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GXX^G`   X@%AppendixA `  @ NSPSandEmissionGuidelineFactSheet(40CFR60SubpartCc)  d    ^XFFX^Xq;XX^XFF7q;XXdXXd7_ ` r m @ NSPSandEmissionGuidelineFactSheet(40CFR60SubpartCc)   @ FinalAirRegulationsforMunicipalSolidWasteLandfills  OnMarch1,1996,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),underauthorityoftheCleanAirAct,issuedafinalregulationcontrollingemissionsofavarietyofairpollutantsfromnewandexistinglargemunicipalsolidwastelandfills.ThisregulationwaspublishedintheFederalRegisteronMarch12,1996.LandfillssubjecttoEPA'sregulationacceptandhandle    everydayhouseholdwaste;theydonothandleregulatedhazardouswaste.Currently,60percentofmunicipalsolidwastegeneratedintheUnitedStatesislandfilled;16percentisincinerated;and24percentisrecycled.  EPAworkedinpartnershipwithmajorstakeholders,includingprivateindustry,theNationalAssociationofCounties,theNationalLeagueofCities,andtheSolidWasteAssociationofNorthAmericatodevelopthefinalrule. WhataretheHealthandEnvironmentalBenefits? H    Asthewasteinalandfilldecomposes,itbreaksdowntoformlandfillgases,suchasmethane,smogcausingvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs),andairtoxics,pollutantsknownorsuspectedofcausingcancerandotherserioushealtheffects.LandfillsarethelargestanthropogenicsourceofmethaneemissionsintheUnitedStates.Methaneisapotentgreenhousegasthatcontributestoglobalwarming.  EPA'sfinalairrulesformunicipalsolidwastelandfillswillachievesignificantreductionsinemissionsofVOCsandairtoxics,suchasbenzene,carbontetrachloride,andchloroform.EPA'sregulationwillreduceemissionsofVOCs,airtoxics,andmalodorouscompoundsfromexistingandnewlandfillsbyover90,000tonsannually(a53percentreductionfromcurrentlevels).Thisrulemakingwillalsoresultinsignificantreductionsinemissionsofmethane,amajorconstituentoflandfillgasandapotentgreenhousegas.Byreducingmethaneemissions,EPA'sregulationwillalsoincreasesafetyinandnearlandfills. T,'8  HowDoesToday'sActionRelatetotheU.S.ClimateChangeActionPlan?     LandfillsarethelargestanthropogenicsourceofmethaneemissionsintheUnitedStates,constitutingabout40percentofthesesources.Methanereductionsofover50percentintheyear2000,anticipatedunderthisrulemaking,aswellasreductionsachievedbyEPA'sLandfillMethaneOutreachProgram,areimportantcomponentsoftheU.S."ClimateChangeActionPlan"toreduceemissionsofgreenhousegasesto1990levelsbytheyear2000.Therulealonewillreducegreenhousegasemissionsby37.1millionmetrictonsofcarbonequivalent(6.2milliontonsofmethane).Whentheoutreachprogramisincludedaswell,totalreductionswillbe38.6mmtce(6.8milliontonsofmethane).  ThisrulemakingandtheEPALandfillMethaneOutreachProgram(LMOP)gohandinhandtoprovidesubstantialreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.Thenewregulationswillcausemanylandfillsacrossthecountrytoassesstheirlandfillgasemissionsandthepotentialforcosteffectiverecoveryofenergyfromthisgas.TheLMOPwillprovidetheselandfillswithguidanceonhowtocomplywiththeregulations,includinghowtoevaluateenergyrecoveryoptions.Workingtogether,thesetwocornerstoneactionsoftheClimateChangeActionPlanwillencouragemanylandfillstocaptureandusetheirlandfillgas. WhataretheMainComponentsofEPA'sFinalRule? F&    