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(#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à :=>?@ABx:ìCcgkosw{TrianglesTriangle Bullet(^EGOW_gowAutoList24(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(ii(3¯$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýýÿ d((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó d(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó /Ý ƒUüÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSee€68€FR€1276€(January€9,€2003)€(Plywood€and€Composite€Wood€Products€ProposedÐ ° ÐNESHAP)€and€docket€number€A„98„44,€Item€No.€II„D„525€(White€papers€submitted€to€EPAÏoutlining€the€risk„based€approaches).&ÿÿ0 d dbbbb'þÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ8€”6XXdìdÈ8Ñà  àÌÌà  àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòò òMEMORANDUMóóó óÐ ü L  ÐÌò òSubject:à0 ` àó óResponse€to€Public€Comments€on€Proposed€Stationary€Combustion€TurbinesÐ Ô$  ÐNESHAPÐ ` (#` (# ÐÌò òFrom:ó óà0  àà0` (#(#àSims€Roy,€ESD€Combustion€GroupМì ` (#` (# ÐÌò òTo:ó óà0  àà0` (#(#àRobert€Wayland,€ESD€Combustion€GroupÐxÈ` (#` (# ÐÌÓL€ •Ñ33 LÓÌà  àOn€January€14,€2003,€the€EPA€proposed€national€emission€standards€for€hazardous€airÏpollutants€(NESHAP)€for€stationary€combustion€turbines€(68€FR€1888).€€The€proposed€ruleÏfulfills€the€requirements€of€section€112(d)€of€the€Clean€Air€Act€(CAA).€€The€purpose€of€thisÏdocument€is€to€present€a€summary€of€the€public€comments€that€EPA€received€on€the€proposedÏstandards€and€the€responses€developed€by€EPA.€€This€summary€of€comments€and€responsesÏserves€as€the€basis€for€revisions€made€to€the€standards€between€proposal€and€promulgation.€€€ÌÌà  àThe€EPA€received€75€public€comments€on€the€proposed€rule.€€A€listing€of€all€personsÏsubmitting€comments,€their€affiliation,€and€the€document€number€for€their€comments€is€presentedÏin€Table€1.€€The€comments€can€be€obtained€online€from€the€EPAððs€Edocket€websiteÏ(http://www.epa.gov/edocket).€€The€Edocket€number€for€this€rulemaking€is€OAR„2002„0060.€ÏThe€comments€can€also€be€obtained€from€the€paper€docket,€docket€number€A„95„51.€€EachÏcommenter€has€two€document€numbers,€one€number€is€the€Edocket€Document€ID,€and€the€otherÏdocument€number€is€for€the€paper€(legacy)€document€numbering€system.€€In€this€document,Ïcommenters€are€identified€by€the€last€three€digits€of€the€Edocket€Document€ID€of€their€comments.€ÏÌà  àOn€January€29,€2003,€a€public€hearing€on€the€proposed€NESHAP€for€stationaryÏcombustion€turbines€(CTs)€was€held€at€the€EPA€facility€in€Research€Triangle€Park,€NC.€€SixÏspeakers€presented€comments€on€the€proposed€rule€and€are€listed€at€the€end€of€Table€1.€€All€of€theÏcommenters€except€one€supplemented€their€comments€at€the€public€hearing€with€writtenÏcomments€submitted€to€the€docket.€€Any€comments€from€the€public€hearing€that€were€notÏincluded€in€the€written€comments€submitted€to€the€docket€are€also€summarized€in€this€document.€ÏA€transcript€of€the€public€hearing€is€available€from€the€Edocket€website€(document€ID€OAR„¼2002„0060„0541).Ð  t+Ä&* ÐÓ  ÓTable€1.€€List€of€Commenters€on€the€Proposed€NESHAP€for€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines¹Ó ÓÌÔ*‹ƒkVÃd dd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#‹ÔÔ,4ddÔÔ,eddÔÔ,z ddÔÔ,eddÔÔ+  ÔÐ $ ˆØ €€„P„$ÐÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤ü!°œX?ÓEDocket€ID€NumberÐ 'ì<"P „P„'ÐLegacyÏDocumentÏNumberÐ 'Ä"P „P„'ÐCommenter,€Addressee,€Title€orÏDescription,€etc.Ð 'Ø("P „P„'ÐDate€ofÏDocumentÐ ,"Ø( "P  „„,ÐOAR„2002„0060„0385Ð 'D ” " „„'ÐIV„D„01Ð 'D ” " „„'ÐJ.€Bardi,€Administrative€Assistant,ÏASTM€International,€W.€Conshohocken,ÏPA.Ð ' l „„'Ð01/21/2003Ð 'D ”" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0386Ð 'œ ì" „„'ÐIV„D„02Ð 'œ ì" „„'ÐS.€Clowney,€El€Paso€Pipeline€Group.Ð 'œ ì „„'Ð12/19/2002Ð 'œ ì" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0387Ð 'l " „„'ÐIV„D„03Ð 'l " „„'ÐL.€Eagan,€Chair,€STAPPA€Air€ToxicsÏCommittee€and€R.€Colby,€Chair,ÏALAPCO€Air€Toxics€Committee,ÏWashington,€DC.Ð 'à0  „„'Ð01/29/2003Ð 'l " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0412Ð '`°" „„'ÐIV„D„06Ð '`°" „„'ÐG.€M.€Adams,€Assistant€DepartmentalÏEngineer,€Office€EngineeringÏDepartment,€The€Los€Angeles€CountyÏSanitation€Districts€(LACSD),€Whittier,ÏCA.Ð '`" „„'Ð02/12/2003Ð '`°#" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0413Ð 'à$" „„'ÐIV„D„52Ð 'à%" „„'ÐW.€E.€Corbin,€Private€Citizen,ÏSaylorsburg,€PA.Ð '|Ì' „„'ÐUndatedÐ 'à(" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0414Ð 'üL)" „„'ÐIV„D„04Ð 'üL*" „„'ÐD.€M.€Anthony,€Air€Quality€Engineer,ÏAlyeska€Pipeline€Service€Company,ÏFairbanks,€AK.Ð 'Ô$- „„'Ð02/08/2003Ð 'üL." „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0415Ð 'T¤/" „„'ÐÐ 'T¤0" „„'Ðjeanpublic@yahoo.comÐ 'T¤1 „„'ÐUndatedÐ 'T¤2" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0416Ð 'Ô$3" „„'ÐIV„D„53Ð 'Ô$4" „„'ÐD.€R.€Schregardus,€Deputy€AssistantÏSecretary€of€the€Navy€(Environment),ÏWashington,€DC.Ð '¬!ü7 „„'Ð02/19/2003Ð 'Ô$8" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0417Ð ',#|9" „„'ÐIV„D„54Ð ',#|:" „„'ÐJ.€C.€Solt,€Lindh€&€Assoc.,€CommentsÏon€behalf€of€Catalytica€Energy€Systems,ÏAntelope,€CA.Ð '%T = „„'Ð02/10/2003Ð ',#|>" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0418Ð '„&Ô!?" „„'ÐIV„D„55Ð '„&Ô!@" „„'ÐN.€Popa,€Senior€Environmental€Planner,ÏCMS€Energy/Consumers€Energy,ÏJackson,€MI.Ð '\(¬#C „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '„&Ô!D" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0419Ð 'Ü),%E" „„'ÐIV„D„56Ð 'Ü),%F" „„'ÐM.€Murray,€Director€Environmental€&ÏSafety€Policy,€Sempra€Energy,€SanÏDiego,€CA.Ð '´+'I „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ 'Ü),%J" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0420Ð 'ld" „„'Ðâ âIV„D„25Ð 'ld" „„'ÐJ.€Shefchek,€Managing€Director€andÏChief€Environmental€Officer,ÏWisconsin,€Power€and€Light€Company,ÏAlliant€Energy,€Madison,€WI.Ð '0 ( „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0421Ð '° ¨" „„'ÐIV„D„31Ð '° ¨ " „„'ÐB.€Rising,€Regulatory€Affairs€Manager,ÏSiemens€Westinghouse€Power€Corp.,ÏOrlando,€FL.Ð 'ˆ€  „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '° ¨ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0422Ð '" „„'ÐIV„D„23Ð '" „„'ÐR.€J.€Morehouse,€ExxonMobil,ÏHouston,€TX.Ð 'ôì „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0423Ð 'tl " „„'ÐIV„D„57Ð 'tl " „„'ÐM.€C.€Frank,€Director€of€RegulatoryÏAffairs,€The€Boeing€Company,€VA.Ð '`X  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'tl " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0424Ð 'àØ " „„'ÐIV„D„58Ð 'àØ " „„'ÐJ.€M.€Vaught,€Chair,€Subcommittee€onÏEnvironment€&€Fuels€and€L.ÏWitherspoon,€Chair,€Environmental€&ÏRegulatory€Affairs,€ASME€Gas€TurbineÏProcurement€Subcommittee€onÏEnvironment€and€Fuels€and€IGTIÏEnvironmental€and€Regulatory€AffairsÏTechnical€Committee.Ð 'TL! „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'àØ "" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0425Ð 'ÔÌ#" „„'ÐIV„D„46Ð 'ÔÌ$" „„'ÐC.€Van€Atten,€The€Clean€Energy€Group,ÏConcord,€MA.Ð 'À¸& „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ÔÌ'" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0426Ð '@8(" „„'ÐIV„D„48Ð '@8)" „„'ÐM.€S.€Brownstein,€DirectorÏEnvironmental€Strategy€&€Policy,ÏPublic€Service€Enterprise€Group,ÏNewark,€NJ.Ð '"ü- „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '@8." „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0427Ð '„#|/" „„'ÐIV„D„59Ð '„#|0" „„'ÐL.€Witherspoon,€Solar€Turbines€Inc.,ÏSan€Diego,€CA.Ð 'p$h2 „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '„#|3" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0428Ð 'ð%è4" „„'ÐIV„D„60Ð 'ð%è5" „„'ÐD.€M.€Chari,€Senior€EnvironmentalÏManager,€Rohm€and€Haas€Company,ÏPhiladelphia,€PA.Ð 'È'À8 „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ð%è9" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0429Ð 'H)@!:" „„'ÐIV„D„61Ð 'H)@!;" „„'ÐJ.€P.€LaCosse,€President€and€PrincipalÏScientist,€Spectral€Insights€LLC,ÏDurham,€NC.Ð ' +#> „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ 'H)@!?" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0430Ð 'ld" „„'Ðâ âIV„D„49Ð 'ld" „„'ÐD.€J.€Jezouit,€Counsel€to€the€Class€ofÏðð85€Regulatory€Response€Group,€BakerÏBotts€LLP,€Washington,€DC.Ð 'D < „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0431Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐIV„D„62Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐJ.€C.€deRuyter,€Principal€Consultant,ÏDuPont€Engineering€Technology,ÏWilmington,€DE.Ð 'œ ”  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'Ä ¼ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0433Ð ' " „„'ÐIV„D„44Ð '" „„'ÐD.€Kolaz,€Chief,€Bureau€of€Air,€IllinoisÏEnvironmental€Protection€Agency,ÏSpringfield,€IL.Ð 'ôì „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0435Ð 'tl " „„'ÐIV„D„26Ð 'tl " „„'ÐS.€D.€Meyers,€Counsel„Environment,ÏHealth€&€Safety,€GE€Power€Systems,ÏSchenectady,€NY.Ð 'LD  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'tl " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0436Ð 'ÌÄ " „„'ÐIV„D„40Ð 'ÌÄ " „„'ÐM.€Klassen,€Vice€President/PrincipalÏResearch€Engineer,€Combustion€ScienceÏ&€Engineering€Inc.,€Columbia,€MD.Ð '¤œ „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ÌÄ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0437Ð '$" „„'ÐIV„D„63Ð '$ " „„'ÐT.€Steichen,€American€PetroleumÏInstitute,€Washington,€DC.Ð '" „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '$#" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0438Ð 'ˆ$" „„'ÐIV„D„47Ð 'ˆ%" „„'ÐT.€R.€Weeks,€Chief,€Engineering,€SanÏDiego€County€Air€Pollution€ControlÏDistrict,€Air€Pollution€Control€Board,ÏSan€Diego,€CA.Ð 'TL) „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ˆ*" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0439Ð 'ÔÌ+" „„'ÐIV„D„64Ð 'ÔÌ," „„'ÐS.€E.€Woock,€Federal€RegulatoryÏAffairs€Manager,€Weyerhaeuser,€NewÏBern,€NC.Ð '¬!¤/ „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ÔÌ0" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0440Ð ',#$1" „„'ÐIV„D„66Ð ',#$2" „„'ÐJ.€Michael€Geers,€Cinergy€Corp,ÏCincinnati,€OH.Ð '$4 „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð ',#$5" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0442Ð '˜%6" „„'ÐIV„D„65Ð '˜%7" „„'ÐJ.€Dreyer,€Director€of€Industry€Affairs,ÏGas€Processors€Association,€Tulsa,€OK.Ð '„&|9 „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '˜%:" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443Ð '(ü;" „„'ÐIV„D„72Ð '(ü<" „„'ÐG.€Calvo,€Hunton€&€Williams,ÏComments€of€the€Utility€Air€RegulatoryÏGroup,€Washington,€DC.Ð 'Ü)Ô!? „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ '(ü@" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0444Ð 'ld" „„'ÐIV„D„67Ð 'ld" „„'ÐC.€Levesque,€Supervisor€PermitsÏâ âSection,€City€Public€Service,€SanÏAntonio,€TX.Ð 'D < „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0445Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐIV„D„68Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐJ.€Whynot,€Planning€and€RulesÏManager,€South€Coast€Air€QualityÏManagement€District,€Diamond€Bar,ÏCA.Ð 'ˆ€  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'Ä ¼ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0446Ð '" „„'ÐIV„D„69Ð '" „„'ÐE.€H.€McMeekin,€EnvironmentalÏManager,€PPG€Industries,€Allison€Park,ÏPA.Ð 'àØ  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0447Ï&€OAR„2002„0060„¼0448Ð '80 " „„'ÐIV„D„70Ð '`X " „„'ÐG.€S.€Lipka,€Earth€Tech.Ð '`X  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '`X " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0449Ð '¸°" „„'ÐIV„D„41Ð '¸°" „„'ÐL.€Beal,€Director,€EnvironmentalÏAffairs,€The€Interstate€Natural€GasÏAssociation€of€America,€Washington,ÏDC.Ð '|t „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '¸° " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0460Ð 'üô!" „„'ÐIV„D„21Ð 'üô"" „„'ÐJ.€Abboud,€Executive€Director,€GasÏTurbine€Association,€Great€Falls,€VA.Ð 'èà$ „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'üô%" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0463Ð 'h`&" „„'ÐIV„D„16Ð 'h`'" „„'ÐP.