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(n$ (  1  ) )!dxdx( $ Figure  1   !  _N X!WN   ,5  X? '$!dE$!?!Xec X!W   4    <     EmissionsMeasurementCenter  GuidelineDocument      A )$!dE$!A(ThisisadraftrevisiontotheguidelinedocumentGD008.Thealternativetestingproceduresand ` acceptancecriteriaintheguidelinearebasedongeneralgasflowtheoriesandpracticesandare L  supportedbylittlerealfieldexperience.TheEMCrequestsyourreviewandcommentonthe 8  proceduresthoseinvolvingsamplingdirectlyinareasofnonaxialflow.Ofparticularinterestwould $ t beresultsoftestsforwhichtheseorsimilarprocedureswereappliedandthatwecouldusetoverify  ` ormodifytheguideline.Please,emailyourcommentstowestlin.peter@epa.gov.)  L    ParticulateEmissionsSamplinginCyclonicFlow  $    Summary    Particulateemissionssamplinginstacksorductswithcyclonicorothernonaxialflowpatternspresents   significantproblemsinobtainingrepresentativemeasurementsofconcentrationsandflowrates.Sections2.4 p and2.5ofMethod1(40CFRpart60,appendixA)describeproceduresandcriteriaforverifyingtheabsence \ ofcyclonicorothernonaxialflowpatterns(i.e.,notparalleltothestackorductaxis).Thepurposeofthis H guidelineistoprovideoptionstoconsiderwhentheangularorcyclonicflowconditionsexceedacceptable 4 limitsasdefinedinMethod1.Followingarethreeoptionsanddetailedrecommendationsforaddressingthe  p measurementofparticulateemissionswhencyclonicornonparallelflowpatternsexist.Weintendthatyou  \ prioritizetheseoptionsintheorderthattheyarepresented;thatis,attemptingtosampledirectlyin H conditionsofcyclonicornonaxialflowshouldbethelastresort. 4  Recommendations    1.Findanothersamplinglocation.  Ѐ  Inmanysituations,youmayfindasamplinglocationdownstreamorupstreamoftheoriginallocationthat l exhibitslesscyclonicornonaxialflowtendencies.Forexample,movingfromaductimmediately X  downstreamoftheexitofaventuriscrubberwithacyclonicdemistertoalocationmultipleequivalent D! diametersdownstreamoftheductstackintersectioncanoftensolveacyclonicflowsituation.Youmay 0"  incurextracostinsuchamove(e.g.,newportsandsamplingplatforms);however,thisoptionisoftenless #l! costlyordisruptivetotheprocessoperationandproducesmorereliableemissionsmeasurementdatathanthe $X" otheroptionsdescribedbelow. $D # 2.Installflowstraighteningvanesupstreamofthesamplinglocation. &"% Youmayuseflowstraighteningvanes,suchasaredescribedinFigure5D1ofMethod5D(40CFRpart60, (#' appendixA).Notethatthecriteriaforlocatingthemeasurementsitedownstreamofthestraighteningvanes )$( arebasedontheaverageequivalentdiameterofthestraighteningvaneopeningsratherthanthestack |*%) diameter(section4.1.1,Method5D). h+&*   T,'+: 5 5 5  Alsonotethatstraighteningvanesmaydisrupttheprocessandmayaffectcontrolefficiencybycreatinga    backpressurethatmightchangeflowcharacteristicsupstreamofthevanes.Youmayneedtoexploreother  meanssufficienttostraightengasflow,suchasadditionofstackextensionstangentialtothestackaxis,that   havelesseffectontheprocessorcontroldeviceoperations.Inanycase,youmustcoordinateuseofany   flowdisturbancealternativewiththeplantengineer.   3.Applyamodifiedsamplingprocedure.   Werecommendthefollowingproceduresforsamplingonlywhenotheroptionsasdescribedin1and2above l` arenotavailable.Wepreviouslypublishedguidance(GD008)forapplyingalternativeproceduresfor XL  collectingrepresentativeparticulatemattersamplesfromareaswithnonaxialflow.Amongthemethods D8  recommendedwerethealignmentmethodandthetimeweightedalignmentmethod.Withthepublicationof 0$  newEPAMethods2Fand2G(40CFRpart60,appendixA)andfurtherreviewoftheprinciplesinvolvedin   suchtesting,werecommendarevisiontothoseproceduresfortestinginlocationswithcyclonicflow.The   revisedproceduresinvolvealigningthesamplingnozzlewiththestackorductaxisfornonaxialflowangles   upto50$.Forflowanglesgreaterthan50$,youshouldapplyaflowalignmentmethodinwhichyoualign   thesamplingnozzleinthedirectionoftheflow(yaw)angleandyouadjustthesamplingrateorsampling  timeperpointappropriately.Notethatatestrunmayinvolvedifferentproceduresforsamplingpointswith  flowanglesbothgreaterthanandlessthan50$.  