EPA'sfinalruletakestheformofnewsourceperformancestandardsfornewlandfillsand ! * emissionguidelinesforexistinglandfills.Stateswilladoptandenforcetheemissionguidelinesforexistinglandfills.Theregulationwillrequirelargelandfillsthatemitlandfillgasinexcessof50megagrams(Mg)peryeartocontrolemissions.Ingeneral,controllingemissionsinvolvesdrillingcollectionwellsintothelandfillandroutingthegastoasuitableenergyrecoverysystemorcombustiondevice.Specifically,theregulationswillrequirethefollowing:0  "0` (#(#Newandexistinglandfillsdesignedtohold2.5millionMgand2.5millionm3of h+&7  wasteormorewillberequiredtoinstallgascollectionsystemsorprovethatthe T,'8 landfillemitslessthan50Mgperyearofnonmethaneorganiccompounds,includingsmogcausingVOCsandairtoxics. ` (#` (#  0  "0` (#(#EPA'sfinalruleprovidestheowneroroperatorofalandfillwithatiersystemfor t determiningifcontrolswillberequired.Iftheowneroroperatorinitially ` calculatestheemissionstobeabovethe50Mgperyearthresholdbyusingdefaultparametersprovidedintheregulation,thetiersystemprovidestheopportunitytoconductsamplinganddeterminesitespecificvaluestodemonstratethatemissionsarebelowtheemissionthresholdandthatcontrolsarenotrequired. ` (#` (# Ѐ  "0 ` Ifemissionscontrolsarerequired,theruleprovidesflexibilitytoindustryby  8  allowinglandfillownersoroperatorstodesigntheirowngascollectionandcontrolsystemtofittheiruniquecircumstances.Acontroldevicemaybeaflareoradevicewhichutilizestheenergycontentofthegas,suchasaninternalcombustionengine,aturbine,oraboiler. ` (#` (# 0  "0` (#(#EPA'sfinalrulecontainsanoperationalstandardthatrequiresalandfill'ssurface p methaneconcentrationtobemonitoredonaquarterlybasis.Ifthesurfaceconcentrationofmethaneisgreaterthan500partspermillionafterthreeconsecutivemeasurements,theregulationrequiressystemexpansiontocomplywiththerule. ` (#` (#   Thefinalrulewillachievesubstantialemissionreductionswithoutplacinganunduefinancialburdenonmunicipalities,andwillplacenoburdenonsmallmunicipalities(sincesmalllandfillsareexemptedfromtheregulation).Wastedisposalcostswillincreaseonlyabout20to40centsperhousehold.EPAanticipatesthatmanylandfillswilluseenergyrecoverysystems,furtherreducingcostsperhousehold. WhoWillbeAffectedbyEPA'SFinalRule?  0"#   Approximately7000landfillsexistintheUnitedStates.However,over90percentoftheselandfillshavedesigncapacitieslessthanthe2.5millionMgexemptionintheregulation.Thus,lessthan10percentaresubjecttotheannualemissionratereportsand/orcontrolrequirements.Ofthis10percent,about6percentwillhaveemissionslessthan50Mg/yr,sowillnotberequiredtoapplycontrols.Theremaining4percentoftheexistinglandfillsnationwidewillhaveemissionsover50Mg/yrandwillbesubjecttothecontrolrequirementsoftheEmissionGuidelines. @-(3 Ї ForFurtherInformation...     AnyonewithacomputerandamodemcandownloadthefinalrulefromtheCleanAirActAmendmentsbulletinboard(lookunder"RecentlySignedRules")onEPA'selectronicTechnologyTransferNetwork(TTN)bycalling(919)5415742.Forfurtherinformationabouthowtoaccesstheboard,call(919)5415384.Fortechnicalquestionsabouttherule,contactMarthaSmithofEPA'sOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandardsat(919)    % o  541-2421.ForinformationontheEPALandfillMethaneOutreachProgram(LMOP),calltheLMOPHotlineat(202)2339042.