð ïdò?¼º%`"Ôcßâ „…„…„T$„T$â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „…„…„…„…â°â „T$„T$„…„…âÔ#† X†TX XXkš¤œ#ÔÔ‡/X†TXX X†TÔwhere€Còòpóó€is€the€dry€concentration€of€pollutant€in€any€of€the€units€already€described€for€the€calculationÐ "*r%# Ðof€emission€factors€(1.1€„€1.6);€F€is€the€fuel€factor€in€dry€standard€cubic€feet€per€minute€per€million€Btu;Ïthe€fraction€20.9/(20.9„%Oòò2óó)€is€an€oxygen€correction€factor;€and€B€is€the€conversion€factor€correspondingÐ ú+J'% Ðto€the€units€in€which€the€pollutant€concentration€is€reported€(see€the€units€described€in€1.1€„€1.6).€€TheÏfraction€MW/(Tòòstdóó+460)€is€a€conversion€factor€used€only€when€the€pollutant€concentration€was€providedÐ Ò-")' Ðin€ppb.ÌÌWhen€the€fuel€factor€or€standard€temperature€was€not€available,€defaults€were€used.€€These€defaultsÏare€discussed€in€next€section.ÌÌA€sample€of€the€modules€used€for€the€calculations€is€provided€in€Attachment€F„1.Ìòòò òÌDefaults€and€Assumptionsóóó óÐ D ” ÐÌFor€the€estimation€of€emission€factors€from€the€concentrations€given€in€ppb,€gaseous€pollutants€wereÏassumed€to€have€ideal€gas€behavior,€so€that€the€volume€occupied€by€an€ideal€gas€(22.4€liters/mol)€couldÏbe€used€for€calculation€of€a€conversion€factor.ÌÌNot€all€of€the€reports€contained€the€necessary€information€required€for€the€calculation€of€emissionÏfactors.€€Important€parameters€are€concentrations,€units,€detection€limits,€oxygen€levels,€exhaust€gas€flowÏrates,€fuel€factors,€standard€temperatures€and€molecular€weights.€€In€most€cases,€fuel€factors€and€standardÏtemperatures€were€missing.€€In€some€cases,€exhaust€gas€flow€rates€were€not€provided€in€the€report.€€LackÏof€gas€flow€rates€still€allows€for€the€calculation€of€emission€factors€in€pounds€per€million€Btu.€ÏConsequently,€tests€lacking€exhaust€gas€flow€rates€were€kept€in€the€database,€but€the€emissions€in€poundÏper€hour€are€shown€as€NR.ÌÌFor€non„methane€hydrocarbons€(NMHC)€and€total€hydrocarbons€(THC),€a€molecular€weight€of€16€(asÏmethane)€was€assumed.€Test€reports€in€the€database€indicated€a€molecular€weight€of€16€for€THC€and,€inÏmost€cases,€for€NMHC.€€However,€in€some€test€reports,€the€molecular€weight€chosen€to€report€emissionÏfactors€for€NMHC€was€the€molecular€weight€of€hexane.ÌÌFields€with€NR€for€fuel€factors€and€standard€temperatures€were€filled€with€default€values€based€onÏTable€19„1€in€40€CFR€Part€60,€Appendix€A.€€A€default€standard€temperature€of€68òòoóóF€was€used.€€ThisÐ 4 „ Ðstandard€temperature€was€selected€because€EPA€sampling€methods€rely€on€this€value.ÌÌAs€discussed€earlier,€some€pollutants€were€not€detected€in€one€or€more€of€the€sampling€runsÏconducted€during€a€test.