WPC>
{ 5%CKcJJ:_ -`2(nYsQX[n*XgtuwͲ2
]#JeHD~*S>}C5a~eAf;AƎQqlz@5ebDP7rKN #ubs(-RH%00)+70eB\~k4OdmwG"@r= Xjac$o/u=Gif: *T>Qm垭(
cG*W&>&zd#+F__.ħ$=FS| mضA̘GvW5={όWA^ xs8 b~%V`?
2vq&W4/*Ws| aFE %I^K% `-um]vŰMz ׀^N~` 2 7]ƅy)Ydv # U
@ % 0 ( 4
U : %
f _
U @ a
a
f
U N
0 U a Z h n h t h z f a @ 4 o D + @ N o @; c p ; O p q B t t 0 D W 0 K A B * A H P L a s e r J e t 4 P / 4 M P HPPCL5E , ,,,,, 0 P o> ) ,h Z ( C G T i m e s R e g u l a r X ( $ h{" @ 3| x ' ` " C G T i m e s 1 2 p t * ` ( C G T i m e s S c a l a b l e T A B L E A ( 9 Z 6 T i m e s N e w R o m a n R e g u l a r > a$ " S m a l l C i r c l e "0 . . T A B L E A T a b l e _ I O L E G e n e r a t e d O b j e c t WPC 3' .3*# 3' , , , , 5 1 *֍ ֍ T P5+ ! Ds s D " Ds s D # B Bk Tk T T B $ x % x & } x} ' } x} * ( x} x 5 5
} x} * ) x} x 5 5
} x} * / + / , } /} - } /} Z . S;
j
h
f
#`
%Z
'O
%I
C
?
;
Sj
Jh
Dd
>^
<S
>M
@G
DA
L;
S;
Z / S;
j
h
f
#`
%Z
'O
%I
C
?
;
Sj
Jh
Dd
>^
<S
>M
@G
DA
L;
S;
0 i k i i 1 s +s + 2 s +s + 3 Jw 4w 4 J 4 Jw 4w 4 J 5
6
7
M
8
M
9
M
:
M
; . < . = .} } > .} } * ? } } ; L; L} } * @ } } ; L; L} } * A q
q
} -
} -
; ; } } q
* B q
q
} -
} -
; ; } } q
C 3 i k i i D s s E s s F
u
u
G
u
u
H
b
b
I
b
b
J )
)O
K )
)O
L C
CO
M C
CO
N O P } } Q } } R q
S q
T q
}
} U q
}
} V
`
`
W
`
`
R X
Q
`
n
~
+
?
Q
b
p
~
r
b
Q
Q
R Y
Q
`
n
~
+
?
Q
b
p
~
r
b
Q
Q
Z ; \$\ [ ; \$\ \ ; \I
\ ] ; \I
\ ^ -
; -
_ -
; -
` J; J a J; J b 9 c 9 d 9D B D D e x! f x! g
o
o
h
o
o
i j k } } l } } * m } P P K
K
; P ; P } } * n } P P K
K
; P ; P } } * o } - - K
s K
s ; - ; - } } * p } - - K
s K
s ; - ; - } } q - - &L &L L - ^ r P (` z l 6 r X 4 r Kq KW b3 !X - ( ^ s P (` z l 6 r X 4 r Kq KW b3 !X - ( t ? ; ? u ? ; ? v g ; g w g ; g x ; y ; z B ; B { B ; B | ?
? K
} ?
? K
~ g
g K
g
g K
K
K
B
B K
B
B K
} } } } s s s s s M B B B B W
M N I
Q
U
W
J )
)
&
"
"
&
)
)
:
% " $ ( ( ( $ " % J ? > ? B = D 9 F 7 F 3 F / D - B - > - < / : 3 8 7 8 9 8 = : ? < ? > J i @ i D g F c H a H ] H Y F W D W @ W > Y < ] : a : c : g < i > i @ J & } * { , y . w 0 s . q , o * m & o $ q ! s w y { ! } $ & :
} y u u
u
y
}
2
( P %
.
2
:
:
$
(
(
(
$
:
@ D H H H D @ > : : : > @ :
D @ D D @ H > H : H 6 D 6 @ 6 > : : > : @ : D > D @ :
\ ( Z , V 0 T 0 N 0 L , J ( L & N ! T ! V ! Z & \ ( :
`
` \ Z V R R
R
V
Z
\
`
`
i i } $} } $}
%
%
%
%
B B B B
:
J
J
:
)
) % #
#
%
)
)
J A
A
?
;
9
5
1
/
/
/
1
5
9
;
?
A
A
J E
C
A
?
=
9
7
5
3
5
7
9
=
?
A
C
E
?Pdd P ?Pdd P ?P?t ?P?t Pt Pt j ?PP ?PP V ?ttvz|?93///~1|5v?t V ?ttvz|?93///~1|5v?t . . . . BB. BB. > ??CKZl~
. > ??CKZl~
. lf PJ 4. nf RI 3-
m
e
Q
I
5
-
%
+
A
G
]
c
y
#+ ?G ^d z $, @H \d x Z rMt[|isywqeWMrMvMx@6.(,0:FM Z rMt[|isywqeWMrMvMx@6.(,0:FM Z M[
is*y8wHqReXWZMM M @6 .*(6,D0L:RFRM Z M[
is*y8wHqReXWZMM M @6 .*(6,D0L:RFRM P ;
;
a
P P ;
;
a
P P t P t a
Pa
t a
Pa
t
Pa
P Pa
P V ta
tg
vk
zm
|q
q
k
g
c
a
~ | v t V ta
tg
vk
zm
|q
q
k
g
c
a
~ | v t . .
.
.
a
[
[
.
a
[
[
. >
'
7
I
. >
'
7
I
.
l f P J 4 . n f R I 3 -
!
5
= !
T
Z "
p
v #
$
%
&
'
(
! )
6
> *
R
Z +
n
v ,
-
.
/
Z 0 M [ i s
y
w
q)
e/
W1
M M M @ 6 .
(
,
0#
:)
F+
M Z 1 M [ i s
y
w
q)
e/
W1
M M M @ 6 .
(
,
0#
:)
F+
M Z 2 k
Mq
[w
i
s
y
w
q
e
W
Mk
Mq
Ms
@y
6
.
(
,
0
:
F
M Z 3 k
Mq
[w
i
s
y
w
q
e
W
Mk
Mq
Ms
@y
6
.
(
,
0
:
F
M B 4 s~nZE-
q B 5 s~nZE-
q B 6 spT3
s B 7 spT3
s 8 P m mP 9 P m mP : Pt ; Pt < Pt = Pt > 4 ? PP @ PP V A ttvz|~|vt V B ttvz|~|vt C "." D "." E D.D F D.D G . H . > I ,BWiy
. > J ,BWiy
. K "" L "" M "" N "" O "l"f P "P"J Q "4". R "" S "" T "" U "" V "" W "" X "n"f Y "R"I Z "3"- [ "" \ "
"
] "
"
^ "
"
_ "
"
` "
"
a "m
"e
b "Q
"I
c "5
"-
d "
"
e " " f " " " g$ ( h : @ D i D D j D
D
k D%
D-
l DA
DI
m D]
De
n Dy
D
o D
D
p D
D
q D
D
r D
D
s D D t D%D+ u DADI v D^Df w DzD x DD y DD z DD { DD | DD } D&D, ~ DBDH D^Dd DzD DD DD DD Z
M[i"s0y@wLqYe]W]M
MM@6".0(>,J0S:YFYM Z
M[i"s0y@wLqYe]W]M
MM@6".0(>,J0S:YFYM Z M[isywqeWMMM@6.(,0:FM Z M[isywqeWMMM@6.(,0:FM B "s"|hXJDDs B "s"|hXJDDs B DsD6"
lP8& s B DsD6"
lP8& s B su]E/ s B su]E/ s B sc C #
s B sc C #
s B F s B F s # I
K
U
_
k
{
% / 9 A I I K M O Q T T VV VV V # I
K
U
_
k
{
% / 9 A I I K M O Q T T VV VV V r 0DZn r 0DZn r w } %7AMU]ekosuyy{~~ r w } %7AMU]ekosuyy{~~ & NyNrrttrry & NyNrrttrry R | rdXJC=;CGVbn| R | rdXJC=;CGVbn| bZ
hb :
hhdb^ZZZ^bdhh * JJGCCCGJJ * GEECACEEG * KJJGEGJJK * XV T O NOTVX * d db^^ ^ b d d * p p
n
j
j jnpp * xxvrrrvxx * ~zzz~ | XX XX ff ff :
s i i i o s y s s s :
s i i i o s y s s s :
:
:
:
:
:
:
[
Q
Q
Q
U
[
g
k
g
a
[
[
[
:
[
Q
Q
Q
U
[
g
k
g
a
[
[
[
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
'333-' #''' :
'333-' #''' :
:
:
w
}
w
k
g
k
s
w
w
w
:
w
}
w
k
g
k
s
w
w
w
:
[
g
g
g
c
[
Q
M
Q
Y
[
[
[
:
[
g
g
g
c
[
Q
M
Q
Y
[
[
[
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
/9993/% %)/// :
/9993/% %)/// :
EQQQKE=5=AEEE :
EQQQKE=5=AEEE :
:
:
:
:
& &060*&&& :
& &060*&&& :
bXXX^bnrnfbbb :
bXXX^bnrnfbbb :
:
:
:
:
8DDD<8,&,2888 :
8DDD<8,&,2888 :
:
:
:
:
&222,& "&&& :
&222,& "&&& :
T^^^ZTJFJPTTT :
T^^^ZTJFJPTTT :
xtx~ :
xtx~ :
:
:
:
:
~z~ :
~z~ :
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
'333/' #''' :
'333/' #''' :
/;;;5/% %)/// :
/;;;5/% %)/// tt%% tt%% ---- M `? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, DryGas ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Meter ^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Vacuum \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Line F \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Main :n ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve f
^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Vacuum
]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Gauge
s
`? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, By-pass
G ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Pump
U
_? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Orifice e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouples z $6 B'L=RSTjRLFBBJRas !&& ' '$ '1 *o *s z $6 B'L=RSTjRLFBBJRas !&& ' '$ '1 *o *s j s q e O / -C^|w&q2e<]DPLFT6^(h j s q e O / -C^|w&q2e<]DPLFT6^(h1 TTT ! tjtj ! tjtj < < < < < < 4 4 4 4 ! 4 " 4 # dln $ dln % Zr & Zr ' F` ( F` ) 2L * 2L + 3= , 3= - KvS . KvS / zdv 0 zdv 1 Pb 2 Pb 3 @N 4 @N 5 ! 6 ! & 7 oa6 & 8 oa6 & 9
o8 & :
o8 ; ] [] < ] [] = [ > [ V ? [ a c g k m o q} sy su so sk qg oe ma m_ i] e] a] [ V @ [ a c g k m o q} sy su so sk qg oe ma m_ i] e] a] [ Z A ] ] ] _ a e g