Notethatapplyingsuchsamplingproceduresasanalternativetothosespecifiedinaregulationoran |p operatingpermitrequiresapprovalbytheAdministratorpriortoconductingthetest(seesections60.8(b), h\ 61.13(h),or63.7(f)of40CFRparts60,61,or63,respectively).Notealsothatthecomplexitiesandspecial TH techniquesassociatedwiththesealternativeproceduresaresuchthatonlyexperiencedandwellequipped @4 fieldstaffshouldattemptthisapproach. ,  #XaX X!XecJ#!Xec XXXaThemodifiedsamplingproceduresareasfollows:    (5h83""  ',4XX'25h  a  .3  0    Priortoeachtestrun,conductavelocitytraverseofthestacktoestablishtheangle(s)offlowateach ! samplingpointusingproceduresasdescribedinMethod2F,section8,orMethod2G,section8.Using " theyawandpitchangles,ifavailable,asmeasuredwitheitherMethod2For2G#XaX X!Xec)#!Xec XXXa,calculatetheresultant # angleateachsamplingpointusingequation12ofMethod1.Calculatetheaxialvelocityateach $ samplingpointusingequation2F8or2G6.Usepitotequipmentforthesemeasurementsthatsatisfies %  theQA/QCrequirementsofsections6and10ofMethod2Forsections6and10ofMethod2G,as x&l! appropriate.#XaX X!Xec(#!Xec XXXac݌d'X"%% Ќ  Forsamplingpointswithnonaxialresultantanglesupto50$: <)0!$ ""  25h  b  .3  0    Foreachtestrunfollowingthevelocitytraverse,conducttheparticulatesamplingateachsamplepoint +#& withthenozzleaxisalignedparalleltothestackorductaxis.Eitherremovethepitotfromthesampling ,#' probeorensurethattheimpactpressureopeningplaneofthepitotisatleasttwonozzlediameters ,$( downstreamofthesamplingnozzleopening.Collectthesampleateachpointisokineticallyrelativeto   theaxialvelocity,va,calculatedforthatsamplepointduringtheprerunvelocitytraverse(i.e.,donot  usethevelocityvaluesindicatedbythepitot,ifattachedduringthetestrun).Oneapproachfor   calculatingisokineticsamplingratesistosubstituteanadjustednozzleareaforeachtraversepointin   determiningthesamplingrateusingthenomographreferencedinMethod5(e.g.,APTD0576),orother   isokineticequationprocedure(e.g.,computerprogram).Calculateanadjustednozzlearea,Ana,foreach   samplepointasfollows:݌ %% Ќ  hZ*4$ ` \a ( `.j El (R4(l (h   l`    4 where: s  Anisthemeasuredareaofthenozzle k_  Riistheresultantangleofflowateachsamplingpoint. WK  Forsamplingpointswithnonaxialresultantangles50$andhigher: /#  ""  &25h  c  .3  0    Foreachtestrunfollowingthevelocitytraverse,conductthesamplingisokineticallyateachsampling  pointrotatingthesamplingnozzletopointintothegasflow(i.e.,paralleltothemeasuredyawangle)  andusingthevelocitypressurevaluesinthedirectionofflow(i.e.,yawanglevalues)determinedduring  theprerunvelocitytraverse.&&݌%% Ќ  Foralltestruns:  ""  X)25h  d  .3  0    Foreachtestrun,conductapostrunvelocitytraverseinthesamemannerastheprerunvelocity {o traverseasdescribedinstep3.a.abovetoverifythattheaverageaxialstackorductvelocityremains g[ within10percentofthepretestrunvalue.Iftheposttestandpretestvaluesdonotagreewithin10 SG percentforanyofthethreeormorerequiredtestruns,conductanadditionaltestruntoreplacethattest ? 3 run.Youmayuseaposttestrunvelocitytraverseasthepretestrunvelocitytraverseforthenexttest +! run.#XaX X!Xec #!Xec XXXaX))݌" %% Ќ  ""  ,25h  e  .3  0    Calculatetheisokineticvariationateachsamplingpointusingequation58ofMethod5basedonthe # averageoftheresultsofthepretestrunandposttestrunvelocitytraverses.Isokineticvariations $ shouldbewithinthespecificationfoundinsection6.12ofMethod5.Followtheguidelinesinsection %  6.12ofMethod5forrepeatingtestrunsforwhichyoudonotmeettheisokineticacceptabilitycriteria., -݌&!%% Ќ  ""  Ƈ/25h  f  .3  0    Submittheresultsforallofthetestrunstotheresponsibleregulatoryofficialincludingthepretestrun ( # andposttestrunvelocitiesforeachsamplingpoint,theaverageaxialtheemissionsdataforalloftest w)k!$ runs,andtheresultsoftheisokineticvariationscalculations.Identifyanyresultsoutsideofthespecified c*W"% acceptablerangesandanyotherconditionsthatmightaffectconclusionsregardingthetestresults(e.g., O+C#& processconditions,marginofcompliance).Ƈ//݌;,/$'%% Ќ   '-%(  References    ! ! (uh88""  \32uh  1  .3  0    Peeler,James,IsokineticParticulateSamplinginNonParallelFlowSystemsCyclonicFlow,Entropy   Environmentalists,Inc,RTP,NC,1977.\33݌ %% Ќ   ,(eh88! !""  e52eh  2  .3  0    StackSamplingCyclonicFlow,AppendixH,TexasAirControlBoard,SamplingProceduresManual,   TexasAirControlBoard,6330Hwy290East,Austin,TX78723,RevisedJuly1985.e55݌ %% Ќ   (Uh88,! !""  ƚ72Uh  3  .3  0    Westlin,P.R.,andK.Alexander,EvaluationofParticulateSamplingMethodsforCyclonicFlow,EPA l` memorandum,EPAmailcodeD24302,RTP,NC,27711,August1979.ƚ77݌XL %% Ќ  ""  92Uh  4  .3  0    Methods2Fand2G,40CFRpart60,AppendixA.9H9݌0$ %% Ќ  ""  :2Uh  5  .3  0    Rom,J.J.,Maintenance,Calibration,andOperationofIsokineticSourceSamplingEquipment,EPA   PublicationNumberAPTD0576,#XaX X!Xecy,#!Xec XXXaԀMarch1972.#XaX X!XecO;#