€€In€these€cases,€the€detection€limit€was€used€in€the€emission€calculations.€ÏReports€generated€in€the€emissions€database€use€a€ð ð<ðð€sign€in€front€of€the€sampling€run€concentration,€asÏwell€as€the€average€concentration€calculated€for€the€three€runs,€to€indicate€when€a€pollutant€was€notÏdetected€in€one€or€more€of€the€runs.€€When€a€pollutant€was€not€detected€in€all€three€runs,€a€ð ð<<ðð€sign€isÏshown€in€front€of€the€average€concentration€presented€in€the€database€reports.€€The€DL€value€was€used€inÏcalculating€the€average€concentration€when€a€pollutant€was€not€detected€in€one€or€more€of€the€runs.€€Ìñ ñÐ  ü)L%% Ðñ ññà ñÌñà ñÔ#† X†TXX/X†Té#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ‡0X†TXX X†TÔñà ñAñà ññÄ ñAñÄ ñttachment€F„1Ð ° Ðó óSample€of€modules€used€in€the€databaseòòÐ Ì ÐÓ  ÓÌóóThe€modules€shown€here€are€the€modules€for€the€calculation€of€emission€factors€in€pounds€per€millionÐ T ÐBtu€(Module€Convert)€and€the€module€that€handles€the€criteria€for€the€use€of€detection€limits€(ModuleÏNonDetect).ÌÌ1.€òòModule€for€the€calculation€of€emission€factors€in€pounds€per€million€BtuóóÐ  d ÐÌ1.1€à0 Ü àDeclaring€the€function€that€will€perform€the€calculations€and€return€the€result€to€the€query.€€TheÐ Lœ  Ðparameters€r,€s,€t,€u,€v,€w,€€z€€refer€to€concentration€units€(r),€fuel€factor€(s),€molecular€weight€(t),€Ïstandard€temperature€(u),€%€oxygen€(v),€concentration€(w),€and€a€parameter€(z,€set€to€three€in€theÏdatabase)€used€to€limit€the€number€of€significant€digits€(utilizing€another€module)€in€the€result.Ð ÜT$ÜT$ ÐÌà Ü àòòFunction€lbMMBtu€(r,€s,€t,€u,€v,€w,€x,€y,€z)óóÐ H˜ ÐòòÌóó1.2€à0 Ü àEstimating€the€emission€factor€to€return€to€the€query€that€is€calling€this€module.€€First€the€moduleÐ €Ð Ðidentifies€the€units€(r=ppb),€then€it€makes€sure€that€there€are€values€in€all€necessary€fields€and€finallyÏperforms€the€calculation.€SigDig_€is€calling€another€module€that€will€perform€the€reduction€of€theÏresult€to€a€given€number€(z)€of€significant€digits.€Val€calls€for€the€numerical€value€of€the€field€beingÏprocessed.Ð ÜT$ÜT$ ÐÌ€€€€€€òò€€If€((r€=€"ppb")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€t€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ h¸ Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(t)€*€(.00000000137€/€(Val(u)€+€460))€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà Ü àà 4 àà Œ à€€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))€*€Val(w)),€z))óóÐ pÀ ÐÌ€€€€€€€€òòElseIf€((r€=€"ug/dscm")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ ¨ø Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(w)€*€.0283€*€.000000002204€*€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))),€z))óóÐ à!0 ÐÌ€€€€€€€€òòElseIf€((r€=€"ug/dscf")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ $h Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(w)€*€.000000002204€*€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))),€z))óóÐ P& !  