€Chu,€EPRI,€Palo€Alto,€CA.Ð 'h`( „„'Ð02/26/2003Ð 'h`)" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0464Ð 'èà*" „„'ÐIV„D„18Ð 'èà+" „„'ÐP.€T.€Cavanaugh,€Vice€President€FederalÏand€International€GovernmentÏRelations,€ChevronTexaco,€Washington,ÏDC.€Ð '¬!¤/ „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'èà0" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0465Ð ',#$1" „„'ÐIV„D„17Ð ',#$2" „„'ÐJ.€T.€Higgins,€Director,€Bureau€ofÏStationary€Sources,€Division€of€AirÏResources,€New€York€State€DepartmentÏof€Environmental€Conservation,ÏAlbany,€NY.Ð 'Ü&Ô7 „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð ',#$8" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0469Ð '\(T 9" „„'ÐIV„D„20Ð '\(T :" „„'ÐC.€Waxman,€Senior€EnvironmentalÏScientist,€Environmental€EngineeringÏand€Compliance,€KeySpan,€Hicksville,ÏNY.Ð ' +#> „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ '\(T ?" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0470Ð 'ld" „„'Ðâ âIV„D„08Ð 'ld" „„'ÐR.€R.€Scott,€Chief€Air€ProgramsÏManager,€Air€Resources€Division,€NewÏHampshire€Department€ofÏEnvironmental€Services,€Concord,€NH.Ð '0 ( „„'Ð02/12/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0471Ð '° ¨" „„'ÐIV„D„11Ð '° ¨ " „„'ÐN.€L.€Pospisil,€Director,€Safety,€HealthÏ&€Environment,€Calpine€Corp.,€Folsom,ÏCA.Ð 'ˆ€  „„'Ð02/13/2003Ð '° ¨ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0472Ð '" „„'ÐIV„D„12Ð '" „„'ÐJ.€Pew,€EarthJustice,€Washington,€DC.Ð ' „„'Ð02/13/2003Ð '" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0473Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐIV„D„19Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐD.€M.€Shea,€ENSR€International,ÏWestford,€MA.Ð 'tl  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0474Ð 'ôì " „„'ÐIV„D„27Ð 'ôì " „„'ÐB.€H.€Spooner,€Senior€Engineer,ÏEnvironmental€Services,€MunicipalÏElectric€Authority€of€Georgia€(MEAGÏPower),€Atlanta,€GA.Ð '¸° „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð 'ôì " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0475Ð '80" „„'ÐIV„D„28Ð '80" „„'ÐD.€R.€Adams,€Air€Quality€Specialist,ÏWE€Energies,€Milwaukee,€WI.Ð '$! „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '80"" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0476Ð '¤œ#" „„'ÐIV„D„22Ð '¤œ$" „„'ÐR.€J.€Barkanic,€Manager„Environmental,ÏPPL€Services€Corp.,€Allentown,€PA.Ð 'ˆ& „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '¤œ'" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0477Ð '(" „„'ÐIV„D„32Ð ')" „„'ÐS.€A.€Knis€and€G.€G.€Gaetke,€The€DowÏChemical€Company,€Freeport,€TX.Ð 'üô+ „„'Ð02/24/2003Ð '," „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0478Ð '|t-" „„'ÐIV„D„29Ð '|t." „„'ÐL.€Murphy,€Vice€President€Safety€&€theÏEnvironment,€Manufacturing€Division,ÏMerck€&€Co.€Inc.,€Whitehouse€Station,ÏNJ.Ð '@"82 „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '|t3" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0479Ð 'À#¸4" „„'ÐIV„D„30Ð 'À#¸5" „„'ÐP.€F.€Faggert,€Vice€President€and€ChiefÏEnvironmental€Officer,€DominionÏGeneration,€Glen€Allen,€VA.Ð '˜%8 „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'À#¸9" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0481Ð '':" „„'ÐIV„D„37Ð '';" „„'ÐA.€Wright,€Director,€EnvironmentalÏManagement,€Dayton€Power€and€LightÏCompany€(DPL),€Dayton,€OH.Ð 'ð(è > „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð ''?" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0482Ð 'p*h"@" „„'ÐIV„D„39Ð 'p*h"A" „„'ÐC.€R.€Wakild,€Progress€Energy,€Raleigh,ÏNC.Ð '\+T#C „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ 'p*h"D" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0483Ð 'ld" „„'Ðâ âIV„D„35Ð 'ld" „„'ÐA.€R.€Newman,€Washington€StateÏDepartment€of€Ecology,€Olympia,€WA.Ð 'X P „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0484Ð 'Ø Ð" „„'ÐIV„D„36Ð 'Ø Ð" „„'ÐR.€Bessette,€President,€Council€ofÏIndustrial€Boiler€Owners,€Washington,ÏDC.Ð '° ¨  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'Ø Ð " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0485Ð '0( " „„'ÐIV„D„38Ð '0( " „„'ÐR.€Poteet,€ConocoPhillips€Alaska€Inc.Ð '0( „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '0(" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0486Ð '°¨" „„'ÐIV„D„34Ð '°¨" „„'ÐB.€Machaver,€Private€Citizen.Ð '°¨ „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '°¨" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0487Ð '0( " „„'ÐIV„D„71Ð '0( " „„'ÐA.€E.€Smith€Jr.,€Senior€Vice€President€&ÏEnvironmental€Counsel,€PortsideÏEnergy€Corp.€(PEC),€Merrilville,€IN.Ð '  „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð '0( " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0488Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐIV„D„42Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐD.€T.€Riley,€Vice€President,ÏGovernment€Community€and€IndustrialÏRelations,€Tesoro€PetroleumÏCompanies,€Auburn,€WA.Ð 'LD „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'ˆ€ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0489Ð 'ÌÄ!" „„'ÐIV„D„33Ð 'ÌÄ"" „„'ÐM.€M.€Round,€Senior€Air€ToxicsÏProgram€Analyst,€Northeast€States€forÏCoordinated€Air€Use€ManagementÏ(NESCAUM),€Boston,€MA.Ð 'ˆ& „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð 'ÌÄ'" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0501Ð '(" „„'ÐIV„D„45Ð ')" „„'ÐD.€L.€Kraisinger,€Vice€President,€HealthÏSafety€&€Environment,€BP€AmericaÏInc.,€Los€Angeles,€CA.Ð 'èà, „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð '-" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0502Ð 'h `." „„'ÐIV„D„50Ð 'h `/" „„'ÐJ.€J.€Mayhew,€Vice€PresidentÏRegulatory€&€Technical€Affairs,€TheÏAmerican€Chemistry€Council,ÏArlington,€VA.Ð ',#$3 „„'Ð02/28/2003Ð 'h `4" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0504Ð '¬$¤5" „„'ÐIV„D„43Ð '¬$¤6" „„'ÐR.€S.€Bahnick,€Vice€President,ÏOperations€and€Technical€Support,ÏSouthern€Star€Central€Gas€Pipeline€Inc.,ÏOwensboro,€KY.Ð 'p'h: „„'Ð02/26/2003Ð '¬$¤;" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0505Ð 'ð(è <" „„'ÐIV„D„51Ð 'ð(è =" „„'ÐM.€G.€Helm,€Environmental€Consultant,ÏConectiv€Energy,€Newark,€DE.Ð 'Ü)Ô!? „„'Ð02/28/2003â âÐ 'ð(è @" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0508Ð 'ld" „„'ÐIV„G„01Ð 'ld" „„'ÐT.€Pugh,€Manager€EnvironmentalÏâ âServices,€American€Public€PowerÏAssociation,€Ð 'D < „„'Ð03/04/2003Ð 'ld" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0509Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐIV„D„73Ð 'Ä ¼" „„'ÐR.€Meyer,€Manager€of€EnvironmentalÏAffairs,€American€Municipal€Power„¼Ohio€(AMP„Ohio),€Columbus,€OH.Ð 'œ ”  „„'Ð02/27/2003Ð 'Ä ¼ " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0513Ð ' " „„'ÐIV„D„05Ð '" „„'ÐO.€M.€Dominguez,€Director,ÏEnvironmental€Management€Division,ÏNational€Aeronautics€and€SpaceÏAdministration,€Headquarters,ÏWashington,€DC.Ð 'ÌÄ  „„'Ð02/06/2003Ð '" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0514Ð 'LD " „„'ÐIV„D„07Ð 'LD " „„'ÐJ.€A.€Paul,€Supervisor,€Regional€AirÏPollution€Control€Agency,€Dayton,€OH.Ð '80  „„'Ð02/11/2003Ð 'LD " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0515Ð '¸°" „„'ÐIV„D„09Ð '¸°" „„'ÐL.€Eagan,€Director,€Bureau€of€AirÏManagement,€State€of€Wisconsin,ÏDepartment€of€Natural€Resources,ÏMadison,€WI.Ð '|t „„'Ð01/07/2003Ð '¸° " „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0516Ð 'üô!" „„'ÐIV„D„10Ð 'üô"" „„'ÐJ.€F.€Metzger,€Sr.€EnvironmentalÏSpecialist,€3M€EnvironmentalÏTechnology€and€Safety€Services,€St.ÏPaul,€MN.Ð 'À¸& „„'Ð02/12/2003Ð 'üô'" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0517Ð '@8(" „„'ÐIV„D„13Ð '@8)" „„'ÐE.€W.€Repa,€Director€EnvironmentalÏPrograms,€National€Solid€WastesÏManagement€Association,€Washington,ÏDC.Ð '"ü- „„'Ð02/12/2003Ð '@8." „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0518Ð '„#|/" „„'ÐIV„D„14Ð '„#|0" „„'ÐW.€OððSullivan,€Acting€Director,€State€ofÏNew€Jersey€Department€ofÏEnvironmental€Protection,€Trenton,€NJ.Ð '\%T3 „„'Ð02/14/2003Ð '„#|4" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0519Ð 'Ü&Ô5" „„'ÐIV„D„15Ð 'Ü&Ô6" „„'ÐN.€Dee,€Director€of€Environment€andÏSafety,€National€Petrochemical€&ÏRefiners€Association,€Washington,€DC.Ð '´(¬ 9 „„'Ð02/26/2003Ð 'Ü&Ô:" „„'ÐOAR„2002„0060„0520Ð '4*,";" „„'ÐIV„D„24Ð '4*,"<" „„'ÐP.€A.€Lacey,€Senior€Managing€Counsel,ÏAmerican€Gas€Association,ÏWashington,€DC.Ð J@ ,$? àeâ@37679„„‰àeâ@‰JÐ02/28/2003â âÐ J@54*,"@" àeâ@37679 àeâ@ „„JÐOAR„2002„0060„0541Ìâ â(transcript€of€publicÏhearing)Ð 'D <" „„'ÐÐ 'ld" „„'ÐSpeakers€were:Ì(A)€W.€F.€Priebe,€representing€AlaskaÏNorth€Slope€Oil€and€Gas€Production€andÏTransmission€Operators.ÌÌ(B)€C.€Wait,€Panhandle€Pipe€LineÏCompanies,€on€behalf€of€the€InterstateÏNatural€Gas€Association€of€America.ÌÌ(C)€S.€Clowney,€El€Paso€PipelineÏGroup,€on€behalf€of€the€InterstateÏNatural€Gas€Association€of€America.ÌÌ(D)€L.€Witherspoon,€Manager,ÏEnvironmental€Programs,€SolarÏTurbines€Inc.,€San€Diego,€CA.ÌÌ(E)€B.€Nicholson,€Chief€of€the€PlanningÏSection,€NC€Division€of€Air€Quality,€onÏbehalf€of€the€State€and€Territorial€AirÏPollution€Program€Administrators€andÏthe€Association€of€Local€Air€PollutionÏControl€Officials.ÌÌF)€S.€Lanier,€American€PetroleumÏInstitute.Ð 'xp „„'ÐÐ"ld" L "ÐÌMany€commenters€expressed€support€for€the€comments€submitted€by€other€commenters.€€Table€2Ïshows€those€commenters€and€the€comments€that€they€supported.ÌÌÓ  ÓTable€2.€€List€of€Commenters€Expressing€Support€for€Other€CommentsÌÓ6cÓÌÔ*žƒkVdMÃd4dd4eddez ddz eddekV°(#°(#žÔÔ,™ dd ÔÔ,ßdd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ $ &% €€„„$ÐòòCommenteróóÐ '€&x& „„'ÐòòSupports€Comments€of:óóÐ #€&x'  #ÐOAR„2002„0060„0501Ð  (ø( ÐOAR„2002„0060„0437,€OAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  (ø) ÐOAR„2002„0060„0464Ð  €)x!* ÐOAR„2002„0060„0437,€OAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  €)x!+ ÐOAR„2002„0060„0484Ð  +ø", ÐOAR„2002„0060„0431,€OAR„2002„0060„0502â âÐ  +ø"- ÐOAR„2002„0060„0482Ð  ”d Ðâ âOAR„2002„0060„0443Ð  ”d ÐOAR„2002„0060„0481Ð  ä ÐOAR„2002„0060„0430,€OAR„2002„0060„0443Ð  ä ÐOAR„2002„0060„0479Ð  ” d ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443,€OAR„2002„0060„0449Ð  ” d ÐOAR„2002„0060„0478Ð   ä ÐOAR„2002„0060„0502Ð   ä ÐOAR„2002„0060„0477Ð  ” d  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  ” d  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0475Ð  ä  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443Ð  ä  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0474Ð  ”d  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443,€OAR„2002„0060„0508Ð  ”d  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0428Ð  ä  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0484,€OAR„2002„0060„0502,ÏNational€Association€of€ManufacturersÐ  Ð  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0446Ð  €P  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  €P  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0442Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0449Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0431Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0444Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0508Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0427Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0449Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0418Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443,€OAR„2002„0060„0449Ð  Ð ÐOAR„2002„0060„0508Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443Ð  €P ÐOAR„2002„0060„0509Ð  Ð  ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443,€OAR„2002„0060„0508Ð  Ð! ÐOAR„2002„0060„0422Ð  €P" ÐOAR„2002„0060„0437,€OAR„2002„0060„0502Ð  €P# ÐOAR„2002„0060„0440Ð  !Ð$ ÐOAR„2002„0060„0443Ð  !Ð% ÐOAR„2002„0060„0519Ð  €"P& Ðincorporates€by€reference€OAR„2002„0060„0502'sÏcomments€supporting€EPAððs€Flexibility€inÏpromulgating€NESHAPs.€€Those€comments€appear€inÏSection€I€of€OAR„2002„0060„0502.Ð  D%* ÐOAR„2002„0060„0520Ð  Ä&” + ÐOAR„2002„0060„0449Ð Ä&” ,  ÐÌà  àThe€summary€of€public€comments€and€responses€is€organized€as€follows:ÌÌI.