WPC* ,<#,b1V}-k/`/z(ijPTXo8{0_WttSdZ^䅈r7қ?EbdRG;t~kjX,Ғ1Vk*:ћl Dj6{;i A M縹~zn,c>3bm|9Ԉh QOuPNHJg*8AE&0N_LL߾FIPO ryD9 6K9G^I 8D2@cAf( MrE9 |olN<~Szs`@"{\ *x3X2#<Z)b٨Cb'[a7bnn`hT8 \#`6Ǽ[Q;G;ıwL5v>Z1@M'q]{R&)wAo gmP $[@ų-.;#!UN  %Y 0>_ 0>^ w4 m 0' 0 04  0= 04""N# 0# 0$ 0:K% 0 & 0& 06y'Q(t))f1*a3*@>G*G*@>*o=***?gho thi?qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq 0Z1 D3 0K D3 B<<< D3Y D3 B D3 B D3, B_ D/| D3 B* DC B-KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 0Yxxxxxxxxxxx AO 0D 1iddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd B* B.faAcrobat PDFWriter,,,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($ mdteeFc9$AWMA 98 Paper Title: 18 Pt. Times, BoldXw4XXXXXw4 mdXw4XXXXXw4 mdӷl.'cZ&3|xUNAAF$Not Used for AWMA 98XXXXXX XXXXXX pQQFJ$AWMA 98 Heading 3: 14 Pt. Times, BoldXw4XXXXXw4 Xw4XXXXXw4 QQN1$AWMA 98 Authors & 4th Level Titles: 12 Pt, Times, BoldXw4XXXXw4XXXw4 Xw4XXXXw4XXXw4 NAAN$Not Used for AWMA 98XXXXXX XXXXXX A&WMA 99 Paper  + ' &Michael Newman&0Michael Newman .   ($ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 `DD 6Awma TitleA&WMA 99 Paper Title mmdXX   mmdXX   \.. 8Awma Head 1AWMA 99 Heading 17|"Arial =!w*wgw = - %2 44 MW or into which HH&k&H+%H%I%\HBI% *2 &kthe emission stream is %HI%HpCBHI%B&+HHp%B% $2 introduced with the H%,HHIBIH%\%H%&HI 2  primary fuel?H+oI+@%&HHH2 2 2 2 2 2   --$2 2 ' ' 2 z"Arial !w*wgw - ------*2 LExempt from compliance X@KoK%%%-Jp%CJpJJKBJ& 2 " Ndemonstrations. JKoKJB&-J%JJC%    -% - $ * d n  % n   $ V   --R ------12 MDetermine net heating value _K%J-pKJ%KJ%%KJK%JK%EJKJ% 02 of the gas being combusted K%%%KJ%JKB&JJJJ&BKoJKB&JJ& -2 &and the exit velocity in dJJK%%JK%JA&%DKJC%A%J% -2 )accordance with Sections dJCBK-JJKBK%\%K%XJC%JJC% +2 u63.11(b)(6) through (8) JK%JK-J--K-%%J-KJKJ%-J-& 02 junder the most challenging JKJJ-&%JJ&oKB%&BJKJJKJK% -2 yconditions for the flare.gCJJK%JJC%%K-%%JK%%J-J%  --}$ ------C2 ;5(Have CEMS operational on the compliance `JEJ%`XpX%KJJ-K%KJJ%JK%%JK%CJoKJJCJ% ?2 "%date. If calibrating TOC monitor on cJK%J%&%%%%CJJ-K%KJ%Th`%pJJ%J-&JJ& :2 "predominant HAP, use Method 18 to J-JKJpKJJ%&`XX%%JCJ&oJ&JJK%JK%%K% 42 fdetermine the predominant HAP.KJ%K-oJJ&%JJ&J-JKJpJKJ%&`XX%  --$  ------E2 6 )Conduct performance test to show initial `JKJJC%%KJ-%K-oKJCJ%%KB%&%J%CJK\%K%K% H2 {+compliance with the limit and to establish CJpJJKBK%\%K%%KJ%o%%KJJ%&J%KB%KJBK% 12 operating parameter values. JJK-J%JK%JJ.JoK%J-&DJJKB%&\ \ \ \ \ \   --$ \!!`  \|"Arial !w*wgw  - ------2 x  Will ongoing %HIHHHI% 2 Xcompliance be BIoIIHCH%IH% 2 Sm demonstrated IHpHIB%+I%HI% 2  with CEMS?\%H%^YkXIAA  -%A- $:NANNA%ANN2 $2NkTa ^Ta  %a Ta ^^B $B^{ -- 2z"Arial C!w*wgw C - ------<2 #Must either demonstrate compliance tpJC%%K%KJ-%KJpJJC%-J&J%CJpJJJCJ& C2 ~(with the percent reduction requirements \%J&%JK%JJ-CJK%%-KJJC%KJ%-KJJ-JpJK%B% B2 v'or show the uncontrolled emissions are K-%BKJ\%%KJ%KJCJJ&-JJJ&JpCBKJC%J-K% :2 }"below the applicability cutoffs. JKJ\&%JK%JJKBKJ%A%BK%J&%B&%%  --E$U"Arial !w*wgw  - ------H2 T+Calculate uncontrolled emissions per batch \GAFF#G#FGAFF$+FFG#Gk@AGFA#FG+#GF#AF$ H2 U+or per hour using equations in the rule or F+$FF,#FGF+#G@FG#FGFG#FFA#F#$FF$+FF#G+# ?2 %based on an engineering assessment. lGFAFG#FG#GF#GFGGFF,FG#G@AFA@lFG##$# B2 9'Multiply result by projected number of hF$G=#+FAF##G<$F+GFA#GF#GFlFG+#G## K2 -batches per year or operating hours per year.FG#@GFA#GF+#=FG+#G+#FGF+G#FF$FGF+A#FG+#=FG+#  -%-X $XXe############ --$##P (P '##~"Arial !w*wgw - ------2 Is the control#A##IH#AHI#+I 2 SX device a IHAAH#I# 2  condenser?AHIHIHAH+I  --w ------B2 E'Determine operating temperature needed ^H$H+lIH#IHH,H#HH$#HlHI+H#I+H$HHIHIH# E2 )to achieve required reduction. Use this #H#I@II@I#+HIH+HH$+HIHA#IH#$#^@I##IA# I2 $,value in equations in the rule to calculate @IHI#I#HIHI#IHA#I##IH#+II##H$@IAHI#H$ -2 gthe controlled emissions.s#HI#AHH$+HHI#HlA@HI@#  2 ,YesERHA&S VS &S   -%S &S V-o $o S >6  ------ 2 Q No^I  2 No^IQ=#Q=#Q=#Q=#Q=#Q=#  --$=#QJ >MVJ a=#Q ------2 [Is the inlet HAP#A##IH#HI##^VV $2 Bload to the controlHIH##I##IH#AHI#+I 2 ; device <9.1 IHAAH#MH#I# 2 Mg/yr?lI#<+I  -- ------<2 "&#Determine controlled emissions and a^H#I+kHI#@IH#,HHI#HlA@HI@#IHI# :2 "control efficiency using either a @IH#+I#I%%AIHA<$HAHI#I#IH+#I# C2 (performance test or a design evaluation.IH+%I+lHHAH$#HA##I+#H$HI@IH$HAHIH#HI#  2 [YesHRHA        --$  A c k# A   z"Arial !w*wgw  - ------2  Are projected X-J%K-JJB&JJ& !2 Bannual emissions KJJKJ%JpCBJJC% 2 + below the KJK\%%JK% 2 Y applicability JJKCJK%A% 2 \cutoffs?CJ%K%%CJ } } } } } }  --$}   } }  ------$2 Initial compliance %K%J%CJpJJKBK% !2 demonstration is eJJpJKB%-K%KJ%B% 2 h  complete.CJpJK%J&R y R R   -%R R y - n $n R a 5    %    $   L ML L %L L Mh $h L 5/  --4~"Arial L!w*wgw L - ------<2 (#Determine controlled emissions and t^H#I+kHI#@IH#+IHH$HlA@HHA#IHI# I2 b,control efficiency using a performance test.AHH$+H$H%%@HI@=#I@IH$H#IH+%I+kIHAH#$HA##  2  No^I  2 YesRHAz"Arial !w*wgw -  2 at No`J Courierf5  -!@8J:\AWMA\PAPERS\AWMA-DR0.WMFJ:\AWMA\PAPERS\awma-dr-f2.wmf W# md  _ [ Figure  2   .Flowchartofinitialcompliancerequirementsforprocessvents.WPC&^2&^2!&^2C351`&^2)%+ -XjX?351)%+ -.Wj)%+ - $<$351)%+ -.@T$)%+ - 7 F FF 351)%+ -.c ^F * )%+ - 5 $D$351)%+ -.@\$)%+ - \351)%+ -.D)%+ - #!351)%+ -.-"!-")%+ - 8351)%+ -.KK)%+ - s'.&351)%+ -.&&&)%+ - -Q,351)%+ -.,9,,351)%+ -.(Z.9N351` E.."C.GAHelveticaG Start"g'GAHelveticaG Yes" GAHelveticaG Yes"2GAHelveticaG No)%+ - " )1)351)%+ -.)I))" *GAHelveticaG No351)%+ -.)2, )p')"*GAHelveticaG Isfacility"-W*GAHelveticaG amajorsource")GAHelveticaG forHAP"<)GAHelveticaG emissions?351)%+ -.{((5+{5+{("Pa*GAHelveticaG PAIMACTruledoesnotapply"0)GAHelveticaG tothefacility.351)%+ -.# # &&#" U%GAHelveticaG IdentifyeachPAIprocessunit(i.e.,"$GAHelveticaG theprimaryuseofmaterialproduced"8$GAHelveticaG isasaPAIorintegralintermediate).351)%+ -. R"uGAHelveticaG IsPAI"jGAHelveticaG processunit"YGAHelveticaG partofa"jGAHelveticaG processunit"<GAHelveticaG group?)%+ - L0351)%+ -.)%+ - g ! 351)%+ -.{  { 351)%+ -.xP * 3 T sxP " GAHelveticaG Areanyof">a GAHelveticaG theproductsa"" GAHelveticaG pharmaceutical" F GAHelveticaG productsubject"GAHelveticaG tosubpart"*GAHelveticaG GGG?351)%+ -.}& }& ''}"SGAHelveticaG ComplywiththePAIMACT"GAHelveticaG ruleforthePAIprocessunit.351)%+ -.! @"a GAHelveticaG DoesPAI"nGAHelveticaG processunit"KFGAHelveticaG process,use,"GAHelveticaG orproduce"!*GAHelveticaG HAP?)%+ -  351)%+ -.