k
m s w {
Z B ] ] ] _ a e g
k
m s w {
C! : > F M U [ a i u } ' - 3 9 ? A D! : > F M U [ a i u } ' - 3 9 ? A E! ] AS =I 7A 1; +5 #- ) " y% o+ e1 a9 WA OG JM BW <] : F! ] AS =I 7A 1; +5 #- ) " y% o+ e1 a9 WA OG JM BW <] : G
E
) H
E
) ^ I $4<@>w8m.e e
ysmm J C ) K C ) & L {yqeV@4
& M {yqeV@4
& N mPn@f
f & O mPn@f
f P Q R bb S bb T U V b@@ W b@@ X b@ Y b@ Z [ ^ \
} l^RNL}l`XRR ] d? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouple ^ d ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Check _ ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve ` ?BB?B?? a D?D b D?D c oV )V d oV )V e oVo| f oVo| g )V)| h )V)| i j oV)V k oV)V V l m|'|-|1~5553/)'mgca]_a~e|m| V m m|'|-|1~5553/)'mgca]_a~e|m| n 2 o 2 p 2 q 2 r )%#rr2 s )%#rr2 > t mms{NN2 > u mms{NN2 v w x y z rl { VP | :4 } ~ tl XO 93
s
k
W
O
;
3
/
7
K
S
g
o
/5 KT hp 06 LR hn Z Saoy}{wi[SSSF:2..4>MS Z Saoy}{wi[SSSF:2..4>MS Z 3S5a?oGyZ}h{vwi[S3S7S;FC:K2Z.f.r4|>MS Z 3S5a?oGyZ}h{vwi[S3S7S;FC:K2Z.f.r4|>MS k _? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Silica o [? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Gel+ < {}}|}n}d}V{Iy9y-w!som
i
c
a
]
[
Y
Ys
We
US
SA
Q-
Q
M
M M Q Q S U Y [{ ]k aY eL g> k. m q s u w y y y { { { {z {l {^ {P {D {2 {, { y < y y y
w
w
s
s
q
o
m
k
g
e
cz
av
ap
]l
]h
]f
[`
Y\
WU
WQ
SM
QI
OA
M;
I3
D)
:
6
.
$ ~ z x t r n l h f d d b ` ^ \ \ Z V V T R R R R P N L J L Z {}}|}n}d}V{Iy9y-w!som
i
c
a
]
[
Y
Ys
We
US
SA
Q-
Q
M
M M Q Q S U Y [{ ]k aY eL g> k. m q s u w y y y { { { {z {l {^ {P {D {2 {, { y y y
w
w
s
s
q
o
m
k
g
e
cz
av
ap
]l
]h
]f
[`
Y\
WU
WQ
SM
QI
OA
M;
I3
D)
:
6
.
$ ~ z x t r n l h f d d b ` ^ \ \ Z V V T R R R R P N L J L f }.S6$BIQUUY]l]\aJc8e$gkos{ f }.S6$BIQUUY]l]\aJc8e$gkos{+ :
:
:
7+++17AGA;777 :
7+++17AGA;777 :
_kkke_QOQ[___ :
_kkke_QOQ[___ :
%%% :
%%% :
eooome[W[ a e ee :
eooome[W[ a e ee :
~~smsy~~~ :
~~smsy~~~ :
:
:
' #'171-''' :
' #'171-''' :
ZNNNTZdjd`ZZZ :
ZNNNTZdjd`ZZZ :
lvvvrlb^bhlll :
lvvvrlb^bhlll :
CNNNGC;3;?CCC :
CNNNGC;3;?CCC :
)555/) %))) :
)555/) %))) :
\hhh`\RJRX\\\ :
\hhh`\RJRX\\\ :
:
( D B D D q q
q
q r u
3
5
=
C
C
C
uC
C
A
;
3
w u Z
)
/
1
%
)
)
##
)
+
Z
)
/
1
%
)
)
##
)
+
:
/
3
3
3
1
-
:
-
3
3
3
1
-
6 -
3
3
3
1
-
B : 4 4 0 . (-
(3
.3
03
41
4-
:-
: : : :
l h h d ` \-
\1
`3
d1
h1
h-
l l :
-
1
3
1
1
-
6 -
1
1
1
/
-
:
-
1
1
1
/
-
+
+
+
+
)
( )
( (
(
)
: Z )
: Z \
: \
: )
l )
l
l
l )
)
%
%
O
O
R
R
=
7
p-
\
M \ =
7
p-
\
M \ 6
F
D'
8;
6
F
D'
8;
=
;
=
;
> >
D
D !
!
!
bb bb L L L ! L " b^H # b^H $ }fJ % }fJ & ' ( RN _? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Heated ) [? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Box * p e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouples + D RD m m RRD R , y - y1 . 00 / 0 1 2
a? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Condenser 3 ^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Filter & 4 M e { s & 5 M e { s & 6
O
o s & 7
O
o s 1 ^ 8 R a o y } } u i ] R R R F < 4 . 0 4 > L R R 9 : ;
<
Z = !
/
;
C
K
I
A
7
)
!
!
!
!
Z > !
/
;
C
K
I
A
7
)
!
!
!
!
? 4 G
@ 4 G
A 4 C
B 4 C
6 C Y ] [ F /
a
w
q
a
/
x v z 6 D Y ] [ F /
a
w
q
a
/
x v z E Y z F Y z 2 G | \ %X vV T j D ] 2 H | \ %X vV T j D ] 6 I W : ]* & & & < pF
H [
H A
F /
6 J W : ]* & & & < pF
H [
H A
F /
K j? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, RecirculationPump : L
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : M
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : N
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : O
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : P
* 4 4 4 0 * & * * * : Q
* 4 4 4 0 * & * * * : R
: S
: T
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : U
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : V
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : W
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f X U b? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Condensate Y
Z
1 [ H
'
H '
H H & \ w a %a c m } & ] w a %a c m } F ^ bbm F _ bbm F ` '#
y*k F a '#
y*k b ccq c ccq d , e , f c a? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Manometer g ^ e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, S-TypePitot h \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Tube1 i GiiGG j GiHiHGG k Gq00G l Gq00G m BB n BB o p q r s ]] t ]] u ** v ** w x y )5 z )5 { [d | [d } ~ AE AE px px ) 0
,BZh3h3\3,7CM\ppn\I9+# @h ) 0
,BZh3h3\3,7CM\ppn\I9+# @h S S1 pWCCpW iuiu iuiu 2@J 2@J v k
%
'
-
/
/
/
k/
/
-
-
m k :
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
F d? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouple n`
`G
n`
`G
;
e
e
C e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Carboxen1000 #
/ #
/ {
?
#a
sa
s{
?
P
N N P
]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Water " " * k k p p < a a < E \ ` C G T i m e s E Figure1.Acetonitrilesamplingtrain. 7 3 4 I3 4V/ |3 47 3 4 3 4^/ 3 4 H3 4 {3 4) 3 4 F/ 3 4 / 3 4 7 G3 4 n z3 4 / 3 4!/ 3 4"/ 3 4#/ F3 4$/ y3 4%~/ 3 4&v/ 3 4'/ 3 4(n/ E3 4)/ x3 4*/ 3 4+ 3 4,n 3 4-. D3 4.. w 4/. 40. 41- 42N 43 44V 456* 46.* 47* p 48&* F 49, 4: * 4;* 4<* 4=~, C 4>, 4?v, ! 4@, @" 4A, HPPCL5E3 TEXT_DISABLE TEXT_SIZEOFPDEVICE TEXT_REALIZE % ' d x d C : \ D O C S \ P A P E R S \ A W M A - 9 7 \ E L U T I O N . W M F WPC ' g ( ) g ( ) 9 ! g ( ) : ƚ g() X ? ) ) g() @`O bR b ? ?b 7`^ A` BB b` bA `1 `!b b!R ?b б u Ұj | h ¼ q /// R" / @ O @ 1 / " @@@ b! A !! ! / O a b B @ @ A OOO @ `B 11 1 /" A ` "" @ _ b B b ___ ` B BB B @# 2? / " @ @ rrr ? bb ` `< @A @ @@ @ ` A P `b ` A @" A A % b A b A b A 5 AA " " " + "Y @@ B ! A B @ B @ @p A @ R a ` b _ ` ` q t A2 B B ? 5 ҿ 4 5
" - - g() < " - 1$"
#
#
# " - - $ #
%### #
" - - $ tf 2 $ x 5 A [ , 0 " - - zf R v!h R " - % R e C!hv! 5 1! 5 % 5 } O\ 1! " - v
$ " - -
P" k k " - % k w w w % ww 5 5 5 " - - < $ 5555kR3E 1 i . b|;"Rb5255 B % B H SH H % HHS % kkvv %
.PR_]T80p 9 ] 9 " - B % 9!nz_k(``aa aaa`s`3`___^\`}qh1=n] = X = 0 % =De.ya m6i X " - - B ( - -a X " - % X H GH H % HHG % kk$$ % lPH;A8jp pn pn pn " - - B ( UUUU - P $& npX ,<44T4 44p4'44g4kLkk
kkkk,kkr EXcmpdnp 1 1 1 " - % 11 % t t % tS [ q % q q % Lb&q 3 3 % 3L& " - - < r <X
1 1 1 " - % 11 % t t % tS "L & q % q q % [bq 3 3 % 3[ " -
? " - - X
B !
h !
h $ " - % h!