à0  àApplicabilityФ*t$/(#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àApplicability€CutoffÐ+`%0` (#` (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àEmission€Factorsа` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àSubcategories€with€Limited€RequirementsМì` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` à1.€à0 ¸ àLimited€UseЈظ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à2.à0 ¸ àDigester€Gas,€Landfill€Gas,€and€Other€Gaseous€FuelsÐtĸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à3.à0 ¸ àOtherÐ`°¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àD.à0 ` àDelistingÐL œ` (#` (# Ðà  àE.à0 ` àOtherÐ8 ˆ` (#` (# ÐII.à0  àDefinitionsÐ$ t(#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àLean€Premix€Stationary€Combustion€TurbineÐ `` (#` (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àEmergency€Stationary€Combustion€TurbineÐü L ` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àStationary€Combustion€TurbineÐè 8 ` (#` (# Ðà  àD.à0 ` àMajor€SourceÐÔ$ ` (#` (# Ðà  àE.à0 ` àOtherÐÀ ` (#` (# ÐIII.à0  àDatesЬü (#(# ÐIV.à0  àMACTИè (#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àMACT€Floor€and€MACT€for€Diffusion€Flame€UnitsÐ„Ô ` (#` (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àMACT€Floor€and€MACT€for€Lean€Premix€UnitsÐpÀ` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àMACT€Floor€and€MACT€for€Other€SubcategoriesÐ\¬` (#` (# Ðà  àD.à0 ` àOtherÐH˜` (#` (# ÐV.à0  àEmission€LimitationsÐ4„(#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àFormaldehydeÐ p` (#` (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àCOÐ \` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àDuct€BurnersÐøH` (#` (# Ðà  àD.à0 ` àOtherÐä4` (#` (# ÐVI.à0  àMonitoring,€Recordkeeping,€ReportingÐÐ (#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àCO€CEMSà€(#(#K(#` (#` (#àˆÐ ¼  Ðà  àB.à0 ` àPerformance€TestingШø` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àOtherДä` (#` (# ÐVII.à0  àTest€MethodsЀÐ(#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àFormaldehydeÐl¼` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` à1.à0 ¸ àCARB€430ÐX ¨¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à2.à0 ¸ àFTIR/EPA€Method€320ÐD!”¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à3.à0 ¸ àEPA€SW„846€Method€0011Ð0"€ ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à4.à0 ¸ àEPA€Method€323Ð#l!¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à5.à0 ¸ àOtherÐ$X"¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àCOÐô$D #` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` à1.à0 ¸ àCEMSÐà%0!$¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à2.à0 ¸ àEPA€Method€10ÐÌ&"%¸ (#¸ (# ÐVIII.à0  àCost/Impactsи'#&(#(# ÐIX.à0  àRiskФ(ô#'(#(# ÐX.à0  àOtherÐ)à$((#(# Ðà  àA.à0 ` àStartup/ShutdownÐ|*Ì%)` (#` (# Ðà  àB.à0 ` àDual€Fuel€UnitsÐh+¸&*` (#` (# Ðà  àC.à0 ` àOil€Firingа` (#` (# Ðà  àD.à0 ` àDuct€BurnersМì` (#` (# Ðà  àE.à0 ` àOtherЈØ` (#` (# ÐÌÌò òI.à0  àAPPLICABILITYó óÐL œ(#(# ÐÌòòA.à0  àApplicability€CutoffóóÐ$ t(#(# ÐÌà  àò òI.A.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Eight€commenters€(420,€425,€426,€428,€430,€431,€433,€502)€expressedÐ ü L  Ðsupport€for€the€subcategory€for€turbines€with€a€rated€peak€power€output€of€less€than€1€megawattÏ(MW).ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€acknowledges€the€commentersðð€support.€€A€subcategory€for€theseÐ °  Ðunits€has€been€retained€in€the€final€rule.ÌÌà  àò òI.A.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Nine€commenters€(414,€437,€442,€444,€449,€479,€485,€501,€508,€509)Ð tÄ Ðbelieved€that€the€EPA€should€increase€the€1€MW€capacity€threshold.€€Three€commenters€(501,Ï485,€437)€said€that€EPA€should€exclude€from€regulation€all€turbines€rated€less€than€10€MW.€ÏThree€commenters€(444,€508,€509)€recommended€that€EPA€create€a€subcategory€for€units€with€aÏcapacity€of€25€MW€or€less€and€set€no€maximum€achievable€control€technology€(MACT)€standardÏfor€such€units.€€Three€commenters€(437,€449,€442)€said€that€the€size€applicability€criteria€shouldÏbe€adjusted€to€be€consistent€with€the€MACT€floor.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€is€aware€of€stationary€combustion€turbines€as€small€as€3€MW€thatÐ Ø( Ðare€equipped€with€add„on€HAP€control€devices.€€Therefore,€EPA€does€not€have€the€discretion€toÏcreate€a€subcategory€for€units€with€a€capacity€of€25€MW€or€less€(or€10€MW€or€less)€and€set€noÏmaximum€achievable€control€technology€(MACT)€standard€for€such€units.€€Although€3€MW€isÏthe€smallest€size€unit€that€is€known€to€have€add„on€HAP€control,€EPA€feels€it€is€appropriate€to€setÏthe€cutoff€for€inclusion€in€the€less€than€1€MW€rated€peak€power€subcategory€at€1€MW€because€itÏis€believed€that€the€control€technology€used€for€3€MW€units€can€be€transferred€to€units€as€small€asÏ1€MW€in€size.€€ÌÌòòà  àóóò òI.A.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(438)€said€that€the€rule€should€be€explicit€as€to€whetherÐ $#t! Ðthe€1€MW€capacity€level€for€inclusion€in€the€less€than€1€MW€rated€peak€power€subcategoryÏapplies€to€an€individual€CT€or€applies€to€the€aggregate€capacity€of€a€group€of€CTs,€including€twoÏor€more€CTs€that€have€a€common€add„on€air€pollution€control€device.ÌÌòòà  àResponseóó:€€The€EPA€intended€for€the€1€MW€capacity€level€to€apply€to€an€individual€CT,Ð Ä'#& Ðnot€the€aggregate€capacity€of€a€group€of€CTs.€€This€clarification€has€been€made€in€the€final€rule.ÌÌà  àò òI.A.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Nine€commenters€(418,€424,€427,€437,€442,€449,€487,€501,€502)€Ð ˆ*Ø%) Ðrecommended€that€EPA€provide€an€emission€threshold€as€an€alternative€applicability€cutoff.€Ð x+È&* ÐEight€(418,€424,€427,€437,€442,€449,€501,€502)€of€those€commenters€recommended€that€theÏemission€threshold€should€be€set€at€less€than€1€ton€per€year€of€formaldehyde€emissions.€€OneÏcommenter€(487)€suggested€that€EPA€should€include€a€greater€than€2€tons€per€year€formaldehydeÏapplicability€requirement.€€€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€basis€for€this€comment€is€the€Oil€and€Natural€Gas€Production€and€NaturalÐ L œ ÐGas€Transmission€and€Storage€NESHAP€(promulgated€on€June€17,€1999).€€In€that€rule,€HAPÏemissions€from€process€vents€at€glycol€dehydration€units€that€are€located€at€major€HAP€sourcesÏand€from€process€vents€at€certain€area€source€glycol€dehydration€units€are€required€to€beÏcontrolled€unless€the€actual€flowrate€of€natural€gas€in€the€unit€is€less€than€85,000€mòò3óó/day€(3.0Ð ü L  ÐMMSCF/D),€on€an€annual€average€basis,€or€the€benzene€emissions€from€the€unit€are€less€than€0.9ÏMg/yr€(1€tpy).€€The€1€ton€per€year€emission€threshold€in€the€Oil€and€Natural€Gas€Production€andÏNatural€Gas€Transmission€and€Storage€MACT€is€equivalent€to€the€smallest€size€glycolÏdehydration€unit€with€control€of€HAP€emissions€and€is€therefore€based€on€equivalence,€not€risk.€ÏEPA€does€not€have€the€discretion€to€provide€an€alternative€applicability€cutoff€based€on€risk.ÌÌòòà  àóóò òI.A.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€expressed€the€view€that€despite€the€òòNationalÐ pÀ ÐLime€IIóó€and€òòCKRCóó€cases,€EPA€has€not€lost€any€of€its€discretion€to€establish€applicability€criteriaÐ `° Ðthat€define€the€source€category€and€the€units€subject€to€a€MACT€standard.€€The€commenter€feltÏthat€EPA€should€revisit€its€decision€that€it€does€not€have€òòde€minimisóó€authority,€and€EPAððsÐ 8ˆ Ðinterpretation,€discussed€in€òòNational€Lime€IIóó,€that€it€lost€its€inherent€authority€to€relieve€burdensÐ $t Ðof€regulation€where€they€yield€trivial€or€no€value€is€based€on€an€incorrect€analysis€of€the€wrongÏprovision€of€the€statute.€€The€commenter€suggested€that€EPA€should€not€take€such€a€restrictiveÏposition€on€its€òòde€minimisóó€authority.Ð è8 ÐÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€It€is€not€necessary€for€EPA€to€assert€the€òòde€minimisóó€authority€which€theÐ À Ðcommenter€claims€EPA€possesses.€€The€EPAððs€discretion€to€establish€appropriate€subcategoriesÏbased€on€the€characteristics€of€sources€within€the€source€category€is€sufficient€to€provide€reliefÏfrom€the€burdens€of€regulation.ÌÌòòB.à0  àEmission€FactorsóóÐ\ ¬(#(# Ðòòà  àóóÌà  àò òI.B.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€Eleven€commenters€(414,€420,€422,€427,€430,€437,€442,€449,€474,€485,Ð 4"„  Ð501)€expressed€the€view€that€the€emission€factors€presented€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€should€beÏremoved,€or€wording€should€be€added€to€acknowledge€the€use€of€factors€from€other€sources.€ÏThree€of€those€commenters€(427,€442,€449)€said€that€EPA€should€not€dictate€emission€factors€forÏmajor€source€determination;€owner/operators€should€be€allowed€to€determine€appropriateÏemission€factors€for€their€facility.ÌÌà  àTwo€commenters€(427,€449)€expressed€concern€with€the€quality€of€the€emissions€data€andÏmethodology€used€to€develop€the€emission€factors€presented€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble.€€ThoseÏcommenters€also€stated€that€the€emission€factors€for€all€loads€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€do€notÏaccurately€reflect€the€emission€profiles€for€turbines€in€variable€load€applications.€€One€commenterÐ p+À&* Ð(412)€stated€that€all€existing€turbines€do€not€fit€the€emissions€mold€projected€in€Table€1.€€€€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€and€has€removed€Table€1€from€the€preamble.€€Table€1€wasÐ ˆØ Ðintended€to€simplify€major€source€determination,€e.g.,€facilities€would€not€have€to€develop€theirÏown€emission€factors.€€The€EPA€agrees€that€all€turbines€may€not€fit€the€emissions€mold€projectedÏin€Table€1.€€The€use€of€the€emission€factors€in€Table€1€was€intended€to€be€optional;€EPA€did€notÏintend€to€dictate€the€use€of€these€emission€factors.ÌÌà  àThe€emission€factors€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€to€the€proposed€rule€were€based€onÏemissions€data€from€test€reports€that€were€reviewed€and€accepted€by€EPA€according€to€a€commonÏset€of€acceptance€criteria.€€However,€EPA€received€several€comments€regarding€the€quality€of€itsÏemissions€data€and€as€a€result,€performed€an€extensive€review€of€tests€used€at€proposal€and€newÏtests€received€during€the€comment€period.€€This€review€is€discussed€in€greater€detail€in€theÏresponse€to€comment€V.A.1.€€As€a€result€of€this€review,€revised€emission€factors€for€stationaryÏcombustion€turbines€were€calculated€and€are€presented€in€the€memorandum€ð ðHAP€EmissionÏFactors€for€Stationary€Combustion€Turbines,ðð€which€can€be€found€in€the€rule€docket.€€This€memoÏhas€emission€factors€for€both€high€load€and€all€load€conditions;€the€emission€standards€in€this€ruleÏare€based€on€data€for€high€loads.€€ÌÌà  àMany€public€comments€were€received€demonstrating€that€formaldehyde€emissionsÏmeasured€using€CARB€Method€430€or€EPA€Method€0011€were€biased€low€compared€to€FTIRÏmeasurements.€€Caution€should€therefore€be€used€when€using€data€collected€using€CARB€430€orÏEPA€Method€0011€in€determining€applicability.€€The€EPA€believes€that€the€emission€factorsÏpresented€in€the€ð ðHAP€Emission€Factors€for€Stationary€Combustion€Turbinesðð€memorandumÏprovide€the€most€accurate€information€on€stationary€combustion€turbine€emission€factors.ÌÌà  àòòóóò òI.B.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(412)€stated€that€the€emission€factors€in€Table€1€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðpreamble€do€not€account€for€diesel€particulate€toxicity.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenter€is€correct,€the€emission€factors€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€areÐ pÀ Ðnot€adjusted€for€toxicity.€€The€emission€factors€in€Table€1€were€on€a€mass€per€heat€input€basis.€ÏThe€emission€factors€in€Table€1€have€not€been€included€in€the€final€rule,€therefore,€the€commentÏis€moot.€€However,€as€discussed€in€the€reply€to€comment€I.B.1,€revised€emission€factors€areÏpresented€in€a€memorandum€which€can€be€found€in€the€rule€docket.€Ìà  àÌà  àò òI.B.