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 ƒ   ! ÝÝ    ÝÔ €  XO  X  X X   ÔÓC €	                  ÿÿ   $   #                 C Ó€€Standards€of€Performance€for€New€Stationary€Sources€and€Guidelines€for€Control€of€Ð   	 °      Ð€€Existing€Sources:€Municipal€Solid€Waste€LandfillsÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Vol.€58,No.€117Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€58€FR€33790Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Monday,€June€21,€1993ÌÌ€€AGENCY:€€ENVIRONMENTAL€PROTECTION€AGENCY€(EPA)Ì€€DOC€TYPE:€€Proposed€RulesÌ€€CFR:€€40€CFR€Parts€51,€52,€and€60Ì€€NUMBER:€€AD-FRL-4669-4Ì€€DATES:€€DATES:€Comments.€Comments€on€these€additional€data€must€be€received€on€or€Ì€€€€before€July€21,€1993.€{pg€33791}Ì€€CONTACT:€€FOR€FURTHER€INFORMATION€CONTACT:€For€further€information€contactÏMr.€Ì€€€€Dennis€Doll,€Standards€Development€Branch,€Emission€Standards€Division€(MD-13),€Ì€€€€U.S.€Environmental€Protection€Agency,€Research€Triangle€Park,€North€Carolina€Ì€€€€27711,€telephone€number€(919)€541-5693.Ì€€ADDRESS:€€ADDRESSES:€Comments.€Comments€should€be€submitted€(in€duplicate,€if€Ì€€€€possible),€to€Air€Docket€(LE-131),€ATTN:€docket€no.€A-88-09,€room€M1500,€U.S.€Ì€€€€Environmental€Protection€Agency,€401€M€Street€SW.,€Washington,€DC€20460.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€Docket.€A€special€docket€category€IV-M€has€been€established€for€this€new€data€Ì€€€€and€information.€The€docket€is€available€for€public€inspection€and€copying€Ì€€€€between€the€hours€of€8:30€a.m.€and€3:30€p.m.€Monday€through€Friday,€excluding€Ì€€€€Federal€holidays,€at€the€EPA's€Air€Docket,€Waterside€Mall,€room€M1500,€1st€floor,€Ì€€€€U.S.€Environmental€Protection€Agency,€401€M€Street€SW.,€Washington,€DC€20460.€A€Ì€€€€reasonable€fee€may€be€charged€for€copying.Ì€€ACTION:€€ACTION:€Notice€of€availability.Ì€€SUMMARY:€€SUMMARY:€New€source€performance€standards€(NSPS)€and€emissionÏguidelines€Ì€€€€(EG)€for€municipal€solid€waste€(MSW)€landfills€were€proposed€in€the€Federal€Ì€€€€Register€on€May€30,€1991€(56€FR€24468).€This€notice€announces€the€availability€of€Ì€€€€additional€data€and€information€on€changes€in€the€EPA's€modelling€methodology€Ì€€€€being€used€in€the€development€of€the€final€NSPS€and€EG€for€MSW€landfills€under€Ì€€€€the€authority€of€section€111€(b)€and€(d)€of€the€Clean€Air€Act€(Act).€The€Ì€€€€additional€data€and€information€are€available€for€public€inspection€at€the€EPA's€Ì€€€€Air€Docket.€Comment€on€the€data€and€information€provided€in€Air€Docket€No.€A-88-Ì€€€€09,€Category€IV-M,€received€within€the€public€comment€period€will€be€considered€Ì€€€€in€selecting€the€final€NSPS€and€EG.€The€public€comment€period€for€the€original€Ì€€€€proposal€has€closed,€and€this€notice€pertains€only€to€the€new€data€and€Ì€€€€information€discussed€in€this€notice.€Therefore,€comments€are€not€solicited€on€Ì€€€€aspects€of€the€proposed€NSPS€and€EG€other€than€the€new€information€and€data€Ì€€€€provided€in€Category€IV-M.Ì€€WORD€COUNT:€€2,322Ì€€TEXT:€Ð   	 @-(,   Ð€€€SUPPLEMENTARY€INFORMATION:€On€May€30,€1991,€the€EPA€proposed€NSPS€and€EG€that€Ì€€would€reduce€air€emissions€from€certain€MSW€landfills€under€the€authority€of€Ì€€section€111€of€the€Act€(56€FR€24468).