" \" " " - % ""\ $ ]$ $ % $$] g" ! g" % "g"C" ~"8""! ! % x!u!i! .! % W0!3X!,!. m$ $ m$ % $m$I$&>$$$$ & $ & % &%}% G%n$ & 45% & % &&%%]%9a%25%4 1! 1K% 1! % !1K%1 ##
## % ##" y"f
!6 Q!
w
# # # % ## " - -
, # T " - - 6 e5 5 e5 " - % 5e5 O % k@?r a
" O 5 J 5 % 5Mf]. #
P
$J [ %
oj C8e[ y d y % yab-YL d 8 U 8 % 8 U 8 U 8 % 8 U " - - w ! " - - $ N N " - - $ / // / " - - $ 4!!f 4f " - - $ XOOX $ XTXT S> [ S> " - % >S[ S S % S V d V d V d -
$ dV S dV V V V
$ V xS V X G X X G % GX X X 9 ! X 9 % 9X ! X X % X & * & % & * X# X# % X#"r!v8! X#` l X#` % ` X# " ! s! 8! l $ ^# $
% $K#^# $x ^#] $x
% x$#] ^# $ $ $ % $$ $z $z $z % z $z$ " - - $
!$A$]$z$_$!v$$$$!$ a * a * a * " - $ *a b a 0o *a " - - $ B
B]
]
H " - - R
@ $ " - b
o
No
o
" - % o
o
N & P & % & P $ " - - " - L $ " - #N
T " - - Mm) " - - 6K A B E B " - % BE % A % CA e e % e S x S % S x S x S % S x 5! 9! 5! % 5!9! x! |! x! % x!|! 1! 0 1! % 1!l > 6@ V@ %0 |! ( |! % |!b!)R s ,i s> ( , , % , , , % , " - - % a qn a " - % anq - ,
$ ,~` 2 "Arial - - - 2
Centrifuge s s : D - : s t s
2
Tube~ s t s c c
" - % c - i v
$ v i v - - 2
3/8" Teflon s : s H : ~ s : - s t 2
Tubing} t s - t s > > >
" - % > > - w
$ w > - - % 2
Silanized Glass Wool - . s s . g s s : - s g g : s s . 2
Carboxen -1000 s D s t g s s : : D s s t s
" - % - L
$ L; - - 2
V Three-way ~ s D s t D s g 2
< Valve s . g s *B *B
" - % B * -
$ Y - - 2
Glass Frit - t g g 9 ~ D - : /
" - % / - e
$ e " - - o " - % j " - % j - } 6
$ 6 } R 6 - - 2
5
Union s - t s 2
Sorbent Module t D s s t 9 : s t s - t T
" - % T - !
$ ! = A - - 2
` Waste s g : s 0 a 0
" - % 0 a -
$ R I - - ! 2
' Separatory Funnel s t s D s : s D g : ~ s s t s - " !}
"
" - % "}
! - !P
$ P!g
!)Q" - - 2
0#
Ring Stand - s t 9 : s t s N& #Z N&
" - % N&Z # - N$
$
N$J # $ - - 2
E#
1/8" Teflon t 9 t H 9 ~ s : - t s : : 2
+" Tubing~ s t - s t 4 4
" - % 4 -
$ x - - 2
1 Union s . s s w "Arial s -
2
TMU s
" - - "m##" - - 2
#" R c % %
" - % % -
$ ;n " - - < <g 2 "Arial - - - 2
" Union s - t s !6 !!C !6
" - % 6 !C!! - !
$ !, !y! " - - j
^, w "Arial s - - - 2
R c h h
" - % h W % W # B # % #W# "
U" !d
B # ># # % #># - Courier 4 - WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker WPGraphic21 @; WPC ' g ( ) g ( ) 9 ! g ( ) : ƚ g() X ? ) ) g() @`O bR b ? ?b 7`^ A` BB b` bA `1 `!b b!R ?b б u Ұj | h ¼ q /// R" / @ O @ 1 / " @@@ b! A !! ! / O a b B @ @ A OOO @ `B 11 1 /" A ` "" @ _ b B b ___ ` B BB B @# 2? / " @ @ rrr ? bb ` `< @A @ @@ @ ` A P `b ` A @" A A % b A b A b A 5 AA " " " + "Y @@ B ! A B @ B @ @p A @ R a ` b _ ` ` q t A2 B B ? 5 ҿ 4 5
" - - g() < " - 1$"
#
#
# " - - $ #
%### #
" - - $ tf 2 $ x 5 A [ , 0 " - - zf R v!h R " - % R e C!hv! 5 1! 5 % 5 } O\ 1! " - v
$ " - -
P" k k " - % k w w w % ww 5 5 5 " - - < $ 5555kR3E 1 i . b|;"Rb5255 B % B H SH H % HHS % kkvv %
.PR_]T80p 9 ] 9 " - B % 9!nz_k(``aa aaa`s`3`___^\`}qh1=n] = X = 0 % =De.ya m6i X " - - B ( - -a X " - % X H GH H % HHG % kk$$ % lPH;A8jp pn pn pn " - - B ( UUUU - P $& npX ,<44T4 44p4'44g4kLkk
kkkk,kkr EXcmpdnp 1 1 1 " - % 11 % t t % tS [ q % q q % Lb&q 3 3 % 3L& " - - < r <X
1 1 1 " - % 11 % t t % tS "L & q % q q % [bq 3 3 % 3[ " -
? " - - X
B !
h !
h $ " - % h!
" \" " " - % ""\ $ ]$ $ % $$] g" ! g" % "g"C" ~"8""! ! % x!u!i! .! % W0!3X!,!. m$ $ m$ % $m$I$&>$$$$ & $ & % &%}% G%n$ & 45% & % &&%%]%9a%25%4 1! 1K% 1! % !1K%1 ##
## % ##" y"f
!6 Q!
w
# # # % ## " - -
, # T " - - 6 e5 5 e5 " - % 5e5 O % k@?r a
" O 5 J 5 % 5Mf]. #
P
$J [ %
oj C8e[ y d y % yab-YL d 8 U 8 % 8 U 8 U 8 % 8 U " - - w ! " - - $ N N " - - $ / // / " - - $ 4!!f 4f " - - $ XOOX $ XTXT S> [ S> " - % >S[ S S % S V d V d V d -
$ dV S dV V V V
$ V xS V X G X X G % GX X X 9 ! X 9 % 9X ! X X % X & * & % & * X# X# % X#"r!v8! X#` l X#` % ` X# " ! s! 8! l $ ^# $
% $K#^# $x ^#] $x
% x$#] ^# $ $ $ % $$ $z $z $z % z $z$ " - - $
!$A$]$z$_$!v$$$$!$ a * a * a * " - $ *a b a 0o *a " - - $ B
B]
]
H " - - R
@ $ " - b
o
No
o
" - % o
o
N & P & % & P $ " - - " - L $ " - #N
T " - - Mm) " - - 6K A B E B " - % BE % A % CA e e % e S x S % S x S x S % S x 5! 9! 5! % 5!9! x! |! x! % x!|! 1! 0 1! % 1!l > 6@ V@ %0 |! ( |! % |!b!)R s ,i s> ( , , % , , , % , " - - % a qn a " - % anq - ,
$ ,~` 2 "Arial - - - 2
Centrifuge s s : D - : s t s
2
Tube~ s t s c c
" - % c - i v
$ v i v - - 2
3/8" Teflon s : s H : ~ s : - s t 2
Tubing} t s - t s > > >
" - % > > - w
$ w > - - % 2
Silanized Glass Wool - . s s . g s s : - s g g : s s . 2
Carboxen -1000 s D s t g s s : : D s s t s
" - % - L
$ L; - - 2
V Three-way ~ s D s t D s g 2
< Valve s . g s *B *B
" - % B * -
$ Y - - 2
Glass Frit - t g g 9 ~ D - : /
" - % / - e
$ e " - - o " - % j " - % j - } 6
$ 6 } R 6 - - 2
5
Union s - t s 2
Sorbent Module t D s s t 9 : s t s - t T
" - % T - !
$ ! = A - - 2
` Waste s g : s 0 a 0
" - % 0 a -
$ R I - - ! 2
' Separatory Funnel s t s D s : s D g : ~ s s t s - " !}
"
" - % "}
! - !P
$ P!g
!)Q" - - 2
0#
Ring Stand - s t 9 : s t s N& #Z N&
" - % N&Z # - N$
$
N$J # $ - - 2
E#
1/8" Teflon t 9 t H 9 ~ s : - t s : : 2
+" Tubing~ s t - s t 4 4
" - % 4 -
$ x - - 2
1 Union s . s s w "Arial s -
2
TMU s
" - - "m##" - - 2
#" R c % %
" - % % -
$ ;n " - - < <g 2 "Arial - - - 2
" Union s - t s !6 !!C !6
" - % 6 !C!! - !