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Four€commenters€(420,€430,€471,€474)€requested€that€EPA€clarify€thatÐ ø$H # Ðthe€factors€are€applicable€for€the€total€aggregate€hazardous€air€pollutants€(HAPs)€that€can€beÏexpected€from€a€single€CT.€€Two€of€those€commenters€(420,€430)€suggested€that€EPA€shouldÏprovide€emission€factors€for€individual€HAPs€so€that€sources€can€determine€whether€they€will€beÏa€major€source€based€on€the€threshold€of€10€tons€per€year€of€a€single€HAP.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€emission€factors€have€not€been€included€in€the€final€rule,€therefore,€theÐ „*Ô%) Ðfirst€comment€is€moot.€€Emission€factors€for€individual€HAPs€can€be€found€in€a€memorandumÐ p+À&* Ðavailable€from€the€rulemaking€docket,€as€discussed€in€the€reply€to€comment€I.B.1.€€ThisÏdocument€can€be€obtained€from€the€EPAððs€Edocket€website.€€Ìà  àÌà  àò òI.B.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(471)€asserted€that€EPA€should€include€the€emissionÐ tÄ Ðfactors€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€in€the€definitions€under€ðð€63.6085€if€EPA€intends€to€requireÏthe€use€of€these€factors€as€the€basis€of€determining€applicability€to€a€particular€source.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€emission€factors€in€Table€1€have€not€been€included€in€the€final€rule,Ð ( x Ðtherefore,€the€comment€is€moot.€€ÌÌòòà  àóóò òI.B.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(474)€stated€that€the€final€rule€should€clarify€whetherÐ ì <  Ðthe€emission€factors€in€Table€1€of€the€preamble€can€also€be€used€to€determine€HAP€emissionsÏfrom€associated€duct€burners.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€emission€factors€in€Table€1€did€not€include€emissions€from€duct€burners;Ð  ð  Ðtherefore€they€should€not€be€used€to€determine€HAP€emissions€from€duct€burners.€€The€emissionÏfactors€in€Table€1€have€not€been€included€in€the€final€rule,€therefore,€the€comment€is€moot.€€ÌÌòòC.à0  àSubcategories€with€Limited€RequirementsóóÐP (#(# ÐÌòò1.à0  àLimited€UseóóÐ(x(#(# ÐÌà  àò òI.C.1.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Twenty„four€commenters€(414,€416,€420,€422,€423,€430,€431,€437,Ð P Ð440,€442,€443,€444,€449,€474,€475,€476,€479,€482,€485,€501,€502,€508,€509,€519)€supported€theÏcreation€of€a€subcategory€for€limited€use€CTs€with€a€capacity€utilization€of€10€percent€or€less.€ÏOne€commenter€(416)€expressed€the€view€that€the€limited€use€subcategory€should€apply€to€allÏlimited€use€CTs,€not€just€electric€power€peak€shaving€units.€ÌÌà  àOne€commenter€(414)€requested€that€EPA€define€what€is€meant€by€a€capacity€utilizationÏof€10€percent€or€less.€€Two€commenters€(440,€475)€stated€that€the€basis€should€be€no€more€thanÏ10€percent€utilization€during€the€previous€three€calendar€years€and€no€more€than€20€percent€inÏeach€of€those€years.€€Two€commenters€(443,€482)€said€that€the€10€percent€capacity€utilizationÏshould€be€based€on€a€three„year€average.€€One€of€those€commenters€(443)€believed€that€a€CTÏshould€only€trigger€MACT€if€it€exceeds€2,628€hours€in€any€three€year€period,€and€that€EPAÏshould€consider€creating€a€sliding€scale€in€which€the€limited€use€cutoff€could€exceed€876€hours€ifÏa€unitððs€formaldehyde€emissions€are€below€a€certain€level.€€ÌÌà  àSix€commenters€(414,€421,€433,€479,€484,€519)€requested€that€EPA€increase€the€allowableÏoperating€time€for€limited€use€turbines.€€Commenter€414€recommended€that€the€50€hourÏallowance€for€limited€use€be€increased€to€200€hours€to€allow€for€maintenance€checks.€ÏCommenters€421€and€433€stated€that€a€more€appropriate€cut„off€is€500€hours€per€year,€whichÏCommenter€433€said€is€consistent€with€EPA€policy€for€designating€emergency€engines€for€TitleÏV€permits€and€is€also€appropriate€because€year„to„year€variability€in€the€utilization€does€not€resultÐ t+Ä&* Ðin€routine€changes€in€a€unitððs€status.€€Commenter€433€also€suggested€that€EPA€could€develop€aÏmore€refined€approach;€for€example,€the€cutoff€for€turbines€greater€than€10€MW€could€be€200Ïhours€per€year.€ÌÌà  àCommenter€519€said€that€if€a€10€percent€utilization€is€not€implemented,€the€testing€of€CTsÏto€assure€the€unit€will€be€operational€when€needed€should€be€excluded€from€the€operating€limit,Ïbecause€these€testing€operations€can€range€from€weekly€testing€for€more€than€one€hour€to€severalÏtimes€each€month.ÌÌà  àOne€commenter€(481)€said€that€EPA€should€consider€an€expanded€limited€use€categoryÏfor€simple€cycle€CTs€that€are€permitted€as€synthetic€minors,€because€the€cost€of€control€per€ton€ofÏHAP€reduced€for€simple€cycle€units€would€be€very€high.€€One€commenter€(430)€said€that€EPAÏshould€create€an€expanded€limited€use€subcategory€for€simple€cycle€CTs€operated€at€capacityÏfactors€of€up€to€30€percent.ÌÌà  àTwo€commenters€(465,€470)€contended€that€the€subcategorization€of€limited€use€CTsÏwithout€controls€is€not€protective€of€public€health,€because€these€CTs€operate€mostly€in€theÏsummer€months€when€the€public€is€more€likely€to€be€exposed€to€the€emissions.ÌÌà  àòòóóTwo€commenters€(465,€470)€remarked€that€any€subcategorization€of€limited€use€CTsÐ 4„ Ðshould€include€a€permit€requirement€that€these€units€operate€less€than€876€hours€per€year.€€ToÏlower€costs€for€these€units,€less€onerous€monitoring€requirements€such€as€periodic€stack€testsÏwith€a€temperature€sensor€on€the€catalyst€could€be€required.ÌÌà  àòòóóThree€commenters€(426,€431,€502)€supported€the€subcategory€for€limited€use€units€andÐ Ð  ÐEPAððs€finding€that€no€emission€reduction€should€be€required€for€these€units.ÌÌà  àòòóóOne€commenter€(423)€said€that€if€EPA€does€not€increase€the€allowable€operating€hoursÐ ”ä Ðfor€a€limited€use€unit€to€876,€EPA€should€subcategorize€and€delist€the€special€limited€use€activityÏof€a€turbine€that€is€a€stationary€mounted€aircraft€engine€to€provide€motive€force€for€a€wind€tunnel.ÌÌà  àòòóóOne€commenter€(518)€expressed€the€view€that€existing€limited€use€CTs€might€beÐ D!” Ðexempted€from€the€MACT€emission€limits,€but€new€limited€use€CTs€should€not€be€exempted.€ÏThe€commenter€observed€that€in€New€Jersey,€limited€use€units€generally€operate€for€less€than€250Ïhours€per€year.ÌÌòòà  àResponseóó:€€The€preamble€for€the€proposed€rule€proposed€a€subcategory€for€limited€useÐ à%0!$ Ðstationary€CTs€and€defined€them€as€operating€50€hours€or€less€per€calendar€year.€€The€EPAÏsolicited€comments€on€creating€a€subcategory€of€limited€use€stationary€CTs€with€capacityÏutilization€of€10€percent€or€less€and€used€for€electric€power€peak€shaving;€numerous€commentersÏsupported€the€creation€of€such€a€subcategory.€€Comments€were€received€both€for€and€against€theÏlimited€use€subcategory.€€After€considering€all€of€the€comments,€EPA€has€decided€not€to€includeÏa€subcategory€for€limited€use€stationary€CTs€in€the€final€rule.€€Several€commenters€indicated€thatÐ h+¸&* Ða€limit€of€50€hours€was€so€low€that€most€turbines€would€exceed€the€operating€limit€through€theÏoperation€of€the€turbine€for€routine€testing€and€maintenance.€€Therefore,€it€is€believed€that€noÏturbines€would€utilize€the€limit€of€50€hours.€€A€subcategory€of€limited€use€stationary€CTs€withÏcapacity€utilization€of€10€percent€or€less€and€used€for€electric€power€peak€shaving€was€not€createdÏbecause€these€sources€are€similar€sources€to€units€equipped€with€add„on€oxidation€catalyst€controlÏand€their€operation€only€during€peak€periods€does€not€preclude€them€from€being€equipped€withÏadd„on€oxidation€catalyst€control.€€ÌÌà  àOur€objective€in€subcategorizing€is€not€to€protect€public€health,€but€to€establish€groups€ofÏsources€which€share€common€characteristics€that€are€related€to€the€availability€of€potentialÏemission€control€strategies.€€In€any€case,€EPA€has€not€adopted€a€limited€use€subcategory,€becauseÏEPA€determined€that€creation€of€such€a€subcategory€would€not€change€the€nature€of€the€requiredÏcontrols.à ` àòòóóÐ À  ЀÌòò2.à0  àDigester€Gas,€Landfill€Gas,€and€Other€Gaseous€FuelsóóИè (#(# ÐÌà  àòòóóò òI.C.2.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Seven€commenters€(420,€426,€430,€431,€433,€502,€517)€expressedÐ pÀ Ðsupport€for€the€subcategory€for€turbines€firing€landfill€gas€or€digester€gas.€€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€acknowledges€the€commentersðð€support;€this€subcategory€has€beenÐ 8ˆ Ðretained€in€the€final€rule.Ìà  àÌà  àòòóóò òI.C.2.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(517)€noted€that€EPA€should€not€develop€NESHAPÐ üL Ðfor€landfill€gas€fired€CTs€because€turbines€are€one€of€the€control€technologies€mandated€by€theÏMunicipal€Solid€Waste€Landfill€NESHAP€(68€FR€2227).€€As€such,€EPA€should€not€be€regulatingÏcontrol€devices€with€control€devices.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€does€not€believe€that€control€devices€utilized€to€reduce€HAPÐ œì Ðemissions€should€by€themselves€be€deemed€to€be€an€affected€source€for€the€purpose€of€MACTÏstandard€development.€€However,€the€EPA€also€does€not€believe€that€the€mere€fact€that€a€sourceÏwhich€emits€HAP€may€also€be€utilized€to€address€other€environmental€problems€is€a€sufficientÏbasis€to€exempt€that€source€entirely€from€inclusion€in€a€standard.Ì€Ìà  àòòóóò òI.C.2.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(413)€remarked€that€primary€fuel€is€not€defined€inÐ $#t! Ðthe€rule.€€The€commenter€noted€that€applying€the€subcategory€only€to€turbines€using€landfill€orÏdigester€gas€as€primary€fuel€is€overly€restrictive.€€The€commenter€suggested€that€the€subcategoryÏshould€be€for€turbines€with€annual€landfill€and€digester€gas€consumption€10€percent€or€more€ofÏthe€total€fuel€consumption€on€an€annual€basis€based€on€gross€heat€input€(similar€to€the€boilerÏNSPS€in€40€CFR€60€Subpart€Db).ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€that€it€is€appropriate€to€provide€guidelines€for€the€usage€ofÐ œ)ì$( Ðlandfill€and€digester€gas,€and€is€incorporating€the€commenterððs€suggestion€that€the€subcategoryÏshould€be€for€turbines€with€annual€landfill€and€digester€gas€consumption€10€percent€or€more€ofÐ t+Ä&* Ðthe€gross€heat€input€on€an€annual€basis.€€The€EPA€believes€that€firing€greater€than€10€percentÏlandfill€or€digester€gas€will€cause€fouling€that€will€render€an€oxidation€catalyst€inoperable€withinÏa€short€period€of€time.€€This€belief€is€based€on€information€gathered€from€catalyst€vendors€andÏsanitation€districts€indicating€that€the€presence€of€siloxanes€in€landfill€or€digester€gas€will€lead€toÏimmediate€catalyst€fouling.€€One€Sanitation€District€in€California€indicated€that€fouling€of€theÏcatalyst€starts€immediately€and€rapidly€gets€worse.€€In€their€experience,€catalyst€fouling€wasÏnoticed€after€about€two€weeks€of€operation,€and€the€catalyst€became€practically€ineffective€afterÏthree€months€of€operation.€€All€of€the€catalyst€vendors€contacted€by€EPA€indicated€that€thereÏwould€be€problems€with€catalyst€deactivation€with€the€use€of€landfill€or€digester€gas.ÌÌà  àòòóóò òI.C.2.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Two€commenters€(421,€435)€requested€that€the€subcategory€for€CTsÐ è 8  Ðfiring€landfill€or€digester€gas€be€expanded€to€included€CTs€used€at€gasification€plants.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€that€if€municipal€solid€waste€(MSW)€is€used€as€fuel€in€aÐ °  Ðturbine,€problems€with€catalyst€fouling€similar€to€those€found€for€digester€and€landfill€gas€unitsÏmay€occur.€€Therefore,€in€the€final€rule,€the€subcategory€for€CTs€firing€landfill€or€digester€gas€hasÏbeen€expanded€to€include€units€where€gasified€MSW€is€used€to€generate€10€percent€or€more€ofÏthe€gross€heat€input€to€the€stationary€combustion€turbine€on€an€annual€basis.€€ÌÌà  àòòóóò òI.C.2.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(427)€stated€that€the€subcategory€for€CTs€firingÐ 8ˆ Ðlandfill€or€digester€gas€should€be€expanded€to€other€non€natural€gas€fuels€that€would€result€inÏtechnical€issues€with€catalyst€operation€similar€to€the€issues€for€units€firing€landfill€or€digesterÏgas.€€Examples€of€other€fuels€include€biogas,€refinery€gas,€and€other€low,€medium,€and€high€BTUÏgases.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenter€has€not€provided€any€data€to€support€their€comment€that€thereÐ Ä Ðwould€be€technical€issues€with€catalyst€operation.