€The€intent€of€the€proposed€NSPS€and€EG€is€to€Ì€€require€certain€MSW€landfills€to€control€emissions€to€the€level€achievable€by€Ì€€applying€the€best€demonstrated€system€of€continuous€emission€reduction€considering€Ì€€costs,€nonair€quality€health€and€environmental€impacts,€and€energy€requirements.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€1991€proposal€discussed€the€potential€for€energy€recovery€when€meeting€the€Ì€€NSPS€and€EG,€but€did€not€incorporate€the€use€of€energy€recovery€into€the€estimated€Ì€€nationwide€impacts€resulting€from€the€proposed€NSPS€and€EG.€Public€commenters€on€Ì€€the€proposal€asserted€that€the€potential€for€reduced€cost€of€compliance€due€to€the€Ì€€use€of€energy€recovery€was€not€adequately€reflected€in€the€nationwide€impacts€Ì€€analysis.€Many€commenters€recommended€that€energy€recovery€be€incorporated€into€the€Ì€€nationwide€impacts€estimates€and€be€considered€in€selecting€the€stringency€level€of€Ì€€the€standard€(i.e.,€the€emission€level€at€which€the€installation€of€a€gas€Ì€€collection€and€control€system€would€be€required).Ì€€Ì€€€€€€Additionally,€several€commenters€asserted€that€the€modeling€of€gas€generation€Ì€€at€landfills€was€highly€theoretical,€and€suggested€that€additional€data€for€Ì€€assessing€both€gas€generation€and€costs€of€control€be€gathered€and€considered€in€Ì€€setting€the€final€rules.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€In€the€development€of€the€proposed€NSPS€and€EG,€the€EPA€developed€a€pool€of€Ì€€basic€gas€generation€rate€parameters€including€the€methane€generation€rate€constant€Ì€€(k),€the€methane€generation€potential€(Lsub€o),€and€the€concentration€of€nonmethane€Ì€€organic€compounds€(C€sub€NMOC).€These€parameters€were€used€in€the€regulatory€Ì€€impacts€analysis€to€estimate€the€nationwide€impacts€of€applying€gas€collection€and€Ì€€control€to€both€new€and€existing€landfills.€These€parameters€were€generated€from€a€Ì€€data€base€of€landfill€information€from€landfills€for€which€there€was€sufficient€Ì€€site-specific€data€to€perform€the€calculations€(the€k,Lsub€o€data€base).€The€k,Lsub€Ì€€o€data€base€was€compiled€using€data€from€the€available€literature,€State€and€local€Ì€€air€pollution€control€agencies,€and€industry€data€obtained€through€the€authority€of€Ì€€section€114€of€the€Act.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€EPA€received€additional€landfill€data€from€within€the€Agency€and€from€Ì€€industry€just€before,€and€subsequent€to,€the€proposal€of€the€NSPS€and€EG.€In€light€Ì€€of€the€new€data€and€commenters'€requests€for€further€evaluation€of€gas€generation€Ì€€and€energy€recovery,€the€EPA€has€reviewed€and€updated€the€k,Lsub€o€data€base.€Ì€€Additionally,€the€EPA€has€revised€the€modeling€methodology€for€deriving€k€and€Lsub€Ì€€o,€and€using€the€updated€data€base,€has€developed€a€revised€data€set€of€k,Lsub€o€Ì€€pairs.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€additional€data€and€modeling€methodologies€that€will€be€considered€in€Ì€€selecting€the€final€NSPS€and€EG€are:€(1)€An€updated€data€base€of€site-specific€Ì€€landfill€information€from€which€k,Lsub€o€pairs€are€calculated€and€C€sub€NMOC€values€Ì€€are€selected€(the€k,Lsub€o€data€base);€(2)€revised€modeling€methodologies€used€to€Ì€€calculate€k€values€which€are€then€used€to€estimate€nationwide€impacts;€and€(3)€the€Ì€€incorporation€of€energy€recovery€in€the€modeling€of€nationwide€impacts.