- 351)%+ -.Ui Ui U"*GAHelveticaG PAIMACTruledoesnotapply"cGAHelveticaG totheprocessunit."w GAHelveticaG No"eGAHelveticaG Yes" GAHelveticaG No)%+ -  q 351)%+ -. ,  351)%+ -. YV,$Y "HGAHelveticaG IsPAIprocessunit"0GAHelveticaG either:(1)partofaplantsite" mGAHelveticaG atwhichallPAIprocessunits"GAHelveticaG wereconstructedafter"bQGAHelveticaG 11/10/97,or(2)anaddition"GAHelveticaG thatwasconstructedafter"6GAHelveticaG 11/10/97withaPTEof"GAHelveticaG >"3GAHelveticaG 10tons/yrofanyone"GAHelveticaG HAPor"GAHelveticaG >"GAHelveticaG 25tons/yrof"GAHelveticaG combinedHAP?351)%+ -.k;$;$kk;"GAHelveticaG Complywithexistingsource"goGAHelveticaG standardsinthePAIMACTrule."GAHelveticaG Yes" GAHelveticaG Yes351)%+ -.D f $C D "3GAHelveticaG Isthe"2GAHelveticaG primaryproduct"@GAHelveticaG oftheprocess"GAHelveticaG unitgroupsubject"GAHelveticaG toanother"lGAHelveticaG MACTrule?351)%+ -.www"GAHelveticaG Complywitheithertheother"eGAHelveticaG MACTruleorthePAIMACT"GAHelveticaG ruleforthePAIprocessunit."x4 GAHelveticaG No"g[GAHelveticaG No"  GAHelveticaG Yes351)%+ -.} } }" GAHelveticaG Complywitheithersubpart"I GAHelveticaG GGGorthePAIMACTrulefor"[GAHelveticaG thePAIprocessunit." c$~GAHelveticaG 1"m~GAHelveticaG 2"~GAHelveticaG 3" GAHelveticaG 3,4" ~GAHelveticaG 3351)%+ -.h|$|$WhWh"@GAHelveticaG Complywithnewsource"c GAHelveticaG standardsinthePAIMACTrule.0ƚ'(# F ( &pvvv|||222 $$$???333!!!111FFF&&&GGGKKK000444ZZZBBBaaaTTT(((nnnYYYqqqoookkkMMMEEEXXXRRRttt{{{```zzzyyy45'( --'(' ZDA' Z - %Z' ZDAD-` $`YD'  > % >   $ V  9 H9 %9 H  $ `7 F7 %7 F $^__%_s $ss% $x% $00%0E $EE#"#%#"h" $h"!h" --e# 5%--$$"Arial !w*wgw  - ------2 $IStartT#G+#  2 $YesrSFA  2 YesrRG@  2 No\G$ 3$   -%$ 3- $K{ ------ 2 [ No\G  --$! - ------2  Is facility#A##G@$< 2  3a major source PF$kGF,#@GF+AF$ 2 for HAP #F+#\UT# 2  emissions?FlA@FG@GH}H}H}H}H}H}  --$}HH } }H ------32  VPAI MACT rule does not apply TU##hT\N#+GG#FGFA#GF#$FGF=# 2 6to the facility.#F$#FG##G@#<$  --$   ------@2 &Identify each PAI process unit (i.e., #FGF$#=#GFAF#UT##G+FAFA@$FG##+#G### ?2 %the primary use of material produced #GF#G+lF+=#G@G#G##lF#G+G#G+FGFAFG# @2 &is as a PAI or integral intermediate).@$FA#F$TT##G+#F#GF+G#F#G+lFFF$F+#        --$     ------2 2Is PAI#A#TT# 2 n process unit F+G@G@A#FG$# 2  part of a GF+#$F#$F# 2 n process unit F+G@G@A#FG$# 2 group?G+FGFG    -% -G  $G G $$%$8 $88 z z z z z z --$z 5 0z  ------2  Are any ofT+G#FG=#F# 2 Athe products a #FG#F+GFG@$@$F# 2 %pharmaceutical GFG+kG@GF#@G$ 2 #product subject G+FGFA##AFGG@#$ 2 t to subpart #G#@GFGF+$#  2 GGG?dcdG::::::  --$:( :( : -------2 Comply with the PAI MACT p\FlF<#\#G##FG#TT$#hT\N# 42 rule for the PAI process unit.+GG##G+##GF#TU##G+FAFA@$FF##  --$  ------2  Does PAI \FG@$TT## 2 s process unit G+FAFAA#FG#$ 2 Pprocess, use, G+FAFA@$#FAF$# 2 t or produce F+#G+FGFAF$  2 &HAP?\TTF     -%  - $"|W|W|W|W|W|W --$W||&W&W| ------32 Q/PAI MACT rule does not apply .TT$#hT\N#+GG#FGFA#GF##GFG=# %2 hto the process unit.#G##GF$F+G@G@A#FG$#  2 | No\F  2 jYesSFA  2  No\G  s    -% s -  $         --$ [. [  ------$2 GMIs PAI process unit.#A#TT#$F+G@G@A#GF$ :2 5"either: (1) part of a plant site F#FG+##$+F+$FF+$#F$#F$FGF$#@#F$ 62 *%at which all PAI process units G##\GAF#G#TT#$F+G@G@A#GF$@# *2 were constructed after \F,F#AFG@$+FA#FG#F$#F+$ 32 f11/10/97, or (2) an addition sFG#FG#GF#$F+#+G+#GF#GFG#FG# 02 that was constructed after n#GF$#\FA#AFG@#+G@$FG#F$#F+$ (2 11/10/97 with a PTE ofGF#GF$FF$\#G#F$TNT$F#"Arial !w*wgw -  2 d >oJ"Arial !w*wgw  - '2 d 710 tons/yr of any onefGF#$FG@#=+#G##GF=#GFG 2 HAP or \UT#F,#"Arial !w*wgw -  2 > J"Arial !w*wgw  - 2 25 tons/yr of GF#$FFA#=+#G## 2 I  combined HAP?AFlFFGF#\UTFmmmmmm  --$m$${ m{ m ------12 Comply with existing source \FlG=#\#G#G>@#FG#AFG+@G# 62 ,kstandards in the PAI MACT rule.@#GFGF+G@$G##FG#TT$#hT\N#+GG#  2 YesSFA  2  YesSFAFFFFFF  --$Fh F ------2 |7Is the#A##GF 2 primary product G+lF+=#G+FGFA## 2 `Dof the process G##$FG#F+G@G@A# $2 unit group subject FG#$F+GFF$@GFFA## 2 E to another#G#FGF$FF, 2 p MACT rule?#hT\N#+GGFyyyyyy  --$y>y>y ------32 Comply with either the other e\FlG=#\#G#G#GF+#$FG#F$FF,# .2 "MACT rule or the PAI MACT hT\N$+FF#G+##GF#TU##hT\N$ 42 rule for the PAI process unit.+GG##G+##GF#TU##F+GAFA@#GF##  2 |No\G  2 jNo\G  2 YesRG@  --$bb ------02 Comply with either subpart i\FlG=#\$F#G#GF+$@GFFG+## 32 GLGGG or the PAI MACT rule for ddd#G+##GF#TU##hT\N#+GG##G+# '2 ^the PAI process unit.$FG#TT#$F+G@G@A#FG$#~"Arial !w*wgw -  2  1 H  2 * 2oH  2 3oH  2 3,4I#H  2  3 H j j j j j j  --$j ~$ ~$jj "Arial !w*wgw - ------*2 SDComply with new source \FlF=#\#G#GF\#AFG+@G# 62 gstandards in the PAI MACT rule.@$FFGF+GA#G##GF#TU##hT\N#+GG# Courierfj  -@8J:\AWMA\PAPERS\AWMA-DR-.WMFJ:\AWMA\PAPERS\awma-dr-f1.wmf(23$ ! md  '''''dxd( $ Figure  1  %%%%'dxd  dqqqq'dxdvvvv'dxdP Pdxxxx'dxd dzzzz'dxd dvv' dxd}}}}'dxd&P d d7Hairlinedxd)Hairline d(12$ ! md  W[A << #($$   1  $35;AGMU]c1I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)&0 d d dTable_B ! md  _ mmd{XX     8%XXdd8  A  OverviewofthePesticideActiveIngredient_MACT_  StandardA݌̌ mdmX%X{     XX%       99243!݌ l ЌX%X     )X%XXX%     )  DavidD.Randall)݌   ЌX%XXX%    , mmdX%XXX%    ,  SeniorEnvironmentalEngineer,MidwestResearchInstitute,݌  N Ќ mdmX%XXX%   )X%XXX%     )  _Lalit_ԀBanker)݌   ЌX%XXX%    , mmdX%XXX%    ,  EnvironmentalEngineer,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency, ݌ n  Ќ mdmX%XXX%    XX%       ABSTRACT+݌ 0  ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,  Pursuanttosection112(d)oftheCleanAirActasamendedin1990,theU.S.Environmental d  ProtectionAgencys(EPAs)OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandardsdevelopedNationalEmissionStandardsforHazardousAirPollutants(_NESHAP_)forPesticideActiveIngredient(PAI)Production.Thestandardswillreduceemissionsofnumerousorganiccompounds,HCl,chlorine,andparticulatematterHAPfromexistingandnewfacilitiesthatmanufacturepesticideactiveingredientsthatareusedininsecticides,herbicides,andfungicides.TheEPAproposedstandardsintheFederal F RegisteronNovember10,1997.Followingproposal,EPAreceived27commentletters.TheEPA @ hasconsideredthecommentsandmadechangestotheproposedstandardswheredeterminedtobeappropriate.Promulgationofthestandardsisscheduledforthesecondquarterof1999.Thispapersummarizesthefinal_NESHAP_Ԁrequirementsincludingapplicability;emissionstandardsforprocessvents,storagevessels,equipmentleaks,andwastewater;compliancetestingandmonitoringrequirements;alternativeemissionaveragingandpollutionpreventionprovisions;andreportingandrecordkeepingrequirements.Thispaperalsohighlightssignificantchangessinceproposal.[Note:thispapersummarizestheregulationasitwassubmittedforreviewtotheOfficeofManagementandBudget.Additionalchangesmaybeincorporatedbeforethefinalruleispromulgated.]. [UPDATE: ` NochangesweremadebyOMB,thispaperrepresentsthefinal_rule] _,݌  Z Ќ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     `  INTRODUCTION`݌ ! ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,:  TheEPAproposed_NESHAP_ԀforthePAIsourcecategoryonNovember10,1997,andwillsoon P# promulgatethestandardsforthissourcecategory.Thestandardswillbecodifiedasanewsubpart_MMM_Ԁin40_CFR_Ԁpart63.ThesourcecategoryincludesproductionofallPAIsthatareusedintheproductionofinsecticide,herbicide,andfungicideendusepesticideproducts.Aswithother_NESHAP_Ԁforsourcecategoriesthatconsistoftheproductionofdifferenttypesoforganicchemicals,thePAIproduction_NESHAP_Ԁincludesmanyprovisionsthataresimilartothehazardousorganic_NESHAP_Ԁ(HON).Inaddition,becausemanyPAIprocessesarebatchprocesses,thePAI_NESHAP_alsoincludesprovisionsthatwerefirstdevelopedforthepharmaceuticals_NESHAP_Ԁandthepolymersandresins_NESHAP_.Theprimaryhazardousairpollutants(HAP)emittedbythePAIindustryincludetoluene,methanol,methylchloride,andhydrogenchloride(HCl);however,thefinalruleisnotlimitedto ,j'& controlofthesecompounds.Asof1991,EPAestimatesthatmorethan250companiesandmorethan300facilitieswereproducingPAIs;approximately80facilitieswereestimatedtobemajorsourcesthataresubjecttotherule.ThispaperreviewstheapplicabilityforthePAI_NESHAP_;summarizesthestandards,initialcomplianceprovisions,monitoringrequirements,andtherecordkeepingandreportingrequirements;andhighlightssomeofthechangesmadesinceproposal.,:݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     ,  APPLICABILITY,u݌ Z  ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,  TheaffectedsourcesubjecttothePAIproduction_NESHAP_ԀisallofthePAImanufacturingprocess  . units(PAIprocessunits)thatprocess,use,orproduceHAP,andarelocatedataplantsitethatisamajorsourceforHAPemissions.Alsoincludedintheaffectedsourcearewastemanagementunits,heatexchangesystems,andcoolingtowersthatareassociatedwiththePAIprocessunits.Figure1isaflowchartoftheapplicabilitydeterminationprocedures.,c݌̌ mdmX%XXX%   Tofullyunderstandwhatisincludedintheaffectedsource,severaltermsmustbedefined.Aprocess   unitconsistsoftheprocessingequipment,associatedstoragevessels,andconnectedpipingandrelatedcomponentsthatareassembledtomanufactureanintendedproduct.APAIprocessunitisusedtoproduceamaterialthatisprimarilyusedasaPAIoranymaterialthatisanintegralintermediate.APAIisanymaterialthat:(1)isanactiveingredientwithinthemeaningofFIFRAsection2(a);(2)isusedtoproduceaninsecticide,herbicide,orfungicideendusepesticideproduct;(3)consistsofoneormoreorganiccompounds;and(4)mustbelabeledinaccordancewith40_CFR_Ԁpart156fortransfer,sale,ordistribution(i.e.,asrequiredunderFIFRA).AnintegralintermediateisanyintermediatethatisprimarilyusedintheonsiteproductionofanyPAI(s)andthatisnotstoredbeforebeingusedintheproductionofthePAI(s)(oranotherintegralintermediate).AnintermediateisanyorganiccompoundthatisproducedbychemicalreactionandthatisfurtherprocessedormodifiedinoneormoreadditionalchemicalreactionstepstoproduceanotherintermediateofaPAI.AmaterialisprimarilyusedasaPAIorintegralintermediateifmorethan50percentoftheannualproductionistobeusedfortheintendedpurpose.Asnotedabove,eachprocessunitappliestotheproductionofonlyasingleintendedproduct(orsimultaneousproductionofcoproducts).However,manyfacilitiesusesomeorallofthesameequipmenttoproducedifferentPAIs,orevenothertypesofproducts,atdifferenttimesduringtheyear.Forexample,differentproductsmaybeproducedbysimplyalternatingrawmaterialsorchanginganoperatingcondition,orsomeoftheequipmentmayalsobereconfigured.Thefinalruleallowstheowneroroperatortoidentifysuchgroupsofsharedequipment(called processunitgroups).IftheprimaryproductofthegroupisaPAI,theowneroroperatormustcomplywiththePAIfinalrulewhileproducingaPAI.Typically,iftheprimaryproductofthegroupisnotaPAI,theowneroroperatormaycomplywitheitherthePAIfinalruleortherulethatappliestotheprimaryproductwhileproducingaPAI.Anexceptiontothissituationisthatanowneroroperatormustcomplywiththepharmaceuticalsstandardwhileproducingapharmaceuticalproduct;thus,thefinalruleallowsanowneroroperatortocomplywiththepharmaceuticalsstandardwhileproducingaPAIifanyoftheprocessunitsinthegroupisusedtoproduceapharmaceuticalproduct.Theprimaryproductistheproductthat P+&' isprojectedtobeproducedforthegreatestamountofoperatingtimeoverthe5yearperiodfollowingthecompliancedate._ ThefinalruleappliestobothchemicalsynthesisprocessesandprocesseswhereaPAIisextractedfromacarriermaterial.Extractionstepsarenotconsideredseparateprocessesthatproduceintermediates.Therefore,aseriesofextractionstepstoisolateaPAIfromanaturallyoccurringmaterialisconsideredtobeasinglePAIprocess.NewsourcestandardsapplytoanyaffectedsourceasdescribedaboveforwhichconstructionorreconstructioncommencesafterNovember10,1997.Inaddition,newsourcestandardsapplytoanysinglePAIprocessunitthatisnotpartofaprocessunitgroup,forwhichconstructioncommencesafterNovember10,1997,andthathasthepotentialtoemit10tons/yrofanyoneHAPor25tons/yrofcombinedHAP. XX%     *  STANDARDS*c*݌   ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,*  Emissionpointsfromtheaffectedsourceforwhichstandardsweredevelopedincludeprocessvents, n  storagevessels,wastewatersystems,equipmentleaks,andheatexchangesystems.Withintheprocessventscategory,standardsweredevelopedfororganicHAPandtheconbinationofHClandchlorine(HCl/Cl2).Inaddition,particulatematterstandardsweredevelopedforbagdumpsandproductdryers  \ iftheparticulateemissionsarealsoHAPcompounds.Standardsforstoragevessels,wastewatersystems,equipmentleaks,andheatexchangesystemsarefororganicHAPcompounds.Thefinalrulealsoincludesemissionsaveragingprovisionsandanalternativepollutionpreventionstandard.Table1summarizesthestandardsforprocessvents,andTable2summarizesthestandardsforalloftheotheremissionpoints.,*M+݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     //  ProcessVents//x/݌  ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    , 0  Exceptforcertainsituations,thefinalrulerequiresexistingsourcestoreducetotalorganicHAP 4 emissionsby90percentfromthesumofallprocessventswithinaprocessiftheuncontrolledorganicHAPemissionsfromtheprocessexceed0.15Mg/yr.Similarly,HCl/Cl2emissionsmustbereducedby (x 94percentfromthesumofallprocessventswithintheprocessiftheuncontrolledHCl/Cl2emissions " r fromtheprocessexceed6.8Mg/yr.Particulatematteremissionsfrombagdumpsandproductdryersmustnotexceedaconcentrationof0.01gr/dscfifthebagdumpisusedtointroduceasolidmaterialthatisalsoaHAP,oriftheproductdryerisusedtodryasolidmaterialthatisalsoaHAP., 0f0݌̌ mdmX%XXX%   Oneexceptiontothe90percentreductionrequirementfororganicHAPemissionsisthatcertain $"  individualvents(ormanifoldedvents)withuncontrolledorganicHAPemissionsthatexceed22.7Mg/yrandhaverelativelylowflowratesmustreduceorganicHAPemissionsby98percent.Theflowratecutoffisdeterminedonacasebycasebasisusinganequationintherule.However,iftheemissionscontrolforsuchaventexceeds90percentonorbeforeNovember10,1997,thefinalrulerequiresonlythattheventcontinuetobecontrolledtothissamelevel.Alternativestothe90percentreductionrequirementarethatindividualvents(orallventswithinaprocess)maybecontrolledtooutletconcentrationslessthanorequalto20ppmvasTOC,byaflarethatmeetstherequirementsofthe +&& GeneralProvisions,orbyboilersorprocessheaterswithcertaindesignoroperationcharacteristics.However,thecollectiveorganicHAPemissionsfromanyventswithinaprocessthatarenotcontrolledto98percentorbyoneofthealternativesmuststillbecontrolledby90percent.Similarly,analternativetothe94percentreductionforHCl/Cl2emissionsistocontroltheemissionstooutlet  concentrationslessthanorequalto20ppmv.ThestandardsfornewsourcesaresimilartothoseforexistingsourcesexceptthatorganicHAPemissionsmustbereducedby98percentfromthesumofallprocessventswithinaprocess,andHCl/Cl2emissionsmustbereducedby99percentiftheuncontrolledemissionsexceed191Mg/yrand  : by94percentiftheuncontrolledemissionsarebetween6.8and191Mg/yr. XX%     :  StorageVessels::݌ B  ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,|;  Thestandardsforstoragevesselsrequirecontrolofstoragevesselsthatexceedapplicabilitycutoffs   basedonthecapacityofthevesselsandthemaximumtruevaporpressureofthematerialstoredinthetank.Forbothnewandexistingsources,controlisrequiredforstoragevesselswithacapacityofgreaterthanorequalto75m3storingamaterialwithamaximumtruevaporpressuregreaterthanor   equalto3.45kPa.Controlisalsorequiredforstoragevesselsatnewsourceswithacapacitybetween38m3and75m3ifthemaximumtruevaporpressureofthestoredmaterialisgreaterthanorequalto  16.5kPa.Controlrequirementsconsistofeitherafloatingrooforaclosedventsystemroutingemissionstoacontroldevicethat:(1)reducesorganicHAPemissionsbyatleast95percent,(2)reducesemissionstooutletconcentrationsof20ppmvorlessasTOC,(3)isaflarethatmeetstherequirementsintheGeneralProvisions,or(4)isaboilerorprocessheaterthatmeetscertaindesignoroperationcharacteristics.Thefinalrulealsospecifiesthatanowneroroperatorisexemptfromthestandardsduringperiodsofroutinemaintenanceofthecontroldeviceupto240hr/yr.,|;;݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     `A  WastewaterSystems`AA݌ F ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,@B  Generally,thestandardsforwastewatersystemsarethesameasthoseintheHON(subpartG).For  example,thestandardsapplyonlytothe76HAPlistedinTable9ofSubpartG,control/treatmentisrequiredforprocesswastewaterstreamsthatexceedthesameflowrateandconcentrationapplicabilitycutoffsasintheHON,andthecontrol/treatmentoptionsarethesameasintheHON.Theprimarydifferenceisthatthefinalrulealsorequiresthesamecontrol/treatmentofmaintenancewastewaterstreamsthatcontainatleast5.3MgofHAPperdischargeevent.Inaddition,anewsourceislimitedtoonlytwotreatmentoptionsifthetotalloadof Table9compoundsinthesumofallprocesswastewaterfromPAIprocessunitsthatarepartofthenewaffectedsourceexceeds2,100Mg/yr.Theseoptionsaretreatmentinanyunitthatreducesthemassflowrateofall Table9compoundsby99percentormore,ortreatmentinaunitthatispermittedunderRCRA.,@BB݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     G  EquipmentLeaksGXG݌ V(## ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,G  Thestandardsforequipmentleaksarecomparabletotheprovisionsintheproposedconsolidatedair )*%$ rule(CAR)(63FR57748).TheprovisionsintheCARaresimilartotheleakdetectionandrepairprovisions(LDAR)insubpartHoftheHON,exceptthattheCARextendscertainmonitoringintervals +'& andreducesrecordkeepingrequirementsoncomponentsthatarenotfoundtobeleaking.ThefinalrulediffersfromtheCARinthatitextendsthemonitoringintervalsforpumpsandagitatorsfrommonthlytoquarterly,anditdoesnotincludethequalityimprovementprogramprovisionsforpumpsorvalves.Thefinalrulealsoallowsthealternativemeansofemissionlimitationbypressuretestingtoapplytoallprocesses,notjustbatchprocesses.,GHH݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     K  HeatExchangeSystemsK+L݌ Z  ЌX%X     ThefinalrulecrossreferencestheheatexchangeprovisionsinsubpartFoftheHON.Typically,the  . owneroroperatorisrequiredtomonitoreachheatexchangesystemthatisusedtocoolprocessequipmentinaPAIprocessunit.TheowneroroperatormaymonitorforoneormoreorganicHAPorotherrepresentativesubstancesthatwouldindicatethepresenceofaleak,ortheowneroroperatormaymonitorforasurrogateindicatorofleakssuchasconductivity.Wheneveraleakisdetected,itmustberepairedassoonaspractical. XX%     N  EmissionsAveragingN=O݌ n  ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,O  Thefinalruleincludesemissionsaveragingprovisionsthatareessentiallyidenticaltotheemissions  averagingprovisionsintheHON.Exceptasnotedbelow,theemissionsaveragingprovisionsmaybeusedtocomplywiththestandardsforprocessvents,storagevessels,andwastewatersystems.Theowneroroperatormustcalculatedebitsandcreditsforactualcontrollevelsrelativetotherequiredpercentreductions.Credits,afterdiscountingby10percent,mustoffsetthedebits.,O1P݌̌ mdmX%XXX%   , mmdX%XXX%    ,R  Severaltypesofemissionpointsmaynotbeusedinemissionsaveraging.Forexample,creditsarenot L allowedforcontrolsinstalledonorbeforeNovember15,1990,orforemissionpointscontrolledtocomplywithaStateruleorotherFederalrules.Inaddition,emissionpointscontrolledtoanoutletconcentration(e.g.,20ppmv)maynotbeusedinemissionsaveraging.Finally,emissionpointscontrolledwithspecifictypesofequipment(e.g.,floatingroofsonstoragevessels,aflareforprocessvents,orthedesignsteamstripperforwastewater)maynotbeusedinemissionsaveragingunlessanominalefficiencyisassignedtothecontroldeviceaccordingtoproceduresintheHON.,RS݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     aV  PollutionPreventionAlternativeStandardaVV݌  : ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,XW  Asanalternativetoalloftheconventionalstandardsdescribedabove,thefinalruleincludesapollution n" preventionalternativestandardthatwasfirstusedinthepharmaceuticalsNESHAP.ThepollutionpreventionalternativeconsistsoftwooptionsthatarebothbasedondemonstratingareductionintheconsumptionofHAP(e.g.,rawmaterialsorsolvent)perunitofoutput(i.e.,productionindexedconsumptionrates).ConsumptionisdefinedasthemakeupquantityofHAPenteringaprocessthatisnotusedasreactant.Thequantityofmaterialusedasreactantisthetheoreticalamountneededassuming100percentstoichiometricconversion,andmakeupisthenetamountofmaterialthatmustbeaddedtotheprocesstoreplenishlosses.ThepollutionpreventionalternativemaybeusedifHAPare generatedintheprocess,butgeneratedHAPthatdiffersfromconsumedHAPmustbecontrolledinthe >*%% conventionalways.Forexample,thepollutionpreventionalternativecannotbeusedasanalternativetothestandardsforparticulatematteremissionsfromproductdryers.,XWW݌ mdmX%XXX%   Underthefirstoption,anowneroroperatormustreducetheHAPconsumptionrateby85percent l relativetoa3yearaveragebaselineestablishednoearlierthanthe1987through1989calendaryears.Underthesecondoption,theowneroroperatormaycombinereductionsinconsumptionwithemissionsreduction.TheHAPconsumptionmustbereducedbyatleast50percentrelativetothebaseline,andemissionsmustbereducedbyanamountthatwhenaddedtothereductioninconsumptionwouldbeequivalenttoan85percentreductioninconsumption.Thisoptionalsorequirestheowneroroperatortodemonstratethattheemissionreductionsareindependentoftheconsumptionreductions(i.e.,theemissionseithermustbedestroyedorcollectedforuseinsuchawaythattheyarenotalsocountedasreductionsinconsumption).Inaddition,underbothoptions,anowneroroperatormaysubstituteVOCfortheHAPonlyiftheHAPisalsoaVOC,andthemassofsubstitutedVOCislessthanorequaltothemassofHAPreduced. XX%     `  COMPLIANCEPROVISIONS`a݌   ЌX%X      XX%     a  ProcessVentsaa݌ b ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,b  Typically,thefinalrulerequirestheowneroroperatortodetermineuncontrolledemissionsperbatch  fromeachunitoperationwithinaprocess(ortheemissionsperhourforcontinuousprocesses)aspartofallinitialcompliancedemonstrationsforprocessvents.Additionalrequirementsvarydependingontheuncontrolledemissionsrate,thetypeofcontroldevice,andtheformatofthestandardwithwhichtheowneroroperatorcomplies.Forexample,todemonstrateinitialcompliancewiththeuncontrolledannualemissionscutoffsof0.15Mg/yroforganicHAPand6.8Mg/yrofHCl/Cl2,theowneror x operatormustsumtheemissionsfromeachunitoperationandmultiplybytheprojectednumberofbatchesperyear(oroperatinghoursperyearforcontinuousprocesses).TocomplywiththepercentreductionstandardsfororganicHAPandHCl/Cl2,theowneroroperatormustdeterminetheefficiency f ofthecontroldevice(s),calculatethecontrolledemissions,anddeterminetheoverallpercentagereductionfortheprocess.Tocomplywiththeoutletconcentrationlimits,theowneroroperatormustconductaninitialtestusingtheapplicabletestmethod(s).Ifaflareisusedtocontrolemissions,theowneroroperatormustdemonstratethattheflaresatisfiestheprovisionsinsection63.11(b)oftheGeneralProvisionsfor40CFRpart63.Tocomplywiththeoutletparticulatematterconcentrationlimitsforbagdumpsandproductdryers,theowneroroperatormustconductaperformancetestusingMethod5.Severaloftheserequirementsaredescribedinmoredetailbelow,andaregraphicallypresentedinFigure2.,bb݌̌ mdmX%XXX%   5X%XXX%     5j  DeterminingUncontrolledEmissions5jdj݌ &H"" ЌX%XXX%     Thefinalruleprovidesprocedures(i.e.,equations)tocalculateuncontrolledemissionsfromseventypes V(## ofbatchemissionepisodes.Theseemissionepisodesarefillingavessel,purging,heating,depressurization,vacuumsystems,gasevolution,andairdrying.Theequationsassumetheidealgaslawisapplicable,andtheyrequiretheowneroroperatortofirstestimatetheHAPpartialpressure D+&& usingRaoultslaw,Henryslaw,orotherapplicablemethods.Ifemissionsareduetoemissionepisodesotherthanoneoftheseventypesdescribedabove,theowneroroperatormustconductanengineeringassessmenttoestimatetheemissions.Theengineeringassessmentmaybebasedontestdata;benchscaleorpilotscaletestdata;alimitingparametersuchasmaximumflowratethatisspecifiedorimpliedinapermit;oradesignanalysisbasedonacceptedchemicalengineeringprinciples,measurableprocessparameters,orphysicalorchemicallawsorproperties.Inaddition,foranyoftheseventypesofemissionepisodesdescribedabove,theowneroroperatormayrequestapprovaltodetermineuncontrolledHAPemissionsbasedonanengineeringassessment.Onesituationwheretherequestwouldbeapprovedisiftestdatashowagreaterthan20percentdiscrepancybetweenthetestvalueandtheestimatedvalue.5X%XXX%     5np  ComplyingWithThePercentReductionRequirements5npp݌ (  ЌX%XXX%     Controlefficienciesandcontrolledemissionsareestimatedinavarietyofways,dependingonthetype 6  ofcontrolortheamountofuncontrolledemissionssenttothecontroldevice.Ifthecontroldeviceisacondenser,thefinalrulespecifiesthatthecontrolledemissionsbecalculatedusingequationssimilartothosediscussedaboveforcalculatinguncontrolledemissions,exceptthatthepartialpressuresandtemperaturesarebasedonthecondenserconditions.IftheinletHAPloadtoacontroldeviceotherthanacondenserexceeds9.1Mg/yr,thefinalrulerequiresthattheefficiencyofthecontroldevicebedeterminedbyconductingaperformancetest.Ataminimum,theperformancetestmustbeconductedunderthemostchallengingconditionsthatthecontroldevicewillhandle(whenbeingusedtocomplywiththisstandard);theowneroroperatormayelecttoconductadditionalperformancetestsunderotherconditionsforthepurposeofestablishingmultiplemonitoringparameterlevels.Themostchallengingconditionsmaybebasedonemissionsfromactualoperation,ortheymaybebasedonsimulatedconditions.Anemissionsprofilemustbedevelopedtodocumentthemostchallengingconditions.Iftheowneroroperatorelectstotestunderactualconditions,theemissionprofilemustconsiderallemissionepisodesthatcouldventtothecontroldeviceaswellasexpectedvariationsinproductionscheduling.IfthemostchallengingconditionsoccurunderthemaximumHAPload,thetestmustbeconductedovereither(1)theperiodinwhichtheinlettothecontroldevicewillcontainatleast50percentofthemaximumHAPloadthatmaybeventedtothecontroldeviceoverany8hourperiodor(2)the1-hourperiodinwhichtheinlettothecontroldevicewillcontainthehighesthourlyHAPloading.Alternatively,ifthemostchallengingconditionsbasedonactualoperationoccurunderconditionsotherthenthemaximumHAPload,theowneroroperatormustdetermineandtestoverthe1-hourperiodthatincludesthoseconditions.ExamplesofsuchconditionsincludeperiodswhentheemissionstreamcontainsthemaximumcombinedVOCandHAPload,containsHAPconstituentsthatapproachthelimitsofsolubilityforscrubbingmedia,orthatcontainHAPconstituentsthatapproachthelimitsofadsorptivityforcarbonadsorptionsystems.Iftheowneroroperatorelectstosimulatethemostchallengingconditionsfortesting,oneapproachistoconsiderequipmentdesignfeaturesthatlimitthemaximumhourlyemissionsthatcanberoutedtothecontroldevice.Forexample,afanmaylimittheflowrate,andLELsettingsmaylimittheconcentration +'& beforeopeningasafetybypass.Anotherapproachistoevaluatealloftheindividualemissionepisodesthatventtothecontroldeviceandsimulateconditionsthatwouldresultinemissionsthatexceedtheemissionsthatwouldbeexpectedunderactualoperation.Forexample,theemissionepisodewiththehighestemissionratecouldbesimulatedfortheentiretestperiod.Thesimulationalsocouldbebasedontheuseofacompoundmorevolatilethancompoundsactuallyusedintheprocess.IftheinletHAPloadtoacontroldeviceotherthanacondenserislessthan9.1Mg/yr,thefinalrulerequirestheowneroroperatortodemonstratetheefficiencyofthecontroldevicebasedoneitheraperformancetestasdescribedabovefor largecontroldevicesoradesignevaluation.AdesignevaluationmustaddressthecompositionandHAPconcentrationoftheventstreamenteringthecontroldevice.Italsomustaddressothercriticalventstreamcharacteristicsandcontroldeviceoperatingparameters,whichvarydependingonthetypeofcontroldevicethatisused.Justasforlargecontroldevices,theperformancetestordesignevaluationmustdemonstratethecontrolefficiencyunderactualorsimulatedconditionsthatmeetorexceedthemostchallengingconditionsthatthecontroldevicewillencounterwhenbeingusedtocomplywiththisstandard.5X%XXX%     5  ComplianceWithOutletConcentrationLimits5с݌ $t ЌX%XXX%     Theproceduretodemonstrateinitialcompliancewiththeoutletconcentrationlimitsinsteadofthe  percentreductionrequirementsvariesdependingonwhethertheowneroroperatorwilldemonstrateongoingcompliancebymonitoringemissionsconcentrationusingCEMSorbymonitoringequipmentoperatingparameters.Iftheowneroroperatorintendstomonitortheoutletconcentrationusingacontinuousemissionmonitor,initialcomplianceconsistsofdemonstratingcompliancewiththesecontinuousmonitoringprovisionsontheinitialcompliancedate;theowneroroperatormayalsoneedtouseMethod18todeterminethepredominantorganicHAPifaTOCmonitoristobecalibratedonthepredominantHAP.Iftheowneroroperatorintendstomonitorcontroldeviceoperatingparameters,initialcomplianceisdemonstratedbyconductingperformancetestsusingapplicabletestmethodssuchasMethod18,Method25A,and/orMethod26.Thesecompliancetestsmustbeconductedunderthemostchallengingconditionsforthecontroldevice,determinedinthesamemannerasdescribedabovefordemonstratingcompliancewiththepercentreductionrequirements.5X%XXX%     5   ComplianceUsingAFlare5 l݌   ЌX%XXX%     Whenaflareisusedtocomplywiththestandards,theinitialcompliancedeterminationconsistsofa !L visibleemissionsdeterminationusingMethod22of40CFRpart60,appendixA,anddeterminationsofboththenetheatingvalueofthegasbeingcombustedandtheexitvelocityinaccordancewiththerequirementsinsections63.11(b)(6)through(8)of40CFRpart63.Thenetheatingvalueandexitvelocityaretobedeterminedunderthemostchallengingconditions. XX%       StorageVessels@݌ B'"! ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,Ԋ  Thecomplianceproceduresvarydependingonwhethertheowneroroperatoriscomplyingwiththe ($" equipmentstandard(floatingroof),thepercentreductionrequirement,anoutletconcentrationlimit,orbyusingaflare.Ifastoragevesselisequippedwithafloatingroof,itmustbedesignedandoperatedasspecifiedinsections63.119(b),(c),or(d)ofsubpartGoftheHON,andinitialcompliancewith +'% theserequirementsisdemonstratedbyfollowingtheinitialinspectionandrepairrequirementsinsections63.120(a),(b),or(c)ofsubpartG.,Ԋ0݌̌ mdmX%XXX%   Ifemissionsfromastoragevesselarecontrolledusingaclosedventsystemandacontroldevice,the l owneroroperatordemonstratesinitialcompliancewiththepercentreductionrequirementeitherbyconductingaperformancetestorpreparingadesignevaluation.Theefficiencyofthecontroldevicemustbedemonstratedatthereasonablyexpectedmaximumfillingrate.Aperformancetestattheseconditionsisnotrequiredifaperformancetestwasconductedonthesamecontroldevicetodemonstratecompliancewiththeprocessventstandards;thesameefficiencymaybeusedinthecompliancedemonstrationforthestoragevessel.Ifemissionsfromastoragevesselarecontrolledusingaclosedventsystemandacontroldevice,theowneroroperatordemonstratesinitialcompliancewiththeoutletconcentrationlimitsfollowingthesameproceduresdescribedaboveforprocessventsthatarecontrolledtooutletconcentrationlimits.Similarly,ifthecontroldeviceisaflare,theowneroroperatordemonstratesinitialcompliancefollowingtheproceduresdescribedaboveforprocessventsthatarecontrolledusingaflare. XX%       WastewaterSystemsՒ݌ < ЌX%X     , mmdX%XXX%    ,l  Initialcompliancewiththewastewaterstandardsisdemonstratedbycomplyingwiththeapplicable p provisionsinsection63.145ofsubpartGoftheHON,exceptthattheowneroroperatorneednotcomplywiththerequirementtodeterminevisibleemissionsthatisspecifiedinsection63.145(j)(1),andreferencesto Table8compoundsarenotapplicableforthisstandard.,lȓ݌̌ mdmX%XXX%    XX%     ڕ  MONITORINGANDINSPECTIONSڕ#݌  p ЌX%X     Todemonstrateongoingcompliancewiththestandards,thefinalrulerequiresvarioustypesof  monitoringandinspections,dependingonthetechniqueusedtoreduceemissions. XX%       AddonControlDevicesforOrganicHAPandHCl/Cl2Emissionsї݌ L ЌX%X     IftheinletstreamtothecontroldevicecontainstotalHAPemissionsofatleast0.91Mg/yr,theowner  oroperatorisrequiredtoconductcontinuousmonitoring(i.e.,readingsatleastonceevery15minutes)whilethecontroldeviceisbeingusedtocomplywiththestandards.Theparameter(s)tomonitorarespecifiedintheruleforcommontypesofcontroldevices,althoughtheowneroroperatormayrequestapprovaltomonitorotherparameters.Similarly,theowneroroperatormustproposeparameterstomonitorforothertypesofcontroldevices.Thelevelstowhichthereadingsarecomparedareestablishedduringtheinitialcompliancedemonstrations.Differentmonitoringlevelsmaybeestablishedfordifferentperiodsduringtheprocess.Ifaperformancetestisrequiredtodemonstrateinitialcomplianceatthemostchallengingconditionsfacedbythecontroldevice,onemonitoringlevelwouldbesetattheseconditions.Additionallevelsmaybeestablishedbysupplementingtheperformancetestresultswithengineeringassessmentsandmanufacturersrecommendations;additionalperformancetestingisnotrequiredtosettheselevels.However,theowneroroperatormustproviderationaleforthespecificlevelandwhyitindicates +&% properoperationofthecontroldevice,anddeterminationoflevelsusingtheseproceduresaresubjecttoreviewandapprovalbytheAdministrator.Whenmultiplelevelsaremonitored,theowneroroperatormustdocumentthebeginningandendpointsinthedailyscheduleduringwhichthenewlevelisineffect.Inaddition,atleastonereadingmustbetakenateachnewlevel,evenifthedurationislessthan15minutes.Theindividualreadingsmustbeaveragedovereitheranoperatingdayoranoperatingblock.Theoperatingdaymaybeanycontinuous24hourperiod,andtheoperatingblock,whichisonlyapplicableforbatchprocesses,maybeanyperiodoftimethatis,atamaximum,equaltothelengthoftimefromthebeginningtoendofabatchprocess.Readingstakenduringperiodsofnoflowtothecontroldevicearetobeexcludedfromtheaverages.Exceedancesoccurifanaveragedvalueisoutsideoftheestablishedlimit,oranoperatingrequirement(likethepresenceofpilotflamesforaflare)isnotmet.Excursionsoccurifinsufficientdataarecollectedduring25percentormoreoftheoperatinghoursduringtheoperatingdayoroperatingblock.Mostexceedancesandexcursionsareviolationsofanoperatinglimit.Exceedancesorexcursionsofacondensertemperaturelimitorofanoutletconcentrationlimit,however,areviolationsoftheemissionstandard.IftheinletstreamtothecontroldevicecontainstotalHAPemissionslessthan0.91Mg/yr,theowneroroperatormustconductperiodicverificationthatthedeviceisoperatingproperly.Thisverificationmustinclude,butnotbelimitedto,adailydemonstrationthattheunitisworkingasdesigned.Theowneroroperatormustproposeademonstrationprocedureforapprovalbytheimplementingagency.Oneoptionistotakedailyreadingsofthesameparametersthatmustbemonitoredcontinuouslyforthelargercontroldevices.  XX%FabricFilters #X%X E#Ԁ   Forfabricfiltersusedtocontrolproductdryersandbagdumpsthataresubjecttothestandards,theowneroroperatormustinstall,calibrate,maintain,andcontinuouslyoperateabagleakdetectionsystem.Thesystemmustbeequippedwithanalarm.Ifthealarmistriggered,theowneroroperatormustrecordthetimeofthealarm,initiateprocedurestoidentifythecauseofthealarm,andtakecorrectiveaction.Thepossiblecorrectiveactionsaretobespecifiedinacorrectiveactionplan. XX%       EmissionLimitsforProcessVents݌ " ЌX%X     Asnotedabove,theowneroroperatormustcalculatetheuncontrolledemissionsfromeachunit  $Z operationwithinaprocessandsumtheemissionsperbatchaspartoftheinitialcomplianceprocedures.Toshowongoingcompliance,theowneroroperatoralsomustmaintainrecordsofthenumberofbatchesproducedandcalculatedailya365dayrollingsummationofuncontrolledemissions.Eachdaythatthesummationforaprocessexceeds0.15Mg/yrfororganicHAPemissionsor6.8Mg/yrforHCl/Cl2emissionsisconsideredaviolationoftheemissionlimit. (<$"   XX%       FloatingRoofsforStorageVesselsF݌ J*%# ЌX%X     Toshowongoingcompliancewiththerequirementsforfloatingroofsinsections63.119(b),(c),or(d)   ofsubpartGoftheHON,theowneroroperatormustcomplywiththeapplicableperiodicinspectionandrepairrequirementsinsections63.120(a),(b),or(c)ofsubpartG. XX%         PollutionPreventiong݌ R ЌX%X     Toshowongoingcompliancewiththepollutionpreventionalternativestandard,theowneroroperator   mustcalculateannualrollingaveragesoftheproductionindexedHAPandVOCconsumptionrates.Forcontinuousprocesses,theratesmustbecalculatedevery30days.Forbatchprocesses,theratesmustbecalculatedevery10batches(ormorefrequentlyiflessthan10batchesareproducedina12monthperiod).Eachrollingaveragethatexceedsthetargetvalueisconsideredaviolationoftheemissionlimit. XX%     %  RECORDKEEPINGANDREPORTING%n݌   ЌX%X     Forthemostpart,recordkeepingandreportingrequirementsareconsistentwiththerequirementsinthe J  GeneralProvisionsofsubpartAof40CFRpart63andwiththerequirementsinvariousrecentNESHAP.PerhapsthemostsignificantdifferenceisthefinalrulerequirestheowneroroperatortosubmitaPrecompliancePlanundercertainsituations.ThePrecompliancePlanmustbesubmittedatleast6monthsbeforethecompliancedate.InformationthatmustbeincludedinthePrecompliancePlanincludes:(1)dataandrationaleusedtosupportanengineeringassessment,(2)descriptionsoftheperiodicverificationprocedurestodemonstratethatsmallcontroldevicesareworkingasdesigned,(3)thepollutionpreventiondemonstrationsummary,(4)descriptionsofthetestconditionsandanalysestodevelopmonitoringparameterlevelsforconditionsotherthanthemostchallengingconditions,and(5)thecorrectiveactionplanforfabricfilters.TheowneroroperatorcouldalsousethePrecompliancePlantorequestapprovaltousealternativemonitoringparameters.Inadditiontothetypicalrecords,thefinalrulealsorequirestheowneroroperatortokeeprecordsthatdescribethemostchallengingconditionsforcontroldevicesandhowtheyweredeveloped. XX%     %  CHANGESSINCEPROPOSAL%n݌ ` ЌX%X     Inresponsetothepubliccommentsaswellasadditionalinternalevaluation,EPAmadeanumberof 4 changesthroughouttheregulationbetweenproposalandpromulgation.ThechangesclarifyEPAsintent,addressinconsistencies,andreflecttheuseofnewinformationinsomeanalyses.Themostsubstantivechangesweremadetotheapplicability,storagevesselstandards,pollutionpreventionstandards,andthetestingprovisionstodemonstrateinitialcompliancewiththeprocessventstandards.Someofthesechangesaresummarizedbelow. XX%     @  Applicability@݌ $&t! ЌX%X     ThescopeofthesourcecategorywasnarrowedtoincludeonlytheproductionoforganicPAIs; '"  productionofinorganiccompoundswasexcluded.Inaddition,thefinalrulespecifiesthattheprimaryuseofacompoundmustbeasaPAI,andtheprocessmustprocess,use,orproduceHAP.Theuseofprocessunitgroupsfordeterminingapplicabilitywhenthesameequipmentisusedtoproducemorethanoneproductisalsoanewapproachincludedinthefinalrule.Theproposedrulestatedthatthe +&$ provisionsoftherulewouldapplyduringstartupandshutdownofbatchprocesses.Forthefinalrulethisprovisionwasrevisedtoapplyonlytoroutinestartupsandshutdownbetweenbatches;thestartup,shutdown,andmalfunctionrequirementsintheGeneralProvisionsapplyduringinitialstartupandstartupafterextendeddowntime.Finally,theproposedrulespecifiedthat additionstoanexistingplantthatmeetcertaincriteriawouldbesubjecttothenewsourcestandards.Thefinalruleclarifiesthatthenewsourcestandardsapplytoanentireaffectedsourceortoanyindividualprocessunitthatmeetscertaincriteria.   XX%     ˾  Standards˾݌  : ЌX%X     Forstoragevessels,theapplicabilitycutofffortheMACTfloorwaschangedfromanannualemission n  rateformattoavaporpressureformat.Thischangemakestheformatmoreconsistentwithstoragevesselstandardsinotherregulations.Asaresultofthischangeinapproachaswellassomecorrectionsinthedatabaseofstoragevessels,sizecutoffsandcontrollevelsforthestandardalsochangedasdescribedabove.Thewastewaterstandardswerechangedtoexcludemaintenancewastewaterstreamswithlowemissionspotential.TheprocessventstandardsforHCl/Cl2atnewsourceswas P  reducedfrom99.9to99percent,andanHCl/Cl2standardbasedonanoutletconcentrationlimitof20 J ppmvwasaddedforbothnewandexistingsources.EquipmentleakstandardswererevisedtobeconsistentwiththeproposedCARinsteadofsubpartHoftheHON.Finally,anoutletconcentrationlimitstandardforwhichmonitoringmustbeconductedusingcontinuousemissionsmonitorswasaddedforprocessventsandstoragevessels.Asnotedabove,exceedancesunderthisstandardresultinonlyasingleviolationforagivencontroldevice,whereasanexceedanceundertheregularstandardsresultsinseparateviolationsforeachprocessunitthatisconnectedtothecontroldevice. XX%       PollutionPrevention9݌  ЌX%X     Todemonstratecompliancewiththepollutionpreventionstandard,EPAincludedadditionalreporting X requirementsinthefinalrule.Specifically,thefinalrulerequiressourcestosubmitaDemonstrationSummaryintheprecomplianceplanthatdescribeshowthepollutionpreventionalternativewillbeappliedatthefacility,andwhattrackingmechanisms(e.g.,tomeasureandrecordHAPconsumptionandproduction)willbeusedtodemonstratecompliance.Theproposedrulewouldhavelimitedpollutionpreventioncreditsunderthesecondoptiondescribedabovetoonly50percent;thefinalruleallowscreditfortheactualpollutionpreventionreductionbetween50and85percent.Inaddition,aprovisionwasaddedtothefinalruletopreventthesubstitutionofVOCsolventsfornonVOCHAPsolvents.ThefinalrulealsowasrevisedtoallowgeneratedHAPtobeincludedinthepollutionpreventionanalysis,providedthegeneratedHAPisidenticaltoHAPthatareaddedtotheprocess. XX%       TestingforInitialComplianceDemonstrations݌ 0&!  ЌX%X     Anumberofchangesweremadetothetestingprovisionstoclarifyintentandtoimproveflexibility. '#! Theoptiontotestunder representativeconditionsasthattermwasappliedtothemostchallengingconditionswasdeletedfromthefinalrule.Theoptiontodemonstratecomplianceforcondensersbasedontestresultswaseliminatedinfavorofanalysestodeterminethetemperatureneededtoachievetherequiredreductionandthenmonitoringtomaintainthetemperaturebelowthatlevel.Thedefinitionof +&% themostchallengingconditionswasexpandedtoincludeconditionsotherthanthemaximumHAPload.Theproceduresfordevelopinganemissionsprofilewereexpandedtoincludeequipmentlimitationsasanalternativetoactualemissions.    e Table1. Processventstandards.a  *'ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,9dd ,rdd ,dd ,dd , dd +   ^ } XX%Typeof r source ';" 'Emissionpoint(s) 'r" 'Applicabilitycutoff 'r" 'Typeofemissiontocontrol 'T" 'Controloptions r " Existing  a   Individualprocessventemissionpoints(singleventormanifoldedvent)    Useapplicabilitycutoffequationintherule   C organicHAP  * z 1.Reduceby98%,or2.Reduceto20ppmvTOC,or   3.Useanyofthecontroldevicesinfootnoteb,or4.Reduceby90%ifcontrolis90%    onNov.10,1997.  z  Existing  '  Thecombinationofprocessventsinaprocess,excludingthosesubjecttoaboverequirements  K TotaluncontrolledorganicHAPemissionsfromallprocessventswithintheprocessexceed0.15Mg/yr;and  % organicHAP   ' 1.Reduceby90%overall,or2.Emissionsfromindividualventsmaybereducedto20ppmvasTOC  * orcontrolledusinganyofthecontroldevicesinfootnoteb;anyremainingventswithinaprocessmustbereducedby90%overall.  A.  'N/ ' $N0 $TotaluncontrolledHCl/Cl2emissions g2 fromallprocessventswithintheprocessexceed6.8Mg/yr  r5 HCl/Cl2  N6 1.Reduceby94%overall,or2.Reduceto20ppmvasHCl/Cl2  {8 New  9 Thecombinationofprocessventsinaprocess(norequirementsforcertainindividualventsasforexistingsources)   ? UncontrolledorganicHAPemissionsfromallprocessventswithintheprocessexceed0.15Mg/yr;and   E organicHAP  G 1.Reduceby98%overall,or2.Reduceto20ppmvasTOC,or LI 3.Useanyofthecontroldevicesinfootnoteb.  BK  ' iL ' $ iM $EithertotaluncontrolledHCl/Cl2  2O emissionsfromallprocessventswithintheprocessare>6.8Mg/yrand<141Mg/yr;or  $ T HCl/Cl2   iU 1.Reduceby94%overall,or2.Reduceto20ppmvasHCl/Cl2.  F!W  ',&|!X ' $,&|!Y $TotaluncontrolledHCl/Cl2emissions &E"[ fromallprocessventswithintheprocessare (#] 191Mg/yr  P)$^ HCl/Cl2  ,&|!_ 1.Reduceby99%overall,or2.Reduceto20ppmvasHCl/Cl2. Y'"a   &% }aProcessventscontrolledwithaRCRApermittedunitareexemptfromtheprovisionsoftherule. I*%a bIndividualventscontrolledwithaflare,processheater,orboilermeetingcertainconditionsare   consideredtobein_ compliance. Table2 .Standardsforallemissionpointsexceptprocessvents & *dd9dd 9rdd rdd dd  dd '(#(#,Yl< ,S L< , Ll +  -qq (x 0-} %&Emissionsource ;q',!X"qq ;Applicability ?q'q,!X"q' ?Requirement O'q@,X" 00  q'q 0OStoragevessels ;'',! 'q ;Existing:75_ m3_ capacityandvaporpressure   3.45_ kPa_  ?''q,!J  '' ?Installafloatingroof,reduceHAPby95%pervessel,orcontroltooutletconcentrationof J   20_ ppmv_ Ԁ_ TOC_  RqC, c  00  ''q 0R >'/!<  q >New:(a)38_ m3_ capacityandvaporpressure <  16.5_ kPa_ Ԁand(b)75_ m3_ capacityandvapor  U pressure3.45_ kPa_  B'q/!  ' BSameasforexistingsources S'qD,<  00  'q ?0S_ Wastewatera_  L''=2G 0KK'q LExisting:Processwastewaterwith(a)10,000_ ppmw_ ԀTable9compoundsatany   _ flowrate_ Ԁor(b)1,000_ ppmw_ ԀTable9   compoundsat10L/min.Maintenance R  wastewaterwithHAPload5.3Mgper k  dischargeevent ?''q,!4'' ?ReduceconcentrationoftotalTable9compoundsto<50_ ppmw_ Ԁ(orotheroptions) S'qD,  00 ? ''q 0S 5''&-'q 5New: ?''q,! ]'' ? N'q?, ] 00  ''q 0N 8')V'q 80 Samecriteriaasforexistingsources L'q9+6  ' LReduceconcentrationoftotalTable9compoundsto<50_ ppmw_ Ԁ(orotheroptions) I'q:'O 00 'q 0I 8')H'q 80 TotalHAPloadinwastewaterstreamsfromPAIprocessunits A! 2,100Mg/yr L'q9+ "  ' L99%reductionofTable9compoundsfromallstreamsortreatmentin_ RCRA_ Ԁunit. J'q;'A$ 00 'q z0JEquipmentleaks ;'',!3%'q ;SubpartHof40_ CFR_ Ԁpart63 ?''q,!3&'' ?SubpartHof40_ CFR_ Ԁpart63withminorchanges,includingmonitoringfrequenciesconsistentwiththeproposedCAR O'q@,u) 00 z ''q ?0OProductdryersandbagdumps ;'',!g+'q ;DryersusedtodryPAIthatalsoisaHAP,andbagdumpsusedtointroducefeedstockthatisasolidandaHAP ?''q,!0.'' ?Particulatematterconcentrationnottoexceed0.01gr/dscf Q'qq@,g0 00 ? ''q 0QHeatexchangesystems =''q,!" r2'qq =EachheatexchangesystemusedtocoolprocessequipmentinPAImanufacturingoperations ?''qq,! ;5''q ?MonitoringandleakrepairprogramasinHON<20Y6 00  ''qq <_ aTable_ Ԁ9islistedintheappendixtosubpartGof40_ CFR_ Ԁpart63.  !46  md! FX!Xxtx~xDp='{3  Ew&S  (#(#                                                                   (#(#10 F APAIisanactiveingredientasdefinedinFIFRAandisusedtoproduceaninsecticide,herbicide,orfungicide g% C pesticideenduseproduct.NotethattheowneroroperatormaydesignatetheproductionofsomeintermediatesthatarenotintegralintermediatesasPAIprocessunits. F(#F(# 20 F APAIprocessunitgroupisagroupofprocessunitsthatmanufacturePAIsandproductsotherthanPAIsby '#F alternatingrawmaterialsoroperatingconditions,orbyreconfiguringprocessequipment. F(#F(# 30 F ComplywithnewsourcestandardsiftheprocessunitgroupispartofaplantsiteatwhichallPAIprocessunits T)$H (andanyassociatedprocessunitgroups)wereconstructedafterNovember10,1997.Otherwise,complywithexistingsourcestandards. F(#F(# 40 F Someprovisionsinsubpart_ GGG_ ԀarenotallowedforPAIprocessunits. +&KF(#F(# !&O?;xr  `'{3@Exn(w['xxn( (#(#                                                   +B'2