$ !, !y! " - - j
^, w "Arial s - - - 2
R c h h
" - % h W % W # B # % #W# "
U" !d
B # ># # % #># - Courier 4 -
( # X X Figure2.Reversegravitysorbentextraction.# : # WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker WPGraphic21 WPC 3' .3*# 3' , , , , 5 1 *֍ ֍ T P5+ ! Ds s D " Ds s D # B Bk Tk T T B $ x % x & } x} ' } x} * ( x} x 5 5
} x} * ) x} x 5 5
} x} * / + / , } /} - } /} Z . S;
j
h
f
#`
%Z
'O
%I
C
?
;
Sj
Jh
Dd
>^
<S
>M
@G
DA
L;
S;
Z / S;
j
h
f
#`
%Z
'O
%I
C
?
;
Sj
Jh
Dd
>^
<S
>M
@G
DA
L;
S;
0 i k i i 1 s +s + 2 s +s + 3 Jw 4w 4 J 4 Jw 4w 4 J 5
6
7
M
8
M
9
M
:
M
; . < . = .} } > .} } * ? } } ; L; L} } * @ } } ; L; L} } * A q
q
} -
} -
; ; } } q
* B q
q
} -
} -
; ; } } q
C 3 i k i i D s s E s s F
u
u
G
u
u
H
b
b
I
b
b
J )
)O
K )
)O
L C
CO
M C
CO
N O P } } Q } } R q
S q
T q
}
} U q
}
} V
`
`
W
`
`
R X
Q
`
n
~
+
?
Q
b
p
~
r
b
Q
Q
R Y
Q
`
n
~
+
?
Q
b
p
~
r
b
Q
Q
Z ; \$\ [ ; \$\ \ ; \I
\ ] ; \I
\ ^ -
; -
_ -
; -
` J; J a J; J b 9 c 9 d 9D B D D e x! f x! g
o
o
h
o
o
i j k } } l } } * m } P P K
K
; P ; P } } * n } P P K
K
; P ; P } } * o } - - K
s K
s ; - ; - } } * p } - - K
s K
s ; - ; - } } q - - &L &L L - ^ r P (` z l 6 r X 4 r Kq KW b3 !X - ( ^ s P (` z l 6 r X 4 r Kq KW b3 !X - ( t ? ; ? u ? ; ? v g ; g w g ; g x ; y ; z B ; B { B ; B | ?
? K
} ?
? K
~ g
g K
g
g K
K
K
B
B K
B
B K
} } } } s s s s s M B B B B W
M N I
Q
U
W
J )
)
&
"
"
&
)
)
:
% " $ ( ( ( $ " % J ? > ? B = D 9 F 7 F 3 F / D - B - > - < / : 3 8 7 8 9 8 = : ? < ? > J i @ i D g F c H a H ] H Y F W D W @ W > Y < ] : a : c : g < i > i @ J & } * { , y . w 0 s . q , o * m & o $ q ! s w y { ! } $ & :
} y u u
u
y
}
2
( P %
.
2
:
:
$
(
(
(
$
:
@ D H H H D @ > : : : > @ :
D @ D D @ H > H : H 6 D 6 @ 6 > : : > : @ : D > D @ :
\ ( Z , V 0 T 0 N 0 L , J ( L & N ! T ! V ! Z & \ ( :
`
` \ Z V R R
R
V
Z
\
`
`
i i } $} } $}
%
%
%
%
B B B B
:
J
J
:
)
) % #
#
%
)
)
J A
A
?
;
9
5
1
/
/
/
1
5
9
;
?
A
A
J E
C
A
?
=
9
7
5
3
5
7
9
=
?
A
C
E
?Pdd P ?Pdd P ?P?t ?P?t Pt Pt j ?PP ?PP V ?ttvz|?93///~1|5v?t V ?ttvz|?93///~1|5v?t . . . . BB. BB. > ??CKZl~
. > ??CKZl~
. lf PJ 4. nf RI 3-
m
e
Q
I
5
-
%
+
A
G
]
c
y
#+ ?G ^d z $, @H \d x Z rMt[|isywqeWMrMvMx@6.(,0:FM Z rMt[|isywqeWMrMvMx@6.(,0:FM Z M[
is*y8wHqReXWZMM M @6 .*(6,D0L:RFRM Z M[
is*y8wHqReXWZMM M @6 .*(6,D0L:RFRM P ;
;
a
P P ;
;
a
P P t P t a
Pa
t a
Pa
t
Pa
P Pa
P V ta
tg
vk
zm
|q
q
k
g
c
a
~ | v t V ta
tg
vk
zm
|q
q
k
g
c
a
~ | v t . .
.
.
a
[
[
.
a
[
[
. >
'
7
I
. >
'
7
I
.
l f P J 4 . n f R I 3 -
!
5
= !
T
Z "
p
v #
$
%
&
'
(
! )
6
> *
R
Z +
n
v ,
-
.
/
Z 0 M [ i s
y
w
q)
e/
W1
M M M @ 6 .
(
,
0#
:)
F+
M Z 1 M [ i s
y
w
q)
e/
W1
M M M @ 6 .
(
,
0#
:)
F+
M Z 2 k
Mq
[w
i
s
y
w
q
e
W
Mk
Mq
Ms
@y
6
.
(
,
0
:
F
M Z 3 k
Mq
[w
i
s
y
w
q
e
W
Mk
Mq
Ms
@y
6
.
(
,
0
:
F
M B 4 s~nZE-
q B 5 s~nZE-
q B 6 spT3
s B 7 spT3
s 8 P m mP 9 P m mP : Pt ; Pt < Pt = Pt > 4 ? PP @ PP V A ttvz|~|vt V B ttvz|~|vt C "." D "." E D.D F D.D G . H . > I ,BWiy
. > J ,BWiy
. K "" L "" M "" N "" O "l"f P "P"J Q "4". R "" S "" T "" U "" V "" W "" X "n"f Y "R"I Z "3"- [ "" \ "
"
] "
"
^ "
"
_ "
"
` "
"
a "m
"e
b "Q
"I
c "5
"-
d "
"
e " " f " " " g$ ( h : @ D i D D j D
D
k D%
D-
l DA
DI
m D]
De
n Dy
D
o D
D
p D
D
q D
D
r D
D
s D D t D%D+ u DADI v D^Df w DzD x DD y DD z DD { DD | DD } D&D, ~ DBDH D^Dd DzD DD DD DD Z
M[i"s0y@wLqYe]W]M
MM@6".0(>,J0S:YFYM Z
M[i"s0y@wLqYe]W]M
MM@6".0(>,J0S:YFYM Z M[isywqeWMMM@6.(,0:FM Z M[isywqeWMMM@6.(,0:FM B "s"|hXJDDs B "s"|hXJDDs B DsD6"
lP8& s B DsD6"
lP8& s B su]E/ s B su]E/ s B sc C #
s B sc C #
s B F s B F s # I
K
U
_
k
{
% / 9 A I I K M O Q T T VV VV V # I
K
U
_
k
{
% / 9 A I I K M O Q T T VV VV V r 0DZn r 0DZn r w } %7AMU]ekosuyy{~~ r w } %7AMU]ekosuyy{~~ & NyNrrttrry & NyNrrttrry R | rdXJC=;CGVbn| R | rdXJC=;CGVbn| bZ
hb :
hhdb^ZZZ^bdhh * JJGCCCGJJ * GEECACEEG * KJJGEGJJK * XV T O NOTVX * d db^^ ^ b d d * p p
n
j
j jnpp * xxvrrrvxx * ~zzz~ | XX XX ff ff :
s i i i o s y s s s :
s i i i o s y s s s :
:
:
:
:
:
:
[
Q
Q
Q
U
[
g
k
g
a
[
[
[
:
[
Q
Q
Q
U
[
g
k
g
a
[
[
[
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
'333-' #''' :
'333-' #''' :
:
:
w
}
w
k
g
k
s
w
w
w
:
w
}
w
k
g
k
s
w
w
w
:
[
g
g
g
c
[
Q
M
Q
Y
[
[
[
:
[
g
g
g
c
[
Q
M
Q
Y
[
[
[
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
/9993/% %)/// :
/9993/% %)/// :
EQQQKE=5=AEEE :
EQQQKE=5=AEEE :
:
:
:
:
& &060*&&& :
& &060*&&& :
bXXX^bnrnfbbb :
bXXX^bnrnfbbb :
:
:
:
:
8DDD<8,&,2888 :
8DDD<8,&,2888 :
:
:
:
:
&222,& "&&& :
&222,& "&&& :
T^^^ZTJFJPTTT :
T^^^ZTJFJPTTT :
xtx~ :
xtx~ :
:
:
:
:
~z~ :
~z~ :
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
'333/' #''' :
'333/' #''' :
/;;;5/% %)/// :
/;;;5/% %)/// tt%% tt%% ---- M `? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, DryGas ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Meter ^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Vacuum \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Line F \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Main :n ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve f
^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Vacuum
]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Gauge
s
`? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, By-pass
G ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Pump
U
_? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Orifice e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouples z $6 B'L=RSTjRLFBBJRas !&& ' '$ '1 *o *s z $6 B'L=RSTjRLFBBJRas !&& ' '$ '1 *o *s j s q e O / -C^|w&q2e<]DPLFT6^(h j s q e O / -C^|w&q2e<]DPLFT6^(h1 TTT ! tjtj ! tjtj < < < < < < 4 4 4 4 ! 4 " 4 # dln $ dln % Zr & Zr ' F` ( F` ) 2L * 2L + 3= , 3= - KvS . KvS / zdv 0 zdv 1 Pb 2 Pb 3 @N 4 @N 5 ! 6 ! & 7 oa6 & 8 oa6 & 9
o8 & :
o8 ; ] [] < ] [] = [ > [ V ? [ a c g k m o q} sy su so sk qg oe ma m_ i] e] a] [ V @ [ a c g k m o q} sy su so sk qg oe ma m_ i] e] a] [ Z A ] ] ] _ a e g
k
m s w {
Z B ] ] ] _ a e g
k
m s w {
C! : > F M U [ a i u } ' - 3 9 ? A D! : > F M U [ a i u } ' - 3 9 ? A E! ] AS =I 7A 1; +5 #- ) " y% o+ e1 a9 WA OG JM BW <] : F! ] AS =I 7A 1; +5 #- ) " y% o+ e1 a9 WA OG JM BW <] : G
E
) H
E
) ^ I $4<@>w8m.e e
ysmm J C ) K C ) & L {yqeV@4
& M {yqeV@4
& N mPn@f
f & O mPn@f
f P Q R bb S bb T U V b@@ W b@@ X b@ Y b@ Z [ ^ \
} l^RNL}l`XRR ] d? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouple ^ d ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Check _ ]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Valve ` ?BB?B?? a D?D b D?D c oV )V d oV )V e oVo| f oVo| g )V)| h )V)| i j oV)V k oV)V V l m|'|-|1~5553/)'mgca]_a~e|m| V m m|'|-|1~5553/)'mgca]_a~e|m| n 2 o 2 p 2 q 2 r )%#rr2 s )%#rr2 > t mms{NN2 > u mms{NN2 v w x y z rl { VP | :4 } ~ tl XO 93
s
k
W
O
;
3
/
7
K
S
g
o
/5 KT hp 06 LR hn Z Saoy}{wi[SSSF:2..4>MS Z Saoy}{wi[SSSF:2..4>MS Z 3S5a?oGyZ}h{vwi[S3S7S;FC:K2Z.f.r4|>MS Z 3S5a?oGyZ}h{vwi[S3S7S;FC:K2Z.f.r4|>MS k _? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Silica o [? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Gel+ < {}}|}n}d}V{Iy9y-w!som
i
c
a
]
[
Y
Ys
We
US
SA
Q-
Q
M
M M Q Q S U Y [{ ]k aY eL g> k. m q s u w y y y { { { {z {l {^ {P {D {2 {, { y < y y y
w
w
s
s
q
o
m
k
g
e
cz
av
ap
]l
]h
]f
[`
Y\
WU
WQ
SM
QI
OA
M;
I3
D)
:
6
.