ÐÌ€€€€€€€€òòElseIf€((r€=€"gr/dscf")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ ˆ(Ø#" Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(w)€*€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))€/€7000),€z))óóÐ ¤)ô$# ÐÌ€€€€€€€€òòElseIf€((r€=€"ugr/dscm")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ Ü+,'% Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(w)€*€.0283€*€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))€*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€¼à Ü àà 4 àà Œ à€€€0.000001€/€7000),€z))óóÐ ä-4)' Ї€€€€€€€€òòElseIf€((r€=€"gr/dscm")€And€Not€(s€=€"NR"€Or€v€=€"NR"€Or€w€=€"NR"))€ThenÐ ° Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€CStr(SigDig_((Val(s)€*€Val(w)€*€.0283€*€(20.9€/€(20.9€-€Val(v)))€/€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€7000),€z))óóÐ è8 Ѐ€€€€€€€Ì1.3€à0 Ü àIn€any€other€case€(units€not€recognized€or€necessary€parameters€were€not€reported)€the€function€isÐ  p Ðreturned€with€the€value€ð ðNRððÐ ÜT$ÜT$ ÐÌà Ü àòòElseÐ D ” Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€lbMMBtu€=€"NR"Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€End€IfóóÐ |Ì  Ðòòà Ü àEnd€FunctionóóÐ ˜è  ÐÌ2.€òòModule€Handling€the€use€of€non„detected€valuesóóÐ Ð  ÐÌ2.1€à0 Ü àDeclaring€the€function€that€will€return€the€values€to€the€query.€The€parameters€x€and€y€referÐ X Ðrespectively€to€concentration€and€detection€limit.Ð ÜT$ÜT$ ÐÌà Ü àòòFunction€Correction€(x,€y)óóÐ ,| ÐÌ2.2€à0 Ü àIdentifying€the€concentration.€If€it€is€not€reported,€return€the€value€ð ðNR;ðð€if€it€is€not€detected,€takeÐ d´ Ðthe€value€of€the€detection€limit€as€the€value€for€the€concentration€to€be€returned.€€Otherwise€leave€theÏvalue€as€it€is.Ð ÜT$ÜT$ ÐÌ€€€à Ü àòò€If€(x€=€"NR")€ThenÐ tÄ Ѐ€€€€€€à 4 à€Correction€=€"NR"Ð à Ѐ€€€à Ü àElseIfÐ ¬ü Ѐ€€€€€€€If€€(x€=€"ND")€ThenÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€à 4 àCorrection€=€yÐ ä!4 Ѐ€€€€€€€ElseÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à 4 àCorrection€=€xÐ $l Ѐ€€€à Ü àEnd€IfÐ 8%ˆ  ÐÌà Ü àEnd€FunctionóóÐ p'À"  ÐÔ#† X†TXX0X†TЪ#ÔÔ‡Xkš XX X†TÔÌÌÔ#† X†TX XXkšÍ¼#ÔÌÌÐ ø,H(% ЇÌÌÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔò òAppendix€GÔ +½ÔÔ#† X†TXXX†TD½#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔòòÐ è8 ÐÓ8½ÓÌMEMORANDUMó óóó:Ð  p ÐÌò òDATE:à0 4 àà Œ àAugust€12,€1998ó óÐ] ­4T$4T$ ÐÌò òSUBJECT:à Œ àEmission€Factors€(lb/MMBtu)€for€Natural€Gas€Fired€TurbinesÐ • å ÐÌFROM:à0 4 àà Œ àKeri€Leach,€Alpha„Gamma€TechnologiesÐÍ 4T$4T$ ÐÌTO:à0 4 àà0Œ 4T$4T$àSims€RoyÐU Œ T$Œ T$ ÐßA€) °°xdE„ Ð AßÐ !q  ÐÌó óThe€emission€factors€(lb/MMBtu)€presented€in€Table€1€were€calculated€for€natural€gas„fired€turbines€fromÐ OŸ Ð23€source€test€reports€in€the€emissions€database.