€€Therefore,€EPA€does€not€have€any€evidence€toÏsuggest€that€turbines€firing€other€non€natural€gas€fuels€would€not€be€able€to€meet€the€emissionÏlimitations,€and€is€not€expanding€the€subcategory€to€other€non€natural€gas€fuels€(other€than€fuelsÏcontaining€MSW).€€€Ìà  àÌòò3.à0  àOtheróóÐL!œ(#(# ÐÌà  àò òI.C.3.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Six€commenters€(420,€425,€426,€430,€431,€502)€expressed€support€forÐ $#t! Ðthe€subcategory€for€emergency€stationary€CTs.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€€The€EPA€acknowledges€the€commentersðð€support.€€This€subcategory€has€beenÐ ì%?@ABnh3LÓÝ ‚ 3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚ 3£ºêÝÔ2nÔððÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝLean€Premix€Gas„Fired€Turbines.€€This€subcategory€includes€(a)€each€stationaryÐ ¨ø Ðcombustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€only€to€fire€gas€using€lean€premix€technology,€(b)Ïeach€stationary€combustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€gas€using€lean€premixÏtechnology€and€to€fire€oil,€during€any€period€when€it€is€firing€gas,€and€(c)€each€stationaryÏcombustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€gas€using€lean€premix€technology€andÏto€fire€oil,€and€is€located€at€a€major€source€where€all€stationary€combustion€turbines€fireÏoil€no€more€than€an€aggregate€total€of€1000€hours€during€the€calendar€year.݃ 3£ºêåê݌Р(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚ 3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚ 3£ÕíÝÔ2nÔððÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝLean€Premix€Oil„Fired€Turbines.€€This€subcategory€includes€(a)€each€stationaryÐ $X" Ðcombustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€only€to€fire€oil€using€lean€premix€technology,€andÏ(b)€each€stationary€combustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€oil€using€leanÏpremix€technology€and€to€fire€gas,€and€is€located€at€a€major€source€where€all€stationaryÏcombustion€turbines€fire€oil€more€than€an€aggregate€total€of€1000€during€the€calendarÏyear,€during€any€period€when€it€is€firing€oil.݃ 3£Õíî݌Р(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚ 3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚ 3£oðÝÔ2nÔððÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝDiffusion€Flame€Gas„Fired€Turbines.€€This€subcategory€includes€(a)€each€stationaryÐ |*Ì%) Ðcombustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€only€to€fire€gas€using€diffusion€flame€technology,Ð h+¸&* Ð(b)€each€stationary€combustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€gas€using€diffusionÏflame€technology€and€to€fire€oil,€during€any€period€when€it€is€firing€gas,€and€(c)€eachÏstationary€combustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€gas€using€diffusion€flameÏtechnology€and€to€fire€oil,€and€is€located€at€a€major€source€where€all€stationaryÏcombustion€turbines€fire€oil€no€more€than€an€aggregate€total€of€1000€hours€during€theÏcalendar€year.݃ 3£oðšð݌Р(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚ 3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚ 3£®óÝÔ2nÔððÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝDiffusion€Flame€Oil„Fired€Turbines.€€This€subcategory€includes€(a)€each€stationaryÐ $ t Ðcombustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€only€to€fire€oil€using€diffusion€flame€technology,Ïand€(b)€each€stationary€combustion€turbine€which€is€equipped€both€to€fire€oil€usingÏdiffusion€flame€technology€and€to€fire€gas,€and€is€located€at€a€major€source€where€allÏstationary€combustion€turbines€fire€oil€more€than€an€aggregate€total€of€1000€hours€duringÏthe€calendar€year,€during€any€period€when€it€is€firing€oil.݃ 3£®óÙó݌Р(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓL€  :=>?@ABnhh :=>?@ABLÓÌà  àThe€EPA€expects€that€the€majority€of€distillate€oil€burned€in€stationary€combustionÏturbines€will€be€fuel€oil€number€2.€€The€EPA€recognizes€that€stationary€combustion€turbineÏowners€and€operators€may€burn€different€varieties€of€distillate€oil,€however€it€is€believed€that€anyÏother€distillate€oil€combusted€will€be€of€similar€quality€and€composition€to€fuel€oil€number€2.€ÏThe€EPA€does€not€anticipate€that€owners€and€operators€will€burn€any€other€liquid€based€fuel€thatÏis€more€contaminated€with€metals€than€fuel€oil€number€2€and€expects€that€most€available€liquidÏfuels€that€may€be€used€in€stationary€combustion€turbines€will€be€similar€and€fairly€consistent.ÌÌòòB.à0  àMACT€Floor€and€MACT€for€Lean€Premix€UnitsóóÐøH(#(# ÐÌà  àò òIV.B.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Several€commenters€took€issue€with€the€methodology€and€data€usedÐ Ð  Ðto€set€the€MACT€Floor€for€LPC€units.€€Two€commenters€(427,€460)€contended€that€EPAððsÏdetermination€of€the€floor€for€existing€LPC€is€fundamentally€flawed.€€Reliance€on€a€single€dataÏpoint€and€the€assumptions€made€to€compensate€for€the€inherent€error€and€variability€are€arbitraryÏand€capricious,€therefore€EPA€must€obtain€additional€information€before€it€can€set€a€floor.€€ÌÌà  àTwo€commenters€(430,€440)€stated€that€data€from€all€five€CTs€should€be€used€to€set€theÏMACT€floor€for€existing€LPC€turbines.€€Commenter€440€determined€that€the€formaldehyde€limitÏshould€be€219€ppb€(this€option€is€recommended€only€if€EPA€declines€to€set€the€floor€as€noÏemission€reduction).ÌÌà  àSix€commenters€(424,€431,€484,€485,€488,€501)€remarked€that€the€MACT€floor€for€newÏand€existing€LPC€turbines€does€not€reflect€a€reasonable€estimate€of€formaldehyde€emissionsÏachieved€in€practice€by€the€best„performing€source;€EPA€should€adjust€the€MACT€floor€to€reflectÏformaldehyde€emissions€reasonably€expected€over€the€operating€range€of€the€best„performingÏLPC€turbine.€€One€commenter€(519)€observed€that€EPAððs€use€of€the€performance€test€of€oneÏð ðbestðð€LPC€unit€is€not€statistically€viable€and€does€not€meet€the€statutory€requirement€for€settingÏthe€MACT€floor.ÌÐ l+¼&* Ðà  àTwo€commenters€(437,€502)€said€that€EPAððs€emission€standard€for€LPC€CTs€is€unlawfulÏand€EPA€should€establish€a€ð ðno€controlðð€emission€limitation.€€The€EPA€did€not€determine€thatÏthe€best€performers€in€the€subcategory€were€ð ðcontrollingðð€their€emissions€in€a€duplicable€manner.ÌThe€EPA€improperly€set€the€floor€for€the€existing€LPC€subcategory;€EPA€based€the€floor€on€theÏperformance€of€the€best€source€for€which€it€had€data,€instead€of€basing€it€on€the€average€emissionÏlimitation€of€the€5€sources€for€which€it€had€data.€€Also,€EPA€has€not€considered€all€of€theÏvariability€that€either€the€best€performers€will€experience€or€that€will€affect€the€attainability€ofÏemissions.€€The€EPA€should€consider€the€normal€turbine€variations€based€on€time,€fuel,€location,Ïand€weather.€€The€EPA€should€also€consider€the€repeatability€of€testing€and€monitoring€methods.€ÏIt€is€improper€to€set€an€emission€standard€based€on€the€testing€of€one€unit€when€there€is€noÏacceptable€test€method€to€assure€that€the€existing€test€data€is€reasonable€and€that€it€may€not€beÏpossible€to€demonstrate€compliance.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€discussed€in€the€response€to€comment€IV.A.2,€EPA€had€limited€emissionsÐ ¬ü  Ðdata€at€proposal€for€stationary€combustion€turbines.€€The€EPA€had€five€tests€for€formaldehydeÏemissions€for€LPC€CTs,€none€of€which€were€on€LPC€units€with€add„on€HAP€emission€control.€ÏAs€a€result€of€EPAððs€request€for€HAP€emissions€test€data€in€the€proposal,€EPA€received€newÏemissions€data€for€LPC€turbines€during€the€comment€period,€including€two€formaldehyde€tests€onÏa€LPC€unit€equipped€with€add„on€HAP€emissions€control.€€The€new€data€also€include€severalÏtests€conducted€using€FTIR,€which€is€regarded€as€the€most€accurate€measurement€method€forÏformaldehyde€for€stationary€CTs.€€Thus,€the€data€set€has€been€significantly€improved,€bothÏquantitatively€and€qualitatively,€and€EPA€believes€that€the€data€set€is€sufficient€to€identify€theÏbest„performing€unit.ÌÌà  àAlso,€as€discussed€in€the€response€to€comment€IV.A.2,€the€EPA€decided€that€it€isÏappropriate€to€subcategorize€based€on€fuel€within€the€subcategories€for€DFC€and€LPC€CTs.Ìà  àÌà  àAs€a€result€of€comments€and€the€new€data€submitted€post„proposal,€EPA€reevaluated€theÏMACT€Floor€for€both€existing€and€new€LPC€gas„fired€units€and€existing€and€new€LPC€oil„firedÏunits.€€For€existing€units€in€both€fuel€subcategories,€it€was€determined€that€the€average€of€the€bestÏperforming€12€percent€of€existing€units€is€no€HAP€emission€reduction.€€To€determine€the€MACTÏFloor€for€new€LPC€gas„fired€units,€the€performance€of€the€best€turbine€for€which€EPA€hasÏemissions€information€for€was€selected.€€The€best€performing€turbine€is€equipped€with€anÏoxidation€catalyst€and€was€tested€twice,€separated€by€a€period€of€2€years,€under€the€sameÏconditions.€€The€formaldehyde€was€measured€to€be€19€ppb€and€91€ppb€during€the€testing.€€TheseÏtests€were€conducted€using€CARB€430€and€a€bias€factor€was€applied€to€the€reported€results;€thisÏis€discussed€in€greater€detail€in€the€response€to€comment€V.A.1€and€in€memoranda€available€inÏthe€rulemaking€docket.€€The€MACT€Floor€was€set€at€the€higher€measurement€of€91€ppb€toÏaccount€for€the€variability€of€the€best€performing€unit.ÌÌà  àFor€new€LPC€oil„fired€units,€EPA€does€not€have€any€formaldehyde€emissions€data.€ÏHowever,€it€is€expected€that€the€level€of€control€achieved€by€the€application€of€oxidation€catalystÏcontrol€to€LPC€gas„fired€units€would€be€equivalent€to€the€level€of€control€achieved€by€applyingÐ h+¸&* Ðan€oxidation€catalyst€to€a€LPC€oil„fired€unit.€€Based€on€data€that€show€that€for€DFC€units,Ïformaldehyde€emissions€are€lower€for€distillate€oil,€it€is€also€expected€that€the€formaldehydeÏemissions€from€LPC€oil„fired€units€would€be€equal€to€or€less€than€the€formaldehyde€emissionsÏfrom€LPC€gas„fired€units.€€As€a€result,€the€MACT€Floor€for€new€LPC€oil„fired€CTs€is€the€same€asÏthe€MACT€Floor€for€new€LPC€gas„fired€CTs,€a€formaldehyde€emission€limitation€of€91€ppb.ÌÌà  àThe€EPA€examined€the€inventory€database€to€identify€any€operating€practices€whichÏcould€affect€metal€emissions€and€was€unable€to€identify€any€such€practices.€€ò òó óThe€EPA€alsoÐ $ t Ðreferred€to€the€inventory€database€to€determine€if€any€existing€lean€premix€stationary€combustionÏturbines€firing€distillate€oil€were€equipped€with€emission€controls€for€the€reduction€of€PM€whichÏwould€also€reduce€metal€emissions.€€No€such€units€were€found€in€the€inventory€database€andÏnone€were€identified€by€commenters€during€the€public€comment€period.€€òòÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àóóò òIV.B.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Three€commenters€(422,€440,€479)€believed€that€the€MACT€floor€forÐ ¬ü  Ðexisting€LPC€units€should€be€no€emissions€reductions,€while€one€commenter€(427)€said€thatÏexisting€LPC€units€should€be€exempted€from€the€standard.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenters€that€the€MACT€floor€for€existing€LPCÐ `° Ðunits€should€be€no€emissions€reductions.€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€that€existing€LPC€units€shouldÏbe€exempted€from€the€standard€but€notes€that€these€units€have€no€emission€limitations€orÏoperating€limitations€in€the€final€rule.ÌÌòòà  àóóò òIV.B.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(426)€observed€that€EPA€did€not€undertake€anyÐ üL ÐMACT€floor€analysis€for€existing€LPC€CTs€related€to€the€use€of€oxidation€catalysts.€€TheÏcommenter€said€that€EPA€should€determine€the€MACT€floor,€and€it€should€not€be€95€percentÏreduction€because€the€level€of€control€achieved€by€the€average€of€the€best€performing€12€percentÏof€existing€sources€would€be€significantly€less€than€95€percent.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€For€existing€sources,€EPA€is€required€to€set€the€MACT€floor€at€the€emissionÐ ˆØ Ðlevel€achieved€by€the€average€of€the€best€performing€12€percent€of€existing€sources.€€As€discussedÏin€the€response€to€comment€IV.B.1,€EPA€has€re„analyzed€its€data€set€and€determined€that€theÏMACT€floor€for€existing€gas„fired€and€oil„fired€LPC€units€is€no€emission€reduction.Ì€Ìà  àò òIV.B.