$ ~ z x t r n l h f d d b ` ^ \ \ Z V V T R R R R P N L J L Z {}}|}n}d}V{Iy9y-w!som
i
c
a
]
[
Y
Ys
We
US
SA
Q-
Q
M
M M Q Q S U Y [{ ]k aY eL g> k. m q s u w y y y { { { {z {l {^ {P {D {2 {, { y y y
w
w
s
s
q
o
m
k
g
e
cz
av
ap
]l
]h
]f
[`
Y\
WU
WQ
SM
QI
OA
M;
I3
D)
:
6
.
$ ~ z x t r n l h f d d b ` ^ \ \ Z V V T R R R R P N L J L f }.S6$BIQUUY]l]\aJc8e$gkos{ f }.S6$BIQUUY]l]\aJc8e$gkos{+ :
:
:
7+++17AGA;777 :
7+++17AGA;777 :
_kkke_QOQ[___ :
_kkke_QOQ[___ :
%%% :
%%% :
eooome[W[ a e ee :
eooome[W[ a e ee :
~~smsy~~~ :
~~smsy~~~ :
:
:
' #'171-''' :
' #'171-''' :
ZNNNTZdjd`ZZZ :
ZNNNTZdjd`ZZZ :
lvvvrlb^bhlll :
lvvvrlb^bhlll :
CNNNGC;3;?CCC :
CNNNGC;3;?CCC :
)555/) %))) :
)555/) %))) :
\hhh`\RJRX\\\ :
\hhh`\RJRX\\\ :
:
( D B D D q q
q
q r u
3
5
=
C
C
C
uC
C
A
;
3
w u Z
)
/
1
%
)
)
##
)
+
Z
)
/
1
%
)
)
##
)
+
:
/
3
3
3
1
-
:
-
3
3
3
1
-
6 -
3
3
3
1
-
B : 4 4 0 . (-
(3
.3
03
41
4-
:-
: : : :
l h h d ` \-
\1
`3
d1
h1
h-
l l :
-
1
3
1
1
-
6 -
1
1
1
/
-
:
-
1
1
1
/
-
+
+
+
+
)
( )
( (
(
)
: Z )
: Z \
: \
: )
l )
l
l
l )
)
%
%
O
O
R
R
=
7
p-
\
M \ =
7
p-
\
M \ 6
F
D'
8;
6
F
D'
8;
=
;
=
;
> >
D
D !
!
!
bb bb L L L ! L " b^H # b^H $ }fJ % }fJ & ' ( RN _? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Heated ) [? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Box * p e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouples + D RD m m RRD R , y - y1 . 00 / 0 1 2
a? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Condenser 3 ^? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Filter & 4 M e { s & 5 M e { s & 6
O
o s & 7
O
o s 1 ^ 8 R a o y } } u i ] R R R F < 4 . 0 4 > L R R 9 : ;
<
Z = !
/
;
C
K
I
A
7
)
!
!
!
!
Z > !
/
;
C
K
I
A
7
)
!
!
!
!
? 4 G
@ 4 G
A 4 C
B 4 C
6 C Y ] [ F /
a
w
q
a
/
x v z 6 D Y ] [ F /
a
w
q
a
/
x v z E Y z F Y z 2 G | \ %X vV T j D ] 2 H | \ %X vV T j D ] 6 I W : ]* & & & < pF
H [
H A
F /
6 J W : ]* & & & < pF
H [
H A
F /
K j? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, RecirculationPump : L
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : M
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : N
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : O
P Y Y Y R P D > D J P P P : P
* 4 4 4 0 * & * * * : Q
* 4 4 4 0 * & * * * : R
: S
: T
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : U
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : V
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f : W
f r r r l f Z X Z ` f f f X U b? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Condensate Y
Z
1 [ H
'
H '
H H & \ w a %a c m } & ] w a %a c m } F ^ bbm F _ bbm F ` '#
y*k F a '#
y*k b ccq c ccq d , e , f c a? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Manometer g ^ e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, S-TypePitot h \? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Tube1 i GiiGG j GiHiHGG k Gq00G l Gq00G m BB n BB o p q r s ]] t ]] u ** v ** w x y )5 z )5 { [d | [d } ~ AE AE px px ) 0
,BZh3h3\3,7CM\ppn\I9+# @h ) 0
,BZh3h3\3,7CM\ppn\I9+# @h S S1 pWCCpW iuiu iuiu 2@J 2@J v k
%
'
-
/
/
/
k/
/
-
-
m k :
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
F d? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Thermocouple n`
`G
n`
`G
;
e
e
C e? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Carboxen1000 #
/ #
/ {
?
#a
sa
s{
?
P
N N P
]? , % 2 A ` A r i a l ? , ,, Water " " * k k p p < a a < E \ ` C G T i m e s E Figure1.Acetonitrilesamplingtrain. 7 3 4 I3 4V/ |3 47 3 4 3 4^/ 3 4 H3 4 {3 4) 3 4 F/ 3 4 / 3 4 7 G3 4 n z3 4 / 3 4!/ 3 4"/ 3 4#/ F3 4$/ y3 4%~/ 3 4&v/ 3 4'/ 3 4(n/ E3 4)/ x3 4*/ 3 4+ 3 4,n 3 4-. D3 4.. w 4/. 40. 41- 42N 43 44V 456* 46.* 47* p 48&* F 49, 4: * 4;* 4<* 4=~, C 4>, 4?v, ! 4@, @" 4A, HPPCL5E3 TEXT_DISABLE TEXT_SIZEOFPDEVICE TEXT_REALIZE %
METAFILEPICT B e V! . 1!