€€Emission€factors€from€test€reports€that€did€not€meetÏacceptance€criteria€established€by€the€CTWG€were€not€used€in€the€calculations€(4.1.2x,€8x,€10x,€29.1,€29.2,Ïand€29.3).€€€In€addition,€only€test€reports€where€the€testing€was€conducted€at€high€loads€(greater€than€80%)Ïwere€included€in€the€analysis.€€Test€reports€in€which€the€load€was€not€specified€in€the€test€report€or€could€notÏbe€estimated€from€fuel€use€data€were€excluded.€€Test€data€for€HAPs€that€were€not€detected€in€any€of€theÏsampling€runs€for€a€source€test€(i.e.,€where€the€concentration€is€ND€in€all€test€runs)€were€excluded.€€ThisÏexclusion€was€made€on€a€pollutant€basis€such€that€we€may€have€used€data€for€a€subset€of€the€HAPs€analyzedÏfor€in€a€particular€source€test.ÌÌThe€following€test€reports€were€used€for€the€emission€factor€calculations:€2,€3.1,€4.2,€6.2,€7,€€9,€11,€12.1,Ï13.1,€15.1,€17,€18,€22,€26,€27,€28,€313.1.1x,€313.2.1x,€314.1x,€315.1x,€316.1.1x,€316.2.1x,€and€317.1x.€ÏListed€below€are€the€source€test€reports€that€were€excluded€from€the€emission€factor€calculation€with€theÏreason€for€exclusion.ÌÌò òÔ*fƒddùdd dd 56„T$„T$fÔÔ, dd ÔÔ,cdd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ  ã"3 „„ÐóŒóTest€Report€ID#òŒòÐ 'G#— „„'ÐóŒóReason€for€ExclusionòŒòÐ G#—  Ðó ó4.1.2xà ˜ àò òÐ  Ç$ ! Ðó óFormaldehyde€data€point€appears€to€be€an€outlier.€€Retest€ofÐ Ç$ " Ðthe€same€turbine€generated€formaldehyde€data€more€consistentÏwith€other€formaldehyde€data€in€the€database.ò òÐ  Ÿ&ï!$ Ðó ó8xà @ àò òÐ  (o#% Ðó óReport€deemed€inadequate€by€state€and€federal€regulatorsÐ (o#& Ðaccording€to€telephone€contact€with€the€turbine€operator.ò òÐ   )[$' Ðó ó10xò òÐ  ‹*Û%( Ðó óMissing€load€and€fuel€usage€data.ò òÐ  ‹*Û%) Ðó ó29.1,€29.2,€29.3ò òÐ   ,['* Ðó óOnly€summary€data€provided;€no€raw€data€sheets,€laboratoryÐ  ,['+ Ðresults,€etc.ò òÐ  ÷,G(, Ðó ó16,€21,€313.1.2x,Ð d Ð313.2.2x,€314.2x,€314.3x,Ï314.4x,€315.2x,€316.1.2x,Ï316.2.2x,€317.2x€€ò òÐ  Ø( Ðó óTesting€occurred€only€at€operating€loads€less€than€80%ò ò.Ð  d Ðó ó23,€25ò òÐ  X ¨ Ðó óLoad€information€not€available.ò òÐ X ¨  ÐÐ t Ä ÐÑTRP Ø'3 Letter LandscapeY3Ø' Letter Ø'3 Letter Landscape 3Ø' LetterTÑTable€G„1.€€HAP€Emission€Factors€[Average,€(Min„Max)]€for€Natural€Gas„Fired€Combustion€TurbinesšÔ‡ìYƒ"ìXX†TÔÐ ° Ðó óÌÔ*fƒ°dd dd cdd „ 0„ 0fÔÔ,rdd ÔÔ,Fdd ÔÔ,¸ dd ÔÔ,dd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ &€ µ „„&ÐÔ#†X†TX"ììYƒ¾Ë#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔHAPÐ ;€*i" „„;Ð#€testsÐ =€*i" „„=ÐAverage€Emission€Factor€(lb/MMBtu)Ð =€*i" „„=ÐRange€(Min€„€Max)Ð +!i" +ÐAcetaldehydeÐ B€3 qÁ  @7„„‰@‰BÐ7Ð ‚€o>qÁ"  @7 @  ÐTè?9.12E-05„„‰ ÐTè?‰‚Ð9.12E„05€€Ð c€PEqÁ "  ÐTè?9.12E-05  ÐTè? „„cÐ(1.10E„05€„€3.50E„04)Ð +!qÁ " +ÐAcroleinÐ B€3 É    @2„„‰@‰BÐ2Ð ‚€o>É  "  @2 @ \‰µ××>5.49E-06„„‰\‰µ××>‰‚Ð5.49E„06Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦Í#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ c€PEÉ  " \‰µ××>5.49E-06 \‰µ××> „„cÐ(4.90E„06€„€6.08E„06)Ð +!É " +ÐBenzeneÐ C€4 ! q  &@11„„‰&@‰CÐ11Ð ƒ€p?! q"  &@11 &@  Õƒ8Å™å>1.03E-05„„‰ Õƒ8Å™å>‰ƒÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦ÍÐ#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔ1.03E„05Ð c€PE! q"  Õƒ8Å™å>1.03E-05  Õƒ8Å™å> „„cÐ(1.34E„06€„€3.91E„05)Ð +!! q" +ÐEthylbenzeneÐ B€3 y É  ð?1„„‰ð?‰BÐ1Ð ‚€o>y É"  ð?1 ð? ]éEí~?4.10E-05„„‰]éEí~?‰‚ÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦Ò#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔ4.10E„05Ð c€PEy É" ]éEí~?4.10E-05 ]éEí~? „„cЄ„„Ð +!y É" +ÐFormaldehydeÐ C€4 Ñ !   6@22„„‰6@‰CÐ22Ð ƒ€p?Ñ ! "  6@22 6@ OYM×]G?7.13E-04„„‰OYM×]G?‰ƒÐ7.13E„04Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦?Ô#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ c€PEÑ ! " OYM×]G?7.13E-04 OYM×]G? „„cÐ(2.21E„06€„€5.61E„03)Ð +!Ñ ! " +ÐNaphthaleneÐ B€3 )y   @3„„‰@‰BÐ3Ð ‚€o>)y "  @3 @ ò_ÿù¦~¸>1.46E-06„„‰ò_ÿù¦~¸>‰‚Ð1.46E„06€Ð c€PE)y " ò_ÿù¦~¸>1.46E-06 ò_ÿù¦~¸> „„cÐ(5.11E„07€„€3.31E„06)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦öÕ#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ +!)y " +ÐPAHÐ B€3 Ñ   @4„„‰@‰BÐ4Ð ‚€o>Ñ "  @4 @ &Jwã´Â>2.23E-06„„‰&Jwã´Â>‰‚Ð2.23E„06Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦,Ø#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ c€PEÑ !" &Jwã´Â>2.23E-06 &Jwã´Â> „„cÐ(1.44E„07€„€7.32E„06)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦iÙ#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ +!Ñ "" +ÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦#Ú#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔTolueneÐ B€3 Ù) #  @7„„‰@‰BÐ7Ð ‚€o>Ù) $"  @7 @ ‰ÓI¶ºœ"?1.42E-04„„‰‰ÓI¶ºœ"?‰‚Ð1.42E„04Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦Ú#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ c€PEÙ) %" ‰ÓI¶ºœ"?1.42E-04 ‰ÓI¶ºœ"? „„cÐ(1.05E„05€„€7.60E„04)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦¦Û#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ +!Ù) &" +ÐXyleneÐ B€3 1'  @5„„‰@‰BÐ5Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦`Ü#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ ‚€o>1("  @5 @ #'¸ý—?4.59E-05„„‰#'¸ý—?‰‚Ð4.59E„05Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦Ý#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ c€PE1)" #'¸ý—?4.59E-05 #'¸ý—? „„cÐ(1.19E„05€„€1.20E„04)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦âÝ#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ/%#1*"  /ÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦œÞ#ÔÌšÔ#† X†TXXX†T¤½#ÔÐ  A‘+ Ðò òÓ  ÓÑTRY3Ø' LetterP Ø'3 Letter Landscape 3Ø' Letter Ø'3 Letter Landscape%%TÑAppendix€Hó óÐ ° ÐÓJßÓÌò òÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔòòMEMORANDUMó óóó:Ð è8 ÐÌò òDATE:à0 4 àà Œ àOctober€9,€1998ó óÐ% u4T$4T$ ÐÌò òSUBJECT:à Œ àEmission€Factors€for€Distillate€Oil„Fired€TurbinesÐ ] ­ ÐÌFROM:à0 4 àà Œ àKeri€Leach,€Alpha„Gamma€TechnologiesЕ å4T$4T$ ÐÌTO:à 4 àà Œ àSims€RoyÐ Í  ÐÌßA€) °°xdE„Ð AßÐ U  ÐÌó óThe€emission€factors€(lb/MMBtu)€presented€in€Table€1€were€calculated€for€distillate€oil„fired€turbinesÐ 3ƒ Ðfrom€8€source€test€reports€in€the€emissions€database.€€Emission€factors€from€test€reports€that€did€not€meetÏacceptance€criteria€established€by€the€CTWG€were€not€used€in€the€calculations.€€€In€addition,€only€test€reportsÏwhere€the€testing€was€conducted€at€high€loads€(greater€than€80%)€were€included€in€the€analysis.€€Test€reportsÏin€which€the€load€was€not€specified€in€the€test€report€or€could€not€be€estimated€from€fuel€use€data€wereÏexcluded.€€Ô#† X†TXXX†Tàà#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔTest€data€for€HAPs€that€were€not€detected€in€any€of€the€sampling€runs€for€a€source€test€(i.e.,€whereÐ Ï Ðthe€concentration€is€ND€in€all€three€runs)€were€excluded.€€This€exclusion€was€made€on€a€pollutant€basis€suchÏthat€we€may€have€used€data€for€a€subset€of€the€HAPs€analyzed€for€in€a€particular€source€test.€€Ô#† X†TXXX†T*å#ÔÔ‡X†TXX X†TÔÐ §÷ ÐÌThe€following€test€reports€were€used€for€the€emission€factor€calculations:€12.2,€13.2,€15.2,€19,€223,€3.2,Ï4.1.1,€and€6.1.€€Listed€below€are€the€source€test€reports€that€were€excluded€from€the€emission€factorÏcalculation€with€the€reason€for€exclusion.ÌÌò òÔ*ˆƒd °drdd Fdd ¸ dd dd „T$„T$ˆÔÔ, dd ÔÔ,cdd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ  ï? „„ÐóŒóTest€Report€ID#òŒòÐ 'S £ „„'ÐóŒóReason€for€ExclusionòŒòÐ S £ Ðó ó14xò òÐ  Ó!# Ðó óMissing€load€and€fuel€usage€data.ò òÐ  Ó!# Ðó ó300.1,€300.3,€301.1ò òÐ  S#£  Ðó óTesting€occurred€only€at€operating€loads€less€than€80%ò ò.Ð S#£!  ÐÐ  s$Ã! ÐÑTRP Ø'3 Letter LandscapeY3Ø' Letter Ø'3 Letter Landscape 3Ø' Letter&&TÑTable€H„1.