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(424)€asserted€that€the€low€concentrations€ofÐ $#t! Ðformaldehyde€used€to€set€the€MACT€floor€are€suspect€and€should€have€been€observed€on€moreÏthan€five€representative€turbines.€€Detection€levels€for€measurement€methods€are€closer€to€100Ïppb.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€with€the€commenter.€€After€proposal€of€the€CTÐ Ä'#& ÐNESHAP,€EPA€received€additional€source€test€reports€that€included€testing€of€formaldehydeÏemissions€from€LPC€CTs.€€These€tests€showed€that€the€measurement€methods€are€capable€ofÏdetecting€levels€of€formaldehyde€lower€than€100€ppb.€€The€EPA€consulted€with€several€experts€inÏthe€measurement€of€formaldehyde€using€FTIR€and€they€indicated€that€detection€levels€of€as€lowÐ t+Ä&* Ðas€10€ppb€were€possible.€€This€is€discussed€in€much€more€detail€in€the€response€to€commentÏVII.A.2.1.€€€€€Ìà  àÌà  àòòóóò òIV.B.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€said€that€the€MACT€Floor€for€existing€LPCÐ tÄ ÐCTs€is€unlawful.€€The€floor€(formaldehyde)€is€at€a€level€far€worse€than€the€emission€levelsÏachieved€by€the€best€source.€€The€95€percent€reduction€standard€is€unlawful€because€it€does€notÏeven€purport€to€reflect€the€actual€emission€levels€achieved€by€the€relevant€best€sources.€€Also€COÏis€not€a€valid€surrogate.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€discussed€in€the€response€to€comment€IV.B.1,€EPA€reevaluated€the€MACTÐ  P  ÐFloor€for€existing€gas„fired€and€oil„fired€LPC€units€as€a€result€of€comments€and€the€new€dataÏsubmitted€post„proposal.€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€that€CO€reduction€is€not€a€valid€surrogate€forÏHAP€reduction.€€As€stated€in€the€response€to€comment€VI.A.1,€the€alternative€CO€emissionÏlimitation€has€been€removed€from€the€final€rule€due€to€CO€measurement€difficulties.€€Thus,€theÏcommenters'€concerns€are€moot.€€The€EPA€has€determined€that€formaldehyde€is€an€appropriateÏand€valid€surrogate€for€each€of€the€organic€HAP€that€can€be€controlled€by€a€catalyst,€and€that€theÏstandard€for€such€organic€HAP€can€be€reasonably€expressed€in€terms€of€formaldehyde€emissionsÏmeasured€after€exiting€any€control€device.ÌÌà  àò òIV.B.6ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€stated€that€the€MACT€Floor€for€new€LPC€unitsÐ 8ˆ Ðdoes€not€reflect€the€actual€performance€of€the€single€best€source€and€is€therefore€unlawful,Ïarbitrary,€and€capricious.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€explained€in€the€response€to€comment€IV.A.6,€EPA€believes€that€it€mustÐ ì< Ðaccommodate€intrinsic€variability€in€performance€when€setting€a€standard€which€is€based€on€theÏperformance€of€the€best€controlled€similar€source.€€It€would€make€no€sense€to€adopt€a€standardÏbased€on€the€best€controlled€source€which€could€not€be€consistently€met€even€by€that€source.€Ìà  àÌà  àò òIV.B.7ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(504)€recommended€that€the€standard€for€LPC€CTsÐ ˆØ Ðshould€be€technology€based:€€the€use€of€lean€premix€combustion.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€thinks€it€is€inappropriate€to€base€the€standard€for€a€subcategory€on€aÐ P!  Ðcharacteristic€which€is€intrinsic€to€all€sources€in€that€subcategory.€€Rather,€EPA€must€considerÏadditional€characteristics€of€the€sources€within€the€subcategory€which€would€be€associated€withÏreduced€HAP€emissions.€€In€this€instance,€for€each€of€the€fuel€specific€subcategories€within€leanÏpremix€turbines,€EPA€has€determined€that€the€only€measure€which€would€materially€reduce€HAPÏemissions€is€the€installation€of€an€oxidation€catalyst.€€This€technology€is€not€utilized€by€theÏaverage€source€for€the€existing€source€MACT€floor€determination,€but€it€is€utilized€by€the€bestÏcontrolled€similar€source.€€Even€if€EPA€was€to€determine€that€the€use€of€lean€premix€technologyÏalone€was€a€valid€basis€for€a€standard,€the€standard€must€still€be€expressed€in€quantitative€termsÏ(as€a€percentage€of€control€or€a€level€of€emissions)€rather€than€as€a€type€of€technology,€unlessÏEPA€makes€the€determination€required€for€a€design,€equipment,€work€practice,€or€operationalÏstandard€under€CAA€section€112(h).€Ð t+Ä&* ЀÌà  àò òòòóóIV.B.8ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€remarked€that€for€MACT,€EPAððs€rejection€ofÐ œì Ðpotential€control€technologies€that€might€be€applied,€including€wet€scrubbers,€dry€scrubbers,€andÏactivated€carbon,€without€even€considering€them€is€arbitrary,€capricious,€and€unlawful.€€TheÏEPAððs€argument€that€a€greater€degree€of€reduction€could€not€be€achieved€through€the€use€of€cleanÏfuels€is€unlawful,€arbitrary,€and€capricious.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenter€that€the€effect€of€the€choice€of€naturalÐ ( x Ðgas€or€fuel€oil€on€the€composition€of€HAP€emissions€is€significant,€and€EPA€has€thereforeÏsubcategorized€further€within€both€lean€premix€and€diffusion€flame€turbines€based€on€which€ofÏthese€fuels€is€used.€€The€EPA€is€not€aware€of€any€data€indicating€that€HAP€emissions€could€beÏconsistently€reduced€by€selection€of€particular€clean€fuels€within€these€general€fuel€groups.€€AsÏfor€the€other€novel€emission€control€technologies€to€which€the€commenter€refers,€EPA€does€notÏbelieve€that€these€technologies€are€in€use€on€any€combustion€turbine€and€EPA€does€not€considerÏany€sources€utilizing€such€controls€to€be€similar€sources.€€Moreover,€EPA€is€unable€based€onÏavailable€information€to€determine€that€these€technologies€would€be€both€efficacious€and€costÏeffective€in€reducing€HAP€emissions€from€combustion€turbines.€€Ì€Ìà  àòòóóò òIV.B.9ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(440)€expressed€the€view€that€EPAððs€decision€not€toÐ Lœ Ðset€ð ðbeyond„the„floorðð€emission€limitations€is€permissible.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenter€that€its€decision€not€to€set€ð ðbeyond„the„Ð d Ðfloorðð€emission€limitations€is€permissible.ÌÌòòC.à0  àMACT€Floor€and€MACT€for€Other€SubcategoriesóóÐØ((#(# ÐÌà  àò òIV.C.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€remarked€that€for€existing€emergency,€limitedÐ ° Ðuse,€landfill€or€digester€gas€fired,€and€less€than€1€MW€units,€EPA€did€not€set€a€floor€that€reflectsÏthe€emission€levels€that€the€best€performing€sources€actually€achieved.€€The€EPA€has€notÏidentified€the€relevant€best€performing€sources€and€has€not€determined€the€average€emissionÏlimitation€achieved€by€such€sources,€therefore€EPAððs€floors€for€these€sources€is€unlawful.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€noted€in€the€response€to€comment€I.C.1.1,€EPA€has€not€decided€toÐ <"Œ  Ðestablish€a€limited€use€subcategory.€€For€the€emergency,€landfill€or€digester€gas€fired,€and€lessÏthan€1€MW€subcategories,€EPA€has€not€identified€any€adjustments€or€other€operationalÏmodifications€that€would€materially€reduce€emissions€by€these€units€and€EPA€has€determined€thatÏno€add„on€controls€are€presently€in€use.€€In€these€circumstances,€EPA€believes€that€it€hasÏappropriately€established€the€floors€for€these€sources€as€no€emission€reduction.Ìà  àÌà  àòòóóò òIV.C.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€said€that€for€new€emergency,€limited€use,Ð °($' Ðlandfill€or€digester€gas€fired,€and€less€than€1€MW€units,€the€floor€is€unlawful€because€EPA€did€notÏidentify€the€single€best€controlled€source€in€any€of€these€subcategories€and€did€not€set€floorsÏreflecting€such€sourceððs€actual€performance.€€The€floors€are€arbitrary€and€capricious€because€EPAÐ x+È&* Ðdid€not€explain€how€its€ð ðno€emissions€reductionsðð€floor€satisfies€the€CAA.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€noted€in€the€response€to€comment€I.C.1.1,€EPA€has€not€decided€toÐ ˆØ Ðestablish€a€limited€use€subcategory.€€For€the€emergency,€landfill€or€digester€gas€fired,€and€lessÏthan€1€MW€subcategories,€EPA€has€not€identified€any€adjustments€or€operational€modificationsÏthat€would€materially€reduce€emissions€by€these€units€and€EPA€has€determined€that€no€add„onÏcontrols€are€presently€in€use.€€The€EPA€also€has€determined€because€of€the€specificÏcharacteristics€of€turbines€in€these€subcategories€that€the€turbines€in€other€subcategories€thatÏutilize€add„on€controls€are€not€similar€sources.€€In€these€circumstances,€EPA€believes€that€it€hasÏappropriately€determined€that€the€new€source€MACT€floor€for€these€subcategories€should€also€beÏno€emission€reduction.Ì€Ìà  àòòóóò òIV.C.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€contended€that€EPAððs€rejection€of€beyond€theÐ À  Ðfloor€standards€for€new€emergency,€limited€use,€landfill€or€digester€gas€fired,€and€less€than€1€MWÏunits€is€arbitrary€and€capricious.€€The€EPA€does€not€state€the€cost€of€applying€any€controlÏtechnology€or€indicate€the€quantity€of€the€HAPs€that€would€be€reduced.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€believes€that€the€record€includes€analysis€demonstrating€that€it€is€notÐ `° Ðcost€effective€to€require€HAP€controls€for€turbines€in€instances€where€no€similar€source€hasÏinstalled€such€controls.€Ìà  àÌà  àò òIV.C.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(440)€noted€that€for€emergency€and€limited€use€units,Ð ` Ðthe€determination€that€MACT€floor€is€no€emission€reduction€is€lawful€because€EPA€determinedÏthat€the€best„performing€source€were€not€achieving€emissions€reduction€through€the€use€of€anÏemission€control€system€and€there€were€no€other€methods€by€which€CTs€could€reduce€HAPÏemissionsÔ‡ôû¡õXX”6Ô.Ô#†X”6Xõôû¡˜<#ÔÐ Ä ÐÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenterððs€support€is€acknowledged€by€EPA.Ð œì ЀÌà  àòòóóò òIV.C.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(440)€said€that€EPAððs€decision€not€to€set€ð ðbeyond„Ð tÄ Ðthe„floorðð€emission€limitations€is€permissible€for€stationary€CTs€combusting€digester€or€landfillÏgas.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenterððs€support€is€acknowledged€by€EPA.Ð (#x! ÐÌòòD.à0  àOtheróóÐ%P #(#(# ÐÌà  àò òIV.D.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(421)€urged€EPA€not€to€impose€limits€and/orÐ Ø&("% Ðcontrols€on€existing€or€new€stationary€gas€CTs€if€EPA€does€not€delist€them.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenter€did€not€give€any€rationale€for€this€suggestion.€€The€EPA€isÐ  )ð$( Ðrequired€by€the€CAA€to€set€MACT€standards€for€these€units.̀Рx+È&* Ðà  àò òIV.D.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€said€that€EPAððs€proposal€is€unlawful€becauseÐ ° ÐEPA€must€set€standards€for€each€listed€HAP.€€Oxidation€catalyst€control€devices€do€not€controlÏmany€of€the€HAPs€that€CT€emit,€for€example€metals.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:òòóó€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€that€it€is€required€to€establish€a€discrete€standard€forÐ d´ Ðeach€listed€HAP.€€However,€EPA€does€agree€that€each€listed€HAP€must€be€separately€consideredÏby€EPA,€both€in€determining€the€MACT€floors€and€in€establishing€the€emission€standards€forÏeach€subcategory.€€If€emissions€of€a€particular€HAP€are€relatively€homogenous€for€a€particularÏsubcategory,€and€there€are€no€adjustments€or€operational€modifications€except€for€add„onÏcontrols€which€would€reduce€emissions€of€that€HAP,€the€MACT€floor€and€the€emission€standardÏfor€that€HAP€may€be€expressed€as€a€level€of€emission€reduction€corresponding€to€the€efficacy€ofÏadd„on€controls.€€Moreover,€if€the€data€demonstrate€that€control€of€emissions€of€a€particular€HAPÏis€a€suitable€surrogate€for€control€of€emissions€of€a€group€of€listed€HAP,€EPA€may€appropriatelyÏset€the€standard€in€terms€of€a€level€of€emission€reduction€or€an€emission€level€for€that€particularÏHAP.ÌÌà  àIn€establishing€new€source€standards€for€certain€subcategories,€EPA€determined€thatÏformaldehyde€is€an€appropriate€surrogate€for€the€other€organic€HAP€which€are€also€controlled€byÏan€oxidation€catalyst.€€While€use€of€an€oxidation€catalyst€does€not€control€the€metallic€HAPÏwhich€are€emitted€by€turbines€burning€distillate€oil,€there€are€no€combustion€turbines€or€similarÏsources€utilizing€other€technologies€to€control€metallic€HAP.