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€revised€site-specific€k,Lsub€o€data€base€was€compiled€using€some€of€the€Ì€€original€proposal€data€in€conjunction€with€new€data€for€various€landfills€received€Ì€€from€data€requests€and€surveys€conducted€by€the€Office€of€Research€and€Development€Ì€€(ORD).€The€revised€k,Lsub€o€data€base€also€contains€updated€landfill€data€for€some€Ì€€of€the€original€landfill€sites.€The€EPA€considers€this€data€base€to€be€more€Ì€€accurate€and€representative€than€the€one€used€at€proposal€for€determining€landfill€Ì€€gas€generation€potential.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€revised€modeling€methodology€includes€a€new€procedure€for€deriving€k,Lsub€o€Ì€€pairs.€The€approach€used€at€proposal€assumed€three€default€Lsub€o€values€based€on€a€Ì€€literature€review€(high€8,120€cubic€feet€methane€per€megagram€(ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg)€of€Ì€€refuse,€medium€6,350€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse,€and€low€2,100€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse)€Ì€€to€calculate€the€corresponding€k€values€for€each€landfill€in€the€proposal€k,Lsub€o€Ì€€data€base.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€high,€medium,€and€low€Lsub€o€values€were€used€to€represent€the€potential€Ì€€variation€in€methane€generation€potential€between€various€waste€streams.€However,€Ì€€only€one€of€the€3€k,Lsub€o€pairs€was€ever€assigned€to€a€given€landfill€when€Ì€€estimating€nationwide€impacts.€This€resulted€in€one-third€of€the€landfills€having€a€Ì€€high€Lsub€o€assigned€and€another€one-third€having€a€low€Lsub€o€assigned,€assuming€Ì€€it€was€equally€as€likely€that€a€landfill€may€have€a€high,€medium,€or€low€Lsub€o€Ì€€value.€This€methodology€increases€the€likelihood€that€extreme€combinations€of€Ì€€k,Lsub€o€pairs€and€C€sub€NMOC€values€could€be€assigned€to€the€landfills€in€the€data€Ì€€bases€used€to€estimate€nationwide€impacts.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€new€approach€determines€the€average€Lsub€o€for€each€landfill€by€calculating€Ì€€the€minimum€and€maximum€that€may€be€solved€for€that€landfill.€These€are€used€to€Ì€€determine€an€average€Lsub€o,€provided€that€each€value€falls€within€a€range€of€2,000€Ì€€to€7,000€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse.€If€the€solvable€maximum€value€falls€outside€the€Ì€€range,€the€maximum€end€point€of€the€range€(i.e.,€7,000€ft€3€CHsub€4€methane/Mg€Ì€€refuse)€is€used€in€determining€the€average.€The€corresponding€k€value€is€calculated€Ì€€from€this€average€Lsub€o.€Because€gas€generation€rates€are€influenced€by€moisture€Ì€€content,€the€revised€modeling€also€includes€a€procedure€to€generate€a€balanced€set€Ì€€of€k,Lsub€o€pairs€from€landfills€in€both€arid€and€nonarid€regions€in€roughly€the€Ì€€same€proportions€as€the€amount€of€waste€deposited€in€arid€and€nonarid€regions€on€a€Ì€€nationwide€basis€(see€Anthropogenic€Methane€Emissions€in€the€United€States.€Report€Ì€€to€Congress,€EPA€Global€Change€Division,€Draft,€October€1992;€and€Memorandum,€R.€Ì€€Pelt,€Radian€Corporation,€to€D.€Doll,€"Methodology€used€to€Revise€the€Model€Inputs€Ì€€in€the€Municipal€Solid€Waste€Landfills€Input€Databases,€(Revised)",€April€28,€Ì€€1993.).€This€balanced€set€is€applied€to€the€landfills€data€base€used€in€estimating€Ì€€the€nationwide€impacts.€The€approach€allows€the€k,Lsub€o€pairs€to€differ€based€on€Ì€€site-specific€information€from€landfills€in€both€arid€and€nonarid€areas€and€does€Ì€€not€assume€that€high€or€low€Lsub€o€values€are€equally€likely€to€occur€as€an€average€Ì€€value€at€any€given€landfill.€This€approach€also€reduces€the€potential€for€an€Ì€€extreme€combination€of€both€high€(or€low)€Lsub€o€and€C€sub€NMOC€values€to€be€Ì€€assigned€to€a€given€landfill.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€As€a€result€of€the€updated€k,Lsub€o€data€base€and€the€revised€modeling€Ì€€methodologies,€the€average€value€for€k€in€the€data€base€of€existing€landfills€{pg€Ì€€33792}increased€from€0.0264€yr€sup€-at€proposal€to€0.0307€yr€sup€-,€while€the€Ì€€values€for€Lsub€o€and€C€sub€NMOC€decreased€from€6,288€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse€and€Ì€€2,561€parts€per€million€by€volume€(ppmv)€as€hexane,€at€proposal,€to€4,955€ft€3€Ì€€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse€and€1,532€ppmv€as€hexane,€respectively,€in€the€current€analysis.€Ì€€The€average€value€for€k€in€the€data€base€of€new€landfills€increased€from€0.0265€yr€Ì€€sup€-at€proposal€to€0.0306€yr€sup€-,€while€the€values€for€Lsub€o€and€C€sub€NMOC€Ì€€decreased€from€6,417€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse€and€1,788€ppmv,€as€hexane€at€proposal,€Ì€€to€4,953€ft€3€CHsub€4/Mg€refuse€and€1,398€ppmv€as€hexane,€respectively,€in€the€Ì€€current€analysis.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€As€k€increases,€the€total€gas€that€may€be€released€from€a€given€quantity€of€Ì€€refuse€is€released€more€quickly.€Overall,€this€would€result€in€a€higher€peak€gas€Ì€€flow,€and€more€landfills€requiring€control€at€a€given€stringency€level.€On€the€Ì€€other€hand,€this€change€does€not€increase€the€total€gas€that€may€be€released€at€a€Ì€€given€landfill,€but€would€result€in€a€shorter€control€period€at€any€landfill€that€Ì€€already€required€control€using€the€earlier€k€values.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€lower€Lsub€o€values€would€decrease€the€total€potential€gas€emissions€as€Ì€€well€as€the€nationwide€annual€emission€rate€and,€therefore,€would€result€in€fewer€Ì€€landfills€estimated€to€require€control€at€a€given€stringency€level€when€compared€to€Ì€€the€proposal€analysis.€It€is€possible,€however,€that€the€change€is€small€enough€Ì€€that€control€would€still€be€required,€but€for€a€shorter€period.€In€the€same€way,€Ì€€lower€C€sub€NMOC€values€would€also€result€in€fewer€landfills€requiring€control€at€a€Ì€€given€stringency€level,€and€a€shorter€control€period€for€landfills€requiring€Ì€€control€when€compared€to€the€proposal€analysis.€Because€the€k,Lsub€o€pairs€are€Ì€€randomly€assigned€independently€from€the€C€sub€NMOC€values,€there€may€be€some€Ì€€mixing€of€these€impacts€on€a€landfill-by-landfill€basis€but,€on€average,€it€is€Ì€€expected€that€fewer€landfills€would€require€control€at€each€stringency€level€than€Ì€€in€the€proposal€analysis.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€third€change€to€the€modeling€methodologies€discussed€in€this€notice€Ì€€pertains€to€the€incorporation€of€energy€recovery€in€the€modeling€of€nationwide€Ì€€impacts.€In€the€preamble€to€the€proposed€NSPS€and€EG,€the€EPA€requested€comments€on€Ì€€whether€energy€recovery€requirements€should€be€considered€in€the€selection€of€the€Ì€€stringency€level€of€the€NSPS€and€EG.€In€response€to€many€comments€suggesting€that€Ì€€energy€recovery€should€be€considered€in€estimating€the€nationwide€impacts€that€Ì€€result€from€the€NSPS€and€EG,€the€EPA€decided€to€incorporate€energy€recovery€in€the€Ì€€nationwide€impacts€analysis€for€the€final€NSPS€and€EG.€The€revised€analysis€adds€a€Ì€€method€for€selecting€between€control€using€energy€recovery€and€control€using€flares€Ì€€only.€The€model€now€selects€the€control€strategy€which€results€in€the€least€cost€of€Ì€€control€using€either€flares,€internal€combustion€engines,€or€gas€turbines€over€the€Ì€€control€period€required€by€the€NSPS€or€EG.€The€cost€basis€for€the€energy€recovery€Ì€€option€was€based€on€the€use€of€internal€combustion€engines€or€gas€turbines€and€Ì€€compiled€from€information€gathered€prior€to€proposal,€as€well€as€additional€Ì€€information€gathered€from€vendors€and€landfill€operators€subsequent€to€the€Ì€€proposal.€(See€Memorandum,€M.€Thomas,€Radian€Corporation,€to€D.€Doll,€Changes€to€Ì€€the€Municipal€Solid€Waste€Landfills€Nationwide€Impacts€Program€Since€Proposal,€Ì€€April€28,€1993.)Ì€€Ì€€€€€€The€energy€recovery€modeling€also€takes€into€account€the€potential€for€energy€Ì€€recovery€to€be€installed€at€landfills€in€the€absence€of€the€NSPS€and€EG.€This€is€Ì€€accomplished€by€removing€the€same€proportion€of€potentially€profitable€energy€Ì€€recovery€landfills€from€the€data€base€as€are€currently€projected€to€use€energy€Ì€€recovery€over€the€next€10€years.€(See€Memorandum,€K.€Hogan,€Office€of€Atmospheric€Ì€€Programs€(OAP),€to€D.€Doll,€Office€of€Air€Quality€Planning€and€Standards€(OAQPS),€Ì€€Landfill€Rule€Energy€Recovery€Cost€Analysis;€December€16,€1992.)Ì€€Ì€€€€€€New€items€entered€into€the€docket€include:€(1)€Memorandum,€R.€Pelt,€Radian€Ì€€Corporation,€to€D.€Doll,€Methodology€used€to€Revise€the€Model€Inputs€in€the€Ì€€Municipal€Solid€Waste€Landfills€Input€Databases,€(Revised),€April€28,€1993;€(2)€Ì€€Memorandum,€M.€Thomas,€Radian€Corporation,€to€Docket,€Changes€to€the€Municipal€Ì€€Solid€Waste€Landfills€Nationwide€Impacts€Program€Since€Proposal,€April€28,€1993;€Ì€€(3)€Report€to€Congress,€EPA€Global€Change€Division,€Anthropogenic€Methane€Emissions€Ì€€in€the€United€States,€Draft,€October€1992;€(4)€Memorandum,€K.€Hogan,€Office€of€Ì€€Atmospheric€Programs€(OAP),€to€D.€Doll,€Office€of€Air€Quality€Planning€and€Ì€€Standards€(OAQPS),€Landfill€Rule€Energy€Recovery€Cost€Analysis,€December€16,€1992;€Ì€€and€(5)€Memorandum,€R.€Pelt€and€S.€Fields,€Radian€Corporation,€to€D.€Doll,€Revised€Ì€€Nationwide€Impacts€for€Development€of€Regulatory€Alternatives,€June€4,€1993.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€Dated:€June€14,€1993.Ì€€Ì€€€€€€Michael€H.€Shapiro,Ì€€Ì€€€€€€Acting€Assistant€Administrator€for€Air€and€Radiation.Ì€€INTERNAL€DATA:€€FR€Doc.€93-14567;€Filed€6-18-93;€8:45€am;€BILLING€CODE:€6560-50-PÌÌÌ