€€HAP€Emission€Factors€[Average,€(Min„Max)]€for€Distillate€Oil„Fired€Combustion€TurbinesšÔ‡ìYƒ"ìXX†TÔÐ ° Ðó óÌÔ*fƒ°dd dd cdd „ 0„ 0fÔÔ,rdd ÔÔ,Fdd ÔÔ,¸ dd ÔÔ,dd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ &€ µ „„&ÐÔ#†X†TX"ììYƒëë#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔHAPÐ ;€*i" „„;Ð#€testsÐ =€*i" „„=ÐAverage€Emission€Factor€(lb/MMBtu)Ð =€*i" „„=ÐRange€(Min€„€Max)òòÔ#†X†TX,ô÷¦Hí#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôhX†TÔaóóÐ +!i" +ÐBenzeneÐ B€3 qÁ  @3„„‰@‰BÐ3Ð €n>qÁ"  @3 @ €Ÿqá@H?8.5E-05„„‰€Ÿqá@H?‰ÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦î#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔ8.5E„05Ð b€ODqÁ " €Ÿqá@H?8.5E-05 €Ÿqá@H? „„bÐ(2.0E„05€„€1.25E„04)Ð +!qÁ " +ÐCadmiumÐ #€ É   „„#Ð1òòbóóÐ b€OÉ  " vƒ ôõ!Ô>4.8E-06„„‰vƒ ôõ!Ô>‰bÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦»ï#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔ4.8E„06Ð b€ODÉ  " vƒ ôõ!Ô>4.8E-06 vƒ ôõ!Ô> „„bЄ„„Ð +!É " +ÐChromiumÐ #€ ! q „„#Ð1òòb,cóóÐ c€P! q" å3²4¦æ>1.08E-05„„‰å3²4¦æ>‰cÐ1.08E„05Ð c€PE! q" å3²4¦æ>1.08E-05 å3²4¦æ> „„cÐ(1.02E„05€„€1.15E„05)Ð +!! q" +ÐFormaldehydeÐ B€3 y É  @6„„‰@‰BÐ6Ð €n>y É"  @6 @ €Ÿqá@H6?3.4E-04„„‰€Ÿqá@H6?‰Ð3.4E„04Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦9ñ#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ b€ODy É" €Ÿqá@H6?3.4E-04 €Ÿqá@H6? „„bÐ(8.12E„05€„€1.01E„03)Ð +!y É" +ÐLeadÐ #€ Ñ !  „„#Ð1òòb,cóóÐ c€PÑ ! " tR©#‘Çí>1.42E-05„„‰tR©#‘Çí>‰cÐ1.42E„05Ð c€PEÑ ! " tR©#‘Çí>1.42E-05 tR©#‘Çí> „„cÐ(9.04E„06€„€1.93E„05)Ð +!Ñ ! " +ÐManganeseÐ #€ )y  „„#Ð1òòbóóÐ c€P)y " ’Z(™œÚI?7.89E-04„„‰’Z(™œÚI?‰cÐ7.89E„04Ð c€PE)y " ’Z(™œÚI?7.89E-04 ’Z(™œÚI? „„cЄ„„Ð +!)y " +ÐMercuryÐ #€ Ñ  „„#Ð1òòbóóÐ b€OÑ " kN¹uϵ>1.3E-06„„‰kN¹uϵ>‰bÐ1.3E„06Ð b€ODÑ !" kN¹uϵ>1.3E-06 kN¹uϵ> „„bЄ„„Ð +!Ñ "" +ÐNaphthaleneÐ B€3 Ù) #  @4„„‰@‰BÐ4Ð €n>Ù) $"  @4 @ Þ3ßÁO ?5.4E-05„„‰Þ3ßÁO ?‰Ð5.4E„05€Ð b€ODÙ) %" Þ3ßÁO ?5.4E-05 Þ3ßÁO ? „„bÐ(1.11E„05€„€1.53E„04)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦,ô#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ +!Ù) &" +ÐPAHÐ B€3 1'  @6„„‰@‰BÐ6Ð €n>1("  @6 @ fLÁgÓ?3.4E-05„„‰fLÁgÓ?‰Ð3.4E„05Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦øù#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ b€OD1)" fLÁgÓ?3.4E-05 fLÁgÓ? „„bÐ(8.4E„08€„€1.6E„04)Ô#†X†TXôô÷¦3û#ÔÔ‡ô÷¦ôXX†TÔÐ/%#1*"  /ÐÔ#†X†TXôô÷¦êû#ÔÌÌòòaóóà0 Ü àFor€each€test,€an€average€emission€factor€was€calculated€for€each€HAP€detected€in€one€or€more€sampling€runs.€€The€range€presented€in€thisÐ ]­, Ðcolumn€represents€the€range€in€these€average€emission€factors€for€all€tests€where€the€HAP€was€detected.Ð Ü 0Ü 0 Ðòòbóóà0 Ü àData€from€source€test€6.1Ðeµ.Ü 0Ü 0 Ðòòcóóà0 Ü àTwo€tests€conducted€on€the€same€turbine€using€different€test€methodsšÔ#† X†TXXX†T±æ#Ô