€€Moreover,€EPA€does€not€believe€itÏwould€be€practical€or€cost€effective€to€require€control€of€these€metallic€HAP,€and€therefore€theÏfloor€and€the€standard€for€each€metallic€HAP€was€appropriately€set€at€no€emission€reduction.€ÌÌà  àòòóóò òIV.D.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€stated€that€EPA€should€interpret€òòNational€LimeÐ Ô$ ÐIIóó€as€requiring€it€to€set€emission€standards€only€for€those€HAPs€emitted,€or€at€most,€reasonablyÐ Ä Ðexpected€to€be€emitted€by€units€in€the€source€category.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenter.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àòòóóò òIV.D.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(472)€noted€that€EPAððs€floors€must€reflect€theÐ ` ° Ðaverage€emission€levels€achieved€by€the€relevant€best€sources.€€Thus,€even€if€some€of€the€relevantÏbest€sources€are€not€using€any€control€device,€the€agency€must€average€their€performance€withÏthat€of€the€relevant€best€sources€that€are€using€a€control€device.€€That€some€of€the€relevant€bestÏperformers€are€not€using€an€end„of„stack€control€technology€does€not€allow€EPA€to€discount€theÏperformance€of€other€best€performers€that€are€using€such€technology.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€with€the€premise€of€this€commenter€that€the€existingÐ Ø&("% Ðsource€MACT€floor€(the€average€emission€limitation€achieved€by€the€best€performing€12€percentÏof€existing€sources€or€the€best€performing€5€existing€sources€in€subcategories€with€fewer€than€30Ïsources)€must€be€calculated€by€determining€the€arithmetic€average€of€the€emission€limitationsÏachieved€individually€by€each€of€these€sources.€€The€EPA€has€consistently€construed€the€statuteÏto€permit€EPA€to€determine€the€average€emission€limitation€by€selecting€the€median€facilityÐ t+Ä&* Ðamong€the€best€performing€12€percent€or€5€existing€sources.€€The€EPA€thinks€this€well„¼established€construction€of€the€statute€is€reasonable,€because€an€arithmetic€average€will€quiteÏoften€not€coincide€with€the€level€of€emission€reduction€that€has€been€achieved€in€practice€by€anyÏreal€facility.€€The€EPA€does€not€think€it€is€appropriate€to€establish€an€existing€source€MACT€floorÏwhich€may€not€be€achievable€by€most€of€the€sources€from€which€it€was€derived.€€Nor€does€EPAÏthink€it€is€required€to€set€a€standard€which€is€less€stringent€than€most€of€the€sources€from€which€itÏis€derived€are€achieving.€€Use€of€the€emission€limitation€achieved€by€the€median€facility€avoidsÏthese€problems.€Ì€Ìà  àò òIV.D.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€expressed€the€view€that€EPA€is€on€firm€groundÐ ü L  Ðcontrolling€and€measuring€a€surrogate€for€HAPs€as€long€as€it€can€show€the€barest€of€correlation.€ÏThe€EPA€can€require€direct€control€and€measurement€of€a€HAP€or€use€surrogate€control.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenterððs€support€is€acknowledged€by€EPA.Ð °  Ðà  àÌà  àòòóóò òIV.D.6ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€had€the€opinion€that€EPA€still€retains€theÐ ˆØ  Ðauthority€to€discover€what€the€best€performers€achieve€and€how€they€achieve€it€as€part€of€theirÏfloor€analysis.€€If€that€methodology€is€reproducible€by€others,€then€it€is€a€legitimate€basis€for€theÏMACT€floor€standards.€€The€EPA€is€not€required€to€use€an€ð ðemissions„basedðð€approach.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenterððs€support€is€acknowledged€by€EPA.Ð (x ЀÌà  àò òIV.D.7ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€noted€that€EPA€has€the€authority€to€determineÐ P Ðthat€the€floor€is€no€control.€€Section€112(d)€requires€EPA€to€discover€what€the€best€performersÏachieve€and€how€they€achieve€it€as€part€of€their€floor€analysis.€€If€the€methodology€is€notÏreproducible€by€others€then€the€emissions€achieved€by€the€least€HAP€emitting€source€is€subject€toÏthe€same€variability€as€any€other€source€in€the€category.€€Consequently€there€is€no€activity€that€theÏð ðbest€performersðð€are€conducting€that€can€be€duplicated€by€the€other€ð ðlesserðð€performers€in€theÏcategory€to€achieve€a€specified€limit.€€Therefore€a€floor€based€on€what€the€best€performersÏachieve€is€impossible€to€set,€and€a€ð ðno€controlðð€floor€is€appropriate.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenterððs€support€is€acknowledged€by€EPA.Ð P!  Ðà  àÌà  àòòóóò òIV.D.8ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€observed€that€in€the€òòCKRCóó€case,€the€court€didÐ (#x! Ðnot€address€EPAððs€duty€to€consider€reproducibility€by€others€in€the€source€category.€€If€anotherÏsource€is€physically€unable€to€replicate€what€the€best€performers€do,€EPA€could€consider€the€floorÏdetermination€inapplicable€because€it€is€not€representative€of€that€category€and€therefore€not€aÏð ðsimilar€source.ððÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenter.Ð ´($' ЀÌà  àòòóóò òIV.D.9ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€stated€that€EPA€can€establish€the€MACT€floorÐ Œ*Ü%) Ðbased€on€work€practice€standards.Ð |+Ì&* Їà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€that€work€practice€standards€can€be€established,€but€is€usuallyÐ ° Ðonly€done€when€it€is€not€possible€to€set€an€emission€limitation,€which€is€not€the€case€for€this€rule.ÌÌÌò òV.à0  àEMISSION€LIMITATIONSó óÐ`°(#(# ÐÌòòA.à0  àFormaldehydeóóÐ8 ˆ(#(# ÐÌà  àò òV.A.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Twenty„three€commenters€(418,€421,€422,€424,€425,€426,€427,€430,Ð  ` Ð431,€435,€436,€437,€442,€443,€449,€460,€475,€479,€482,€505,€508,€509,€519)€took€issue€with€theÏdata€used€to€set€the€formaldehyde€emission€limitation.€€The€commenters€noted€that€the€testÏreports€used€to€set€the€limit€used€two€different€test€methods€and€that€the€limit€was€based€on€onlyÏfive€data€points€and€therefore€does€not€reflect€a€level€of€performance€that€is€achievable€for€allÏsources.€€Commenter€443€said€that€EPA€has€not€provided€enough€data€to€know€definitively€whatÏthe€standard€should€be.€€Commenter€460€stated€that€EPA€must€obtain€additional€informationÏbefore€it€can€set€a€floor.€€ÌÌà  àThe€commenters€also€had€concerns€about€possible€errors€in€the€test€reports€that€are€theÏsource€of€the€emissions€data€used€to€set€the€formaldehyde€emission€limitation.€€Commenter€437Ïsaid€that€close€examination€of€the€five€reports€uncovers€questions€regarding€the€actual€testÏprocedures,€comparability,€data€reduction€and€data€reporting€that€should€be€revisited€beforeÏfinalizing€the€formaldehyde€concentration€limit.€€All€five€reports€appear€to€have€calculation€errorsÏand/or€other€data€quality€issues€that€significantly€affect€the€reported€formaldehyde€concentration,Ïthe€comparability€of€the€results€because€different€test€methods€were€used,€and/or€uncertaintyÏassociated€with€the€average€result.€€Commenter€449€also€reviewed€the€five€tests€used€to€set€theÏstandard€and€found€that€all€of€the€five€tests€used€do€not€present€valid€quantitative€results;Ïtherefore,€data€from€these€tests€may€not€be€used€to€establish€a€quantitative€emission€standard€forÏformaldehyde€emissions€from€LPC€CTs.€€ÌÌà  àOne€commenter€(430)€said€that€CARB€430€may€report€anomalously€low€formaldehydeÏemissions;€therefore,€the€standard€may€be€too€stringent€and€unachievable€in€practice.€€TwoÏcommenters€(435,€460)€questioned€whether€the€CARB€430€data€used€to€develop€the€standardÏfollowed€CARB€method€requirements.€€One€commenter€(437)€believed€that€the€results€from€allÏtests€used€to€determine€the€MACT€floor€should€be€recalculated€using€CARB€430€procedures€soÏthe€data€can€be€justifiably€compared.€€The€results€should€also€be€recalculated€using€the€AmericanÏSociety€of€Mechanical€Engineers€measurement€uncertainty€analysis€procedure.€€The€EPA€shouldÏthen€use€these€results€for€establishing€the€formaldehyde€concentration€limit.€€The€commenterÏestimated€that€an€enforceable€formaldehyde€concentration€limit€should€be€in€the€range€ofÏapproximately€100€to€500€ppb.Ìà  àÌà  àOne€commenter€(449)€said€that€a€single€emission€test€does€not€fully€reflect€the€variabilityÏthat€will€be€seen€by€the€best€performing€source€employing€any€technology.€€The€EPA€shouldÏproperly€assess€variability€that€may€be€experienced€by€the€best€performing€sources€under€theÐ l+¼&* Ðworst€foreseeable€conditions€that€are€expected€to€recur.€€Emission€testing€conducted€by€theÏcommenter€in€conjunction€with€the€Gas€Turbine€Institute€indicates€that€43€ppb€is€not€achievableÏfor€small€industrial€and€aeroderivative€turbines.€€This€is€also€demonstrated€by€emission€testingÏthat€the€Wyoming€Department€of€Environmental€Quality€intends€to€submit€to€EPA.€€TheÏcommenter€also€contended€that€pooling€the€emissions€data€for€large€General€Electric€LPC€unitsÏwith€emission€data€for€small€industrial€and€aeroderivative€turbines€fails€to€recognize€the€inherentÏtechnical€differences€between€these€two€classes€of€LPC€CTs.€€The€EPA€should€consider€a€MACTÏfloor€analysis€for€small€units€based€on€emission€test€data€that€properly€represents€the€bestÏperforming€sources€within€that€subcategory.€€Preliminary€analysis€for€smallÏindustrial/aeroderivative€units€demonstrates€that€emissions€from€70€„€500€ppb€have€beenÏreported.ÌÌà  àSeveral€commenters€suggested€a€revised€level€for€the€emission€limitation.€€OneÏcommenter€(479)€said€that€EPA€must€revise€the€limit€upward€to€at€least€63€ppb.€€TwoÏcommenters€(443,€475)€stated€that€additional€formaldehyde€data€suggests€that€EPA€shouldÏconsider€setting€the€emission€standard€to€90€ppbvd€given€the€tremendous€variability€in€the€fewÏmeasurements€that€are€available.€€One€commenter€(505)€submitted€a€summary€table€of€data€forÏnine€tests€conducted€on€LPC€CTs;€the€test€results€show€a€variability€between€high€and€low€loadsÏof€34€percent,€also€six€out€of€nine€tests€were€above€43€ppb.ÌÌà  àOne€commenter€(421)€said€that€EPA€should€consider€postponing€promulgation€untilÏissues€related€to€the€data€quality€are€fully€resolved.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€As€stated€in€the€response€to€comment€IV.A.2,€EPA€had€limited€emissions€dataÐ ä4 Ðfor€stationary€combustion€turbines€at€proposal.€€Due€to€the€limited€amount€of€emissions€data€EPAÏhad€at€proposal,€EPA€requested€HAP€emissions€test€data€from€stationary€combustion€turbines€inÏthe€proposed€rule.€€As€a€result€of€this€request,€EPA€received€new€data€in€the€form€of€several€testÏreports€during€the€comment€period€and€has€more€than€doubled€its€total€data€set.€€Data€wereÏreceived€for€both€diffusion€flame€and€lean€premix€turbines.€€New€test€reports€received€includedÏmany€tests€conducted€using€FTIR;€at€proposal€EPA€did€not€have€any€emissions€data€conductedÏusing€FTIR.€€Therefore,€EPAððs€data€set€has€been€significantly€improved,€both€quantitatively€andÏqualitatively.€€ÌÌà  àAs€a€result€of€comments€received€during€the€comment€period,€EPA€performed€anÏextensive€review€of€tests€used€at€proposal€and€new€tests€received€during€the€comment€period.€€AÏscreening€analysis€of€the€formaldehyde€test€data€for€diffusion€flame€combustor€turbines€wasÏconducted.€€Tests€conducted€using€CARB€430€were€evaluated€due€to€the€CARB€advisory€issuedÏApril€28,€2000,€which€stated€that€formaldehyde€data€measured€by€CARB€430€where€the€NOxÏemissions€were€greater€than€50€ppm€should€be€flagged€as€non„quantitative.€€Tests€where€the€NOxÏemissions€were€greater€than€50€ppm€or€tests€where€the€NOx€levels€were€unknown€were€excludedÏfrom€EPAððs€analysis.€€Most€of€the€diffusion€flame€tests€in€the€Emissions€Database€were€unable€toÏpass€the€screening.€€The€tests€unable€to€pass€the€screening€were€not€equipped€with€add„on€controlÏfor€the€reduction€of€HAPs.€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àThe€remaining€test€reports€were€further€analyzed€and€reviewed€to€ensure€the€methodsÏwere€used€correctly€in€calculating€and€reporting€formaldehyde€concentrations€and€to€check€thatÏproper€QA/QC€procedures€were€followed.€€A€number€of€errors€were€found€in€the€test€reportsÏwhere€CARB€430€was€used€to€quantify€formaldehyde€concentrations.€€In€several€instances€theÏCARB€430€reporting€protocol€was€not€followed.€€If€the€analytical€concentration€is€less€than€fiveÏtimes€the€average€field€blank,€then€CARB€430€uses€five€times€the€field€blank€as€the€reportedÏresult€to€correct€for€interferences€or€contaminants€that€can€react€with€the€formaldehyde€orÏdinitrophenylhydrazine€to€yield€negative€bias.€€However,€many€test€reports€did€not€reportÏformaldehyde€concentrations€in€this€fashion.€€The€formaldehyde€concentrations€were€thereforeÏrecalculated€where€the€CARB€430€reporting€protocol€was€not€followed€correctly.€€GeneralÏElectric€(GE)€proposed€a€method€for€blank€correcting€in€their€comments€on€the€proposedÏNESHAP€for€stationary€combustion€turbines.€€A€copy€of€GEððs€comments€can€be€obtained€fromÏEPAððs€Edocket€Website€as€Document€ID€Number€OAR„2002„0060„0435.€€The€EPA€evaluatedÏformaldehyde€emissions€estimated€using€both€blank€correction€procedures€(CARB€430€reportingÏprotocol€and€proposed€GE€method),€however,€EPA€chose€the€CARB€430€protocol€because€itsÏresults€are€closer€to€FTIR€(considered€the€most€accurate€method)€and€the€correlations€to€FTIR€forÏboth€protocols€were€similar.€ÌÌà  àNo€errors€were€found€in€test€reports€which€used€FTIR€to€measure€formaldehydeÏconcentrations€in€the€stationary€combustion€turbine€exhaust.€€The€reported€formaldehydeÏconcentrations€were€representative€of€stationary€combustion€turbines€and€the€measured€QA/QCÏparameters€were€within€acceptable€limits€as€set€in€the€method.€€ÌÌòòóóà  àThe€EPA€agrees€that€CARB€430€generally€understates€the€formaldehyde€concentration€inÐ ä4 Ðthe€exhaust€gas€from€stationary€combustion€turbines.€€Since€EPA€Method€0011€is€a€similarÏmethod€to€CARB€430,€it€is€believed€that€Method€0011€also€understates€the€emissions€ofÏformaldehyde.€€The€EPA€feels€that€FTIR€is€a€more€accurate€and€reliable€method.€€Several€testÏreports€were€received€during€the€comment€period€on€recent€testing€on€small€lean€premixÏcombustion€turbines€which€used€both€CARB€430€and€FTIR€to€measure€formaldehyde€emissions.€ÏAn€analysis€was€conducted€to€correlate€formaldehyde€concentrations€measured€by€CARB€430Ïand€formaldehyde€concentrations€measured€by€FTIR.€€A€linear€regression€was€performed€on€theÏCARB€430€and€FTIR€formaldehyde€data€from€these€tests€which€gave€a€slope€of€1.667€with€aÏcorrelation€coefficient€of€0.561.€€Therefore,€EPA€concluded€that€CARB€430€formaldehyde€resultsÏare€on€average€1.7€times€lower€than€FTIR€formaldehyde€results.€€To€account€for€the€differences€inÏthe€methods,€a€bias€factor€of€1.7€was€applied€to€the€CARB€430€and€Method€0011€formaldehydeÏemissions€data€to€make€these€data€comparable€to€FTIR.ÌÌà  àAs€a€result€of€a€complete€data€review€including€emissions€data€EPA€had€at€proposal€andÏnew€emissions€data€EPA€received€during€the€comment€period,€EPA€currently€has€a€very€differentÏdata€set€as€compared€to€what€it€had€at€proposal.€€For€example,€the€amount€of€data€for€LPC€unitsÏincreased,€while€the€amount€of€data€for€DFC€units€decreased.€€The€new€data€set€includes€moreÏemissions€data€on€smaller€units€as€compared€to€the€data€set€at€proposal.€€As€discussed€in€theÏresponses€to€comments€IV.A.2€and€IV.B.1,€the€new€data€set€was€used€to€determine€the€MACTÐ h+¸&* ÐFloors.€€For€new€LPC€gas„fired€units€and€new€LPC€oil„fired€units,€a€formaldehyde€emissionÏlimitation€of€91€ppb€was€established€for€the€MACT€Floor.€€It€is€believed€that€this€emissionÏlimitation€will€be€achievable€for€both€small€and€large€size€CTs.€€The€EPA€considered€establishingÏseparate€subcategories€by€size€but€found€that€there€was€little€difference€among€the€bestÏperforming€small€and€large€units.€€The€best€performing€large€LPC€unit€was€controlled€by€anÏoxidation€catalyst€and€had€formaldehyde€emissions€of€19€and€91€ppb.€€The€best€performing€smallÏLPC€unit€(<€25€MW)€had€uncontrolled€formaldehyde€emissions€of€68€ppb,€which€is€within€theÏrange€of€emissions€for€the€large€LPC€unit.€€ÌÌà  àThe€EPA€believes€that€it€has€adequately€considered€the€variability€in€emissions€by€theÏbest€performing€source.€€The€EPA€has€emissions€data€for€two€tests€for€the€best€performingÏturbine€in€the€LPC€gas„fired€turbines€subcategory;€the€formaldehyde€emissions€varied€by€a€factorÏof€4.8€between€the€two€tests.€€Since€both€tests€were€performed€under€similar€conditions€but€atÏdifferent€times,€they€represent€the€variability€of€the€best€performing€unit.€€The€MACT€floor€forÏthis€subcategory€was€set€based€on€the€higher€formaldehyde€measurement,€thus€the€variability€ofÏthe€best€performing€unit€has€been€accounted€for.€€Similar€variability€factors€were€applied€for€theÏother€subcategories.€à ¸ à€Ð pÀ Ðà  àÌà  àòòóóò òV.A.2ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(488)€requested€that€a€mass€based€emission€limit€beÐ H˜ Ðincluded€as€an€alternative€to€the€concentration€based€standard€for€LPC€CTs.€€Two€commentersÏ(424,€427)€recommended€that€EPA€add€a€formaldehyde€ton€per€year€emission€limit€alternative.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€The€EPA€does€not€agree€with€the€commenters.€€As€stated€in€the€preamble,€aÐ üL Ðvolume€concentration€was€chosen€for€the€emission€limitation€because€it€can€be€measured€directlyÏand€is€clearly€related€to€the€performance€of€the€HAP€reduction€technology.€Ì€Ìà  àòòóóò òV.A.3ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(443)€stated€that€LPC€units€that€do€not€meet€theÐ ¬ü Ðformaldehyde€standard€but€are€in€compliance€with€the€NOòòxóó€limit€should€not€be€required€to€installÐ œì Ðadditional€controls.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€that€units€that€are€not€meeting€the€formaldehydeÐ ` ° Ðemission€limitation€should€not€be€required€to€install€additional€controls.€€Our€analysis€of€theÏMACT€Floor€shows€that€the€best€performing€LPC€unit€is€equipped€with€add„on€HAP€emissionÏcontrol.€€Ìà  àÌà  àòòóóò òV.A.4ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Three€commenters€(421,€424,€502)€contended€that€a€contradictionÐ ü$L # Ðexists€between€the€proposed€formaldehyde€standards€of€17,000€ppb€for€RICE€and€43€ppb€forÏCTs.€€Commenter€421€stated€that€the€CT€rule€would€discourage€owners€to€acquire€clean€burningÏturbines,€promoting€reduced€air€quality.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€is€required€to€regulate€stationary€combustion€turbines€and€to€setÐ œ)ì$( ÐMACT€according€to€the€provisions€set€forth€in€the€CAA.€€The€emission€standards€for€otherÏMACT€rules€do€not€have€any€relevance€when€setting€MACT€for€stationary€combustion€turbines.€€Ð t+Ä&* ЀÌà  àò òV.A.5ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(424)€requested€that€the€standard€value€be€stated€inÐ œì Ðthe€same€units€of€measurement€of€similar€formaldehyde€combustion€source€standards,€e.g.€RICE,Ïfor€ease€of€comparison.€€The€commenter€asked€that€any€formaldehyde€emission€level€in€the€finalÏrule€be€denoted€in€ppm€units€rather€than€ppb.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€believes€that€it€is€not€necessary€to€state€the€emission€limitation€in€theÐ < Œ Ðsame€units€of€measurement€as€other€combustion€source€standards.€€The€EPA€believes€that€ppb€isÏthe€most€appropriate€unit€for€this€standard;€units€are€not€selected€on€the€basis€of€ease€ofÏcomparison€with€other€standards.Ìà  àÌà  àò òV.A.6ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(436)€expressed€the€opinion€that€the€formaldehydeÐ Ø(  Ðemission€limitation€could€increase€the€use€of€diffusion„flame€turbines€and€RICE,€resulting€inÏsubstantial€increase€in€emissions.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€does€not€agree€that€the€formaldehyde€emission€limitation€wouldÐ ŒÜ  Ðincrease€the€use€of€DFC€CTs€and€RICE.€€The€commenter€did€not€provide€any€clarifyingÏinformation€to€explain€why€the€use€of€DFC€CTs€would€be€increased.€€New€DFC€units€are€subjectÏto€this€rule€and€have€emission€limitations;€the€EPA€has€also€proposed€a€NESHAP€for€stationaryÏRICE€which€includes€similar€requirements€to€this€rule,€i.e.€formaldehyde€limits.€€Therefore€thereÏwould€be€no€incentive€to€use€these€units€instead€of€LPC€units.€€In€addition,€limitations€for€otherÏpollutants,€such€as€NOx,€are€also€a€factor.€€€Ì€Ìà  àòòóóò òV.A.7ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(436)€observed€that€variations€in€atmosphericÐ ì< Ðmethane€can€result€in€variation€in€formaldehyde€levels€that€exceed€the€proposed€level€of€43Ïppbvd.€ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€agrees€with€the€commenter€that€atmospheric€levels€of€formaldehydeÐ  ð Ðcould€be€as€high€as€43€ppbvd.€€However,€EPA€believes€that€any€ambient€formaldehyde€would€beÏcombusted€in€the€turbine€and€would€have€little€effect€on€the€stack€levels€of€formaldehyde.Ìà  àÌà  àòòóóò òV.A.8ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(417)€stated€that€the€43€ppbvd€limit€should€beÐ P!  Ðchanged€to€25€ppbvd€because€EPA€did€not€consider€data€provided€to€the€CT€MACT€Work€GroupÏon€tests€performed€on€CTs€using€two€different€emission€control€technologies€that€resulted€inÏsubstantially€lower€formaldehyde€and€HAP€emissions.€€According€to€the€commenter,€bothÏtechnologies€demonstrated€the€ability€to€guarantee€formaldehyde€emissions€of€less€than€25Ïppbvd.€€Therefore,€EPA€should€consider€the€HAP€advantages€provided€by€these€controlÏtechnologies€when€determining€the€formaldehyde€limit.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€commenter€did€not€provide€any€details€about€whether€these€technologiesÐ ´($' Ðare€commercially€available€and€if€they€can€be€retrofit€on€existing€units.€€Without€any€informationÏregarding€the€feasibility€and€availability€of€these€control€technologies,€EPA€is€unable€to€addressÏthe€concern€directly.€€As€a€result,€EPA€is€not€changing€the€NESHAP€in€response€to€this€comment.Ð x+È&* ЀÌà  àò òV.A.9ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(502)€remarked€that€the€formaldehyde€limit€is€notÐ œì Ðjustified€considering€the€relatively€small€risks€associated€with€the€HAPs€being€emitted€by€the€CTÏcategory.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€Risk€is€not€a€consideration€in€establishing€emission€standards€under€CAAÐ P   Ðsection€112,€except€in€those€limited€instances€where€an€alternate€standard€for€a€thresholdÏpollutant€can€be€established€pursuant€to€CAA€section€112(d)(4).€Ìà  àÌà  àò òV.A.10ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€One€commenter€(435)€requested€that€the€rule€allow€the€EPAÐ  P  ÐAdministrator€to€enter€into€agreements€with€a€manufacturer€of€lean€pre„mix€combustion€turbinesÏto€certify€as€compliant€with€the€43€ppb€formaldehyde€standard€each€model€or€other€class€ofÏturbine€that€its€testing€demonstrates€meets€the€standard.€€Notice€of€each€proposed€agreementÏcould€be€published€in€the€Federal€Register,€with€an€opportunity€for€public€comment€prior€toÏfinalization€of€the€agreement.ÌÌà  àòòResponseóó:€€The€EPA€believes€that€performance€testing€and€continuous€parametricÐ xÈ Ðmonitoring€is€a€better€method€to€determine€continuous€compliance€than€a€one„time€factory€test.€ÏThe€EPA€therefore€does€not€agree€with€the€commenter.Ì€ÌòòB.à0  àCOóóÐ(x(#(# ÐÌà  àò òV.B.1ó ó€€òòCommentóó:€€Twenty„seven€commenters€(412,€418,€419,€420,€421,€422,€424,€425,Ð P Ð426,€427,€430,€431,€437,€440,€442,€443,€444,€445,€446,€449,€460,€475,€479,€484,€502,€508,€509)Ïurged€EPA€to€revise€the€CO€emission€limitation€of€95€percent€reduction€because€it€does€notÏrepresent€actual€emission€reductions€achievable€by€oxidation€catalysts€since€it€is€based€solely€onÏtwo€tests€from€a€catalyst€vendor,€and€it€does€not€account€for€variability€in€catalyst€performance.€ÏThe€commenters€also€noted€that€catalysts€may€not€achieve€the€same€level€of€CO€reduction€forÏmultiple€years€and€recommended€that€the€rule€provides€for€potential€long„term€degradation€ofÏcatalyst€performance€in€practical€turbine€applications.ÌÌà  àThree€commenters€(424,€427,€449)€said€that€it€is€inappropriate€for€EPA€to€rely€onÏemissions€data€for€the€SCONOòòxóó€(EMòòxóóòòGTóó)€system€to€establish€the€emission€performance€achievedÐ <"Œ  Ðby€traditional,€passive€oxidation€catalysts.€€One€commenter€(430)€questioned€whether€theÏreductions€reported€by€the€catalyst€vendor€have€been€achieved€in€practice€by€an€operating€CTÏowned€and€operated€independent€of€the€vendor.€€Two€commenters€(430,€449)€observed€that€theÏSCONOòòxóó€catalyst€operates€in€temperature€range€of€300€„€700ð$ðF,€consequently€a€heat€exchangerÐ ì%