- % - - % - - % !!! - - - - - - - - - - % - - % - - - - - - - - - - . % - - . % - - & % - - % - - % - - % - - % - - % - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - % - - % ff]]UULLf - - % ff]]UULLf - - & % qruy~ ~yu rq - - % - - % - - % qooq - - % qooq - - % yy - - % yy - - } } - - } } - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f o - - f o - - f o - - f o - - r - - r - - * % qrrtuwy{}q - - * % qrrtuwy{}q - -
% JJ - -
% JJ - -
% UUJaJ - -
% UUJaJ - -
% ]]AhA - -
% ]]AhA - -
% AA - -
% AA - - F %! ][^T`NcHgCl?r<x:9:<?CHNT[bhmrvy{|x{rylvgrcm`h^b][ - - < % `[bOeJiEnAs><=>AEJO[afltwxyswntipelbfaa`[ - - %
v[wXyU{TSU[ac{byaw^v[ - - % |||q - - % |||q - - % v|nTT|f|fq - - % v|nTT|f|fq - - L * - - L * - - L * - - L * - - % **""""* - - % **""""* - - % - - % - - % 0"0" " - - 0 % "0$4':)A*H*N(U&[#a gllid^XQJC<60 - - 0 % "0$4':)A*H*N(U&[#a gllid^XQJC<60 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % sss - - - - - - %
- - - $ - - - % - - - & $ - - - & % - - - $
- - - %
- - - & $ - - - & % - - - & $ - - - & % - - - & $ - - - & % - - - $
- - - %
- - - $ - - - % - - - $
- - - %
- - - $
- - - %
- - - $
- - - %
- - - $
!! !! - - - %
!! !! - - - $
####""!""#### - - - %
####""!""#### - - - $
$$###"""###$$ - - - %
$$###"""###$$ - - s F - - s F - - s > - - s > - - - - - - - - - - " % - - - $ - - - % - - - $
- - - %
- - - & $ - - - & % - - - & $ - - - & % - - - $
- - - %
- - - & $ - - - & % - - - & $ - - - & % - - % MZZM - - % MZZM - - M H - - M H - - M H - - M H - - Z Z - - M M - - M M - - , % HHHGGGFEEDDDE~E}E}F}G~G~HH - - , % HHHGGGFEEDDDE~E}E}F}G~G~HH - - 1 : - - 1 : - - 1 : - - 1 : - - % DBA71 - - % DBA71 - - % DDA?=;::::<=51 - - % DDA?=;::::<=51 - - ; < - - > ? - - B C - - E F - - I J - - M M - - P Q - - T T - - W X - - [ \ - - ^ _ - - b c - - e f - - i j - - l m - - p q - - s t - - w x - - z { - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
% - - ! - - % - -
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | { - - y x - - u t - - r q - - n m - - k j - - g f - - d c - - ` _ - - ] \ - - Y X - - V U - - R Q - - N N - - K J - - H G - - D C - - @ ? - - = < - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - % MMQZQ__ZdM - - % MMQZQ__ZdM - - MM HM - - MM HM - - Md Hd - - Md Hd - - ZR ZX - - MM Md - - MM Md - - , % MHdHeHeGeGfGfFeEeEdDdDMDLEKEKEKFKGKGLHMH - - , % MHdHeHeGeGfGfFeEeEdDdDMDLEKEKEKFKGKGLHMH - - 1V :V - - 1V :V - - 1Z :Z - - 1Z :Z - - % dDcBcAm7m1 - - % dDcBcAm7m1 - - % MDMDMAN?P=R;U:W:Z:]:_<a=h5h1 - - % MDMDMAN?P=R;U:W:Z:]:_<a=h5h1 - - ;V <V - - >V ?V - - BV CV - - EV FV - - IV JV - - MV MV - - PV QV - - TV TV - - WV XV - - [V \V - - ^V _V - - bV cV - - eV fV - - iV jV - - lV mV - - pV qV - -
% VsVtVt - - tX tY - - sZ rZ - - pZ oZ - - lZ kZ - - hZ hZ - - eZ dZ - - aZ aZ - - ^Z ]Z - - ZZ ZZ - - WZ VZ - - SZ RZ - - PZ OZ - - LZ KZ - - IZ HZ - - EZ DZ - - BZ AZ - - >Z =Z - -
% Z:Z:Z: - - . % S-S+T*V(X(Z([)]*^,^-S-T-T/U0V1X2Y1[1\/].]- - - . % S-S+T*V(X(Z([)]*^,^-S-T-T/U0V1X2Y1[1\/].]- - - . % e-f+f*h(j(l(n)o*p,p-e-f-f/g0h1j2l1m1n/o.o- - - . % e-f+f*h(j(l(n)o*p,p-e-f-f/g0h1j2l1m1n/o.o- - - " % (# }zwtr p n!m#m) - - " % (# }zwtr p n!m#m) - - " % (! ~zvrol i h!h( - - " % (! ~zvrol i h!h( - - % MZZM - - % MZZM - - M H - - M H - - M H - - M H - - Z Z - - M M - - M M - - , % HHHGGGFEEDDDEEEFGGHH - - , % HHHGGGFEEDDDEEEFGGHH - - 1 : - - 1 : - - 1 : - - 1 : - - % DBA71 - - % DBA71 - - % DDA?=;::::<=51 - - % DDA?=;::::<=51 - - ; < - - > ? - - B C - - E F - - I J - - M M - - P Q - - T T - - W X - - [ \ - - ^ _ - - b c - - e f - - i j - - l m - - p q - - s t - - w x - - z { - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
% - - ! - - % - -
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | { - - y x - - u t - - r q - - n m - - k j - - g f - - d c - - ` _ - - ] \ - - Y X - - V U - - R Q - - N N - - K J - - G G - - D C - - @ ? - - = < - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - . % -+*((()*,---/01211/.- - - " % (# !#( - - " % (# !#( - - " % (! !( - - " % (! !( - - " % (# !#( - - " % (# !#( - - " % (! !( - - " % (! !( - - " % !UFVHVIVJVKVLVMUNUOUOUOUOUOUPU - - " % !UFVHVIVJVKVLVMUNUOUOUOUOUOUPU - - J %# aUaUbUdUeUgUiUkUmUoUqUsUtUuUvUxUyUzU|U}UUUUUUUUUUUVUVUV - - J %# aUaUbUdUeUgUiUkUmUoUqUsUtUuUvUxUyUzU|U}UUUUUUUUUUUVUVUV - - : % VUUUUUUUUUUUUUTUUUUUUUUUUUU - - : % VUUUUUUUUUUUUUTUUUUUUUUUUUU - - : % UUUUUTUUUTTTTTUUUUUUUUUUUUU - - : % UUUUUTUUUTTTTTUUUUUUUUUUUUU - - % (%%( - - % (%%( - - * % - - * % - - - $ - - - % - - - $
- - - %
- - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - - - - - - - - %
F[E\E]E]F^F]H]H\HZGZFZF[FZ - - %
F[E\E]E]F^F]H]H\HZGZFZF[FZ - - %
J_L`L`LaKbJaI`H`I^I^J^J_J^ - - %
J_L`L`LaKbJaI`H`I^I^J^J_J^ - - %
KXMYMZMZL[KZJZIYJXJXKXKXKX - - %
KXMYMZMZL[KZJZIYJXJXKXKXKX - - %
N\O]O]O^O^N^M]L]M[M[N[N\N[ - - %
N\O]O]O^O^N^M]L]M[M[N[N\N[ - - %
cXbXbYbYbZcYeYeXeWdWcWcXcW - - %
cXbXbYbYbZcYeYeXeWdWcWcXcW - - %
iWhXhXhYiZiYkXkXkVjViViWiV - - %
iWhXhXhYiZiYkXkXkVjViViWiV - - %
q\p\p]p^p^q^r]s\r[r[q[q\q[ - - %
q\p\p]p^p^q^r]s\r[r[q[q\q[ - - %
yZwZw[w\x\y\z[zZzYyYyYyZyY - - %
yZwZw[w\x\y\z[zZzYyYyYyZyY - - %
|]~^~^~`}`|`{^z^{]|]|]|]|] - - %
|]~^~^~`}`|`{^z^{]|]|]|]|] - - %
lZm[m[m\l]l\j[j[jYkYlYlZlY - - %
lZm[m[m\l]l\j[j[jYkYlYlZlY - - %
fZhZh[h[g\f[e[eZeYfYfYfZfY - - %
fZhZh[h[g\f[e[eZeYfYfYfZfY - - %
c\e\e]e^d^c^b]a\b[c[c[c\c[ - - %
c\e\e]e^d^c^b]a\b[c[c[c\c[ - - %
j^k^k_k`j`j`h_g^h]i]j]j^j] - - %
j^k^k_k`j`j`h_g^h]i]j]j^j] - - %
oXqXqYqZpZoZnYmXnWoWoWoXoW - - %
oXqXqYqZpZoZnYmXnWoWoWoXoW - - %
uXvXvYvYvZuYtYsXtWtWuWuXuW - - %
uXvXvYvYvZuYtYsXtWtWuWuXuW - - %
}WXXY~Y}Y|X{X|V}V}V}W}V - - %
}WXXY~Y}Y|X{X|V}V}V}W}V - - %
Z[\\]\\~[ZZZZZ - - %
Z[\\]\\~[ZZZZZ - - %
v\w]w^w^v_v^t^t]t\u\v\v\v\ - - %
v\w]w^w^v_v^t^t]t\u\v\v\v\ - - %
XXYYZYYXWWWXW - - %
XXYYZYYXWWWXW - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
ZZ[\\\[ZYYYZY - - %
ZZ[\\\[ZYYYZY - - %
]^^```^^]]]]] - - %
]^^```^^]]]]] - - %
Z[[\]\[[YYYZY - - %
Z[[\]\[[YYYZY - - %
ZZ[[\[[ZYYYZY - - %
ZZ[[\[[ZYYYZY - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
^^_```_^]]]^] - - %
^^_```_^]]]^] - - %
XXYZZZYXWWWXW - - %
XXYZZZYXWWWXW - - %
XXYYZYYXWWWXW - - %
XXYYZYYXWWWXW - - %
WXXYYYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYYYXXVVVWV - - %
Z[\\]\\[ZZZZZ - - %
Z[\\]\\[ZZZZZ - - %
\]^^_^^]\\\\\ - - %
\]^^_^^]\\\\\ - - %
XXXYZYXXWWWXW - - %
XXXYZYXXWWWXW - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
[\]]^]]\[[[[[ - - %
[\]]^]]\[[[[[ - - %
Z[[\]\[[YYYZY - - %
Z[[\]\[[YYYZY - - %
YZ[[\[[ZXXXYX - - %
YZ[[\[[ZXXXYX - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
\\]^^^]\[[[\[ - - %
]^_```_^]]]]] - - %
]^_```_^]]]]] - - %
XXYZZZYXWWWXW - - %
XXYZZZYXWWWXW - - %
XXXYZYXXWWWXW - - %
XXXYZYXXWWWXW - - %
\]]^_^]][[[\[ - - %
\]]^_^]][[[\[ - - % ,%%, - - % ,%%, - - % ,, . .., -
&Arial א - - .
- - ! : ! ; ! ; ! < ! < ! = ! = ! > ! > ! ? ! ? ! @ ! @ ! A ! A ! B - - - $ % B::::;;<=>??AABB - - " % AAA@@??>=<;;;;A - - - " $ B<<=<<<<===>?BB - - - " % B<<=<<<<===>?BB - - - ! < ! < ! = ! = ! > ! > ! ? ! ? ! @ ! @ ! A ! A ! B ! C ! D - - - * % DCCCCBB<<?@A?<<BCDD - - D D - - - D $ ?>>ABBB?>=;:::;<<<;;;<=>?@AAA@?? - - - D % ?>>ABBB?>=;:::;<<<;;;<=>?@AAA@?? - - - ! < ! = ! = ! > ! > ! ? ! ? ! @ ! @ ! A ! A ! A ! B ! B - - - @ % ABBBA A @ @???>>>===> ><<<=>?BBBBA - - %
??@@AAA@@? - - - V $) @@A A A
A
@
@
@ ??>==<<<
<
= = >
>
====>>>> >
? ? @ A
B BBAA@ - - - V %) @@A A A
A
@
@
@ ??>==<<<
<
= = >
>
====>>>> >
? ? @ A
B BBAA@ - "System - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ $ RJJPQPJJRRKRRKRR - - - $ % RJJPQPJJRRKRRKRR - - - ! L ! M ! M ! N ! N - ! O - ! P ! Q ! Q ! R - - - . % PPQRRRPONLLLMOOOPQQQP - - % NNNMMMN - - - ! J ! K ! L - ! M - ! Q ! R - - - ( % QRRRPMMLLKJLLMMPQQ - - Q Q - - - ! L ! M ! M ! N ! N - ! O - ! P ! Q ! Q ! R - - - . % PPQR RRPONL LLMOOOQ Q QQP - - % NNNM MMN - - - $ RLLMLLMMMMNORR - - - % RLLMLLMMMMNORR - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $
*' ( +++. / ,* - - - %
*' ( +++. / ,* - - - ! 2 ! 0 ! 3 !
0 !
4 ! 1 ! 0 ! 3 ! 0 ! 3 ! 0 ! 2 - - - @ % 41000112344
3
3 2 2 1
0
0
0 1 2 3 3 4 4
5
5554 - - 4 4 - - %
4211122334 - - - 6 $ :;::8666 7 8 9 : :
9
9
9 8 8 7
77899: - - - 6 % :;::8666 7 8 9 : :
9
9
9 8 8 7
77899: - - - ! < ! @ !
< !
@ ! < ! @ ! < ! @ ! < ! ? ! < ! ? - - - @ @ - - * % @><<<<< = ===>??@@ A A@ - - - ! B ! E !
B !
E ! B ! E ! B ! E ! B ! E ! B ! D - - - E E - - * % EDBBBBB C CCCDDEEE F FE - - - D $ HH I I I J J K L L
N P
POOO
N
N M M
L
LLKKK J J I
IIH - - - D % HH I I I J J K L L
N P
POOO
N
N M M
L
LLKKK J J I
IIH - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ 2 233 7 7 2 - - - % 2 233 7 7 2 - - - - ! 8 - - ! 8 - - - - % 88998 - - % 8 899 8 - - - * $ ; ;<<=>>@@@ ? ??>=<<< ; - - - * % ; ;<<=>>@@@ ? ??>=<<< ; - - - ! C ! A ! C ! A ! E ! A ! E - ! A - ! D ! A ! D ! B - - - . % E F D C B A A ABCDEFF F B B C D D E - - % BEEDCCBB - - -
&Arial - - .
- - & $ - - - & % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - B % - - %
- - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - * $ - - - * % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $
' %&% '' - - - %
' %&% '' - - - ! ! ! " ! " ! # ! # ! $ ! $ ! % ! % ! & ! & ! & ! ' ! ' - - - F %! &'''%%$$$####"""""##"!!!!""#%'''& - - %
$$%%&&&%%$ - - - $ ' '' - - - % ' '' - - - $
'!!%&%!!'' - - - %
'!!%&%!!'' - - - ! ! ! " ! " ! # ! # - ! $ - ! % ! & ! & ! ' - - - , % %%&'''&$"!!!#$$$&&&% - - % ###"""# - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $
- - - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 8 %
- - - - %
- - - 8 $ - - - 8 % - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - - 0 $ ""! !!"""##" - - - 0 % ""! !!"""##" - - - H $" $$%%%&&'(()*+,,,+++**)))(((''&%%%$ - - - H %" $$%%%&&'(()*+,,,+++**)))(((''&%%%$ - - -
&Arial - - .
- - X $*
- - - X %*
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - @ % - - %
- - - . $ - - - . % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - < % !!!! !!"""! - - % !!! - - - ! % ! $ ! ( ! $ ! ( - ! $ - ! ( ! % ! ( ! & - - - 0 % ())(('&$$$%')))%%&''(( - - % %(('%% - - -
&Arial - - .
- - ! g ! k ! g ! k ! g ! l ! g ! k ! g ! l ! g ! l ! g ! l ! g ! k ! g - - - $ % g gjllmmmllmmmlk g - - % hjkkllkkjhh - - % hjkklllljhh - - - ! n ! r ! n ! r ! o ! q ! o ! q ! o ! q - ! p - ! o ! o - - - , % o o o o p p p noppqqqrsq q p o - - o o - - - $ ssvvs - - - % ssvvs - - - ! x ! y ! x ! y ! { ! x ! | ! x ! | ! x ! { ! x ! y ! { ! x ! y - ! x - - - - . % x xyyyz||}}}||{{ z z y yy x - - % yyz{{|||{zyy - - - ! ~ ! } ! ! ~ ! ! } ! ! } ! ! ~ ! ! ! ! - - - D % ~}}}}~~}~~ - - % ~~ - - - P $& - - - P %& - - - P $& - - - P %& - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ q,n$o$q*q*r+r*t$u$r,q, - - - % q,n$o$q*q*r+r*t$u$r,q, - - - ! &w ! 'w ! 'z ! (v ! (x ! )v ! )z ! *v ! *z ! +w ! +z ! +z ! ,x ! ,z - - - D % z+z+y,x,x,w+v+v*v*v)w)x(x(z(z(z'y'x'w(v(w'w&y&{&{'{({){,|,{,z,z+ - - % z)y)x)x*w*w+x+z+z*z*z) - - - $ |,|$}$},|, - - - % |,|$}$},|, - - - $
,&&)+*&&,, - - - %
,&&)+*&&,, - - - ! & ! ' ! ' ! ( ! ( ! ) ! * ! * ! + ! + ! , - - - 2 % **+,,,*)(&&&())))**+++* - - % ((('''( - - -
&Arial - - .
- - ! W ! W ! X ! X ! Y ! Y ! Z ! Z - ! [ - - - - % _WWWWYZ[[[__ - - %
ZZZYYXWWWZ - - - . $ _^____]]YY\]^^^^\YY__ - - - . % _^____]]YY\]^^^^\YY__ - - - : $ _YYZYYYZYYY[__[ZZ[__[ZZZ\__ - - - : % _YYZYYYZYYY[__[ZZ[__[ZZZ\__ - - - ! Y ! Y ! Z ! Z ! Z ! [ ! [ ! \ ! \ ! ] ! ] ! ^ ! ^ ! ^ ! _ ! _ - ! ` - - - - * % aYYZYYY[\]^^___^^aa - - % \]^^^]]\[ZZZ[\ - - -
&Arial - - .
- - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 0 % - - & % - - - $ - - - % - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - . $ - - - . % - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - 4 $ - - - 4 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! - - - 0 % - - % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ - - - % - - - . $ - - - . % - - - ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! - - - . % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - H $" - - - H %" - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - $ % - - %
- - - 8 $ - - - 8 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - $ % - - %
- - - * $
- - - * %
- - - !
! !
! ! !
! !
! !
! !
! ! !
! - !
- - - - & %
- - %
- - - $ - - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! - - - . % - - % - - - N $% !! - - - N %% !! - - - - > % z2z2z1{.}-~,+++,,--,+)'$" - - > % z2z2z1{.}-~,+++,,--,+)'$" - - 6 % }}} | ||} !""#%&')*+,.02 - - 6 % }}} | ||} !""#%&')*+,.02 - - ! 2w - - % w6w2}2}6w6 - - ! 2 - - % 62266 - - % z6zBQff6 - - % z6zBQff6 - - W W - - W W - - ] ] - - ] ] - - d d - - d d - - T T - - T T - - Z Z - - Z Z - - ` ` - - ` ` - - H D - - H D - - J G - - J G - - L I - - L I - - O L - - O L - - E B - - E B - - F D - - F D - - I F - - I F - - K I - - K I - - M K - - M K - - C} B} - - C} B} - - % - - % - - % - - % - - - - - - - - - - , % - - , % - - . % - - . % - - F %! - - F %! - - F %! - - F %! - - Z Z - - Z Z - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - V V - - V V - - % - - % - - % - - % - - 6 - - 6 - - 6 - - 6 - -
% 6 6 - -
% 6 6 - -
% 6 - -
% 6 - - 6 6 - - 6 6 - - - - - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % -
&Arial - - .
- - $ - - - % - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! - - - . % ! " ! " " " ! - - % ! ! - - - $ $ $ % % % & ' ' & & % % % $ - - - % $ $ % % % & ' ' & & % % % $ - - - @ $ ' ' ( ( ( ) * * + + - / / . . . - , , + + * * * ) ) ( ( ( ' - - - @ % ' ' ( ( ( ) * * + + - / / . . . - , , + + * * * ) ) ( ( ( ' - - - ! 3 ! 1 ! 4 ! 1 ! 4 ! 1 ! 5 ! 1 ! 5 ! 1 ! 4 ! 1 ! 4 ! 2 - - - & % 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 1 1 - - % 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 - - - : $ ; < ; ; : 9 8 7 7 7 8 9 : ; ; : : : 9 9 8 8 8 9 : : ; - - - : % ; < ; ; : 9 8 7 7 7 8 9 : ; ; : : : 9 9 8 8 8 9 : : ; - - - ! ? ! = ! @ ! = ! @ ! = ! A ! = ! A ! = ! @ ! = ! @ ! > - - - & % = = > ? @ A B B B A A @ @ ? > = = - - % > > ? @ @ A A A @ @ ? ? > > - - - ! C ! F ! C ! F ! C ! F ! C ! F ! C ! F ! D ! E ! D - - - F F - - . % F E D D C C C C C D D D D E E F F F G G F - - - ! L ! J ! M ! J ! M ! J ! N ! J ! N ! J ! M ! J ! K ! M ! J ! L - ! J - - - - 0 % J J K K K L L M N N O O O N N M M L L K K J - - % K K L M M N N N M M L L K K - - - $ P P Q Q P - - - % P P Q Q P - - - ! U ! S ! U ! S ! W ! S ! W ! R ! S ! V ! S ! V ! T - - - 4 % W X V U T S S R S S T U V W X X X S S T U V V W - - %
S W W V V U U T S S - - -
&Arial - - .
- - B $ ''(***
(
&
#!!""#$$##"""##%(())((' - - - B % ''(***
(
&
#!!""#$$##"""##%(())((' - - - . $ *!!$$$$%%&**&%%$%%&** - - - . % *!!$$$$%%&**&%%$%%&** - - - ! $ ! $ ! % ! % ! & ! & ! ' ! ( ! ( ! ) ! ) ! * - - - . % (!(!) ) * * * ) (' & $ $ $!&!'!' ' ) ) ( - - % & & & % % $ & - - - 2 $ &''(%*$*#*")"'"%#$$$&$&%%&%%$$#%#'#($)%)%(&(&' - - - 2 % &''(%*$*#*")"'"%#$$$&$&%%&%%$$#%#'#($)%)%(&(&' - - - $
(*(!)!)&+$-$*&-*+*)')')*(* - - - %
(*(!)!)&+$-$*&-*+*)')')*(* - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ 7//4654//77 - - - % 7//4654//77 - - - ! 1 ! 1 ! 2 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 4 ! 5 ! 5 ! 6 ! 6 ! 6 ! 7 ! 7 - - - > % 66776554433332212222111 2 3 4 776 - - %
4445666554 - - - $ 7 / / 7 7 - - - % 7 / / 7 7 - - - $ !7 1!1"4"5"5#4$1%1#7!7 - - - % !7 1!1"4"5"5#4$1%1#7!7 - - - ! 1& ! 1( ! 2% ! 2) ! 3% ! 3) - ! 4% - ! 5) ! 6& ! 6) ! 7' - - - 0 % )5*5*6)6)7(7'7%5%4%3&1(1*1*4*4&4&5'6(6(6)6)5 - - % &3)3)2(2(1'2&2&3 - - - - - $
- - - %
- -
%
- -
%
- - % LZZL - - % LZZL - - L G - - L G - - L G - - L G - - Z Z - - L L - - L L - - , % GGGGGFEEDDDDDDEEFGGG - - , % GGGGGFEEDDDDDDEEFGGG - - 0 9 - - 0 9 - - 0 9 - - 0 9 - - % DA@60 - - % DA@60 - - % DCA><;:99:;=50 - - % DCA><;:99:;=50 - - : ; - - > > - - A B - - E E - - H I - - L M - - O P - - S T - - V W - - Z [ - - ] ^ - - a b - - d e - - h i - - k l - - o p - - s s - - v w - - z z - - } ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - { z - - w w - - t s - - p p - - m l - - i h - - f e - - b a - - _ ^ - - [ Z - - X W - - T S - - P P - - M L - - J I - - F E - - B B - - ? > - - ; : - - . % ,+)(''(*+,,,./0110/-, - - . % ,+)(''(*+,,,./0110/-, - - . % ,+) (''(*+,,,./ 0110/-, - - . % ,+) (''(*+,,,./ 0110/-, - - U U - - U U -
&Arial - - .
- - ^ $- - - - ^ %- - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - : $ - - - : % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - : % - - - - % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - H $" - - - H %" - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! - - - , % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - - | %< FbFdFeFgFiFjFlFmEoEqErEtDvDxCzC|CBBBBAAAAA@@@AAAABBBCCCDDDEEEEEEFFFFFFFFFFFE - - | %< EEEEEEEDDDDCCCCCBBBBBAAAA@@@?>=<;:9987777766665555444431/ - *( - - B % ('&&&%%$$$#####""""!!!!!!!! - - . % FbFdFeFgFiFjFlFmEoEqErEtDvDxCzC|CBBBBAAAAA@@@AAAABBBCCCDDDEEEEEEFFFFFFFFFFFEEEEEEEDDDDCCCCCBBBBBAAAA@@@?>=<;:9987777766665555444431/ - *('&&&%%$$$#####""""!!!!!!!! - - 4 % -126 8#:'<,=2?7@;A>AAACBGBIBKCMCOCRCTDVDXEZFb - - 4 % -126 8#:'<,=2?7@;A>AAACBGBIBKCMCOCRCTDVDXEZFb - - %
5\4\4]4^4^5^6]7\6[6[5[5\5[ - - %
5\4\4]4^4^5^6]7\6[6[5[5\5[ - - %
XYZ[[[ZYXXXXX - - %
XYZ[[[ZYXXXXX - - %
\]^^_^^]\\\\\ - - %
\]^^_^^]\\\\\ - - %
VWXXYXXWVVVVV - - %
VWXXYXXWVVVVV - - %
VVWXXXWVUUUVU - - %
VVWXXXWVUUUVU - - %
YZ[[\[[ZYYYYY - - %
YZ[[\[[ZYYYYY - - %
0^1_1`1`1a0`/`._/^/^0^0^0^ - - %
0^1_1`1`1a0`/`._/^/^0^0^0^ - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
WXXYZYXXVVVWV - - %
ZZ[\\\[ZYYYZY - - %
ZZ[\\\[ZYYYZY - - %
YZZ[ \[ZZXXXYX - - %
YZZ[ \[ZZXXXYX - - %
[\]]^]]\[[[[[ - - %
[\]]^]]\[[[[[ - - %
]^^_`_^ ^]]]]] - - %
]^^_`_^ ^]]]]] - - %
3X1X1Y1Z2Z3Z4Y5X4W3W3W3X3W - - %
3X1X1Y1Z2Z3Z4Y5X4W3W3W3X3W - - %
#$%# - - #V )V - - #V )V - - #Z )Z - - #Z )Z - - : % PPP Q!R"V#X#Z#^"^"_!` `````_^[ X U RQPPP - - . % S S T V X Z [ ] ^ ^ S T T U V X Y [ \ ] ] - - . % S S T V X Z [ ] ^ ^ S T T U V X Y [ \ ] ] - - V V - - V V - - Z Z - - Z Z - - %
S R R R R S ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ] S - - %
S R R R R S ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] S - - % R R R R S ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] R - - " % R R R R R R ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] ] R R - - %
R R R R R R ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] R - - %
R R R R R R ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] R - - % R R R R R ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] R - - %
R R R R R R ] ^ ^ ^ ^ ] R - - ] V - - ] V - - S Y - - S Y - - ] V - - ] V - - S X - - S X - - ] V - - ] V - - R X - - R X - - ] V - - ] V - - R Y - - R Y - - ] V - - ] V - - R Y - - R Y - - ] V - - ] V - - R Y - - R Y - - \ V - - \ V - - R X - - R X - - V S - - V S - - [ U - - [ U - - % _ _ ] X S P - - % _ _ ] X S P - - % Q S X Z ] _ - - % Q S X Z ] _ - - P P - - P P - - _ _ - - _ _ - - U R - - U R - - Y U - - Y U - - % | | | | - - 6 - - 6 - - 6 - - 6 - - - - - - - - - -
% - -
% - - % - - % - - - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $
- - - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 2 % - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - @ % - - %
- - - * $ - - - * % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 2 % - - % - - - - ! - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - $ % - - % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - & % - - %
- - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - " % - - " % - - - & $ - - - & % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ * * ( ( . . + + * - - - % * * ( ( . . + + * - - - . $ / / 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 / - - - . % / / 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 / - - - ! 7 ! 5 ! 8 ! 5 ! 9 ! 5 ! 9 - ! 5 - ! 8 ! 5 ! 8 - - - , % 9 : : 8 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 : : : 6 6 7 8 8 9 - - % 6 9 9 8 7 7 6 6 - - - ( $ < < = = = = > ? ? ? ? > > = = = = < - - - ( % < < = = = = > ? ? ? ? > > = = = = < - - - H $" ? ? @ @ @ A A B C C D E F F G G F F F E E D D D C C C B B A @ @ @ ? - - - H %" ? ? @ @ @ A A B C C D E F F G G F F F E E D D D C C C B B A @ @ @ ? - - - ! K ! I ! L ! I ! L ! I ! M ! I ! M ! I ! L ! I ! L - - - %
I I J K L M N N N M K I I - - % J J K L L M M M L L K K J J - - - : $ S T T S Q O O O P Q R S S T S R R Q Q P P P Q R R S S - - - : % S T T S Q O O O P Q R S S T S R R Q Q P P P Q R R S S - - - ! W ! U ! X ! U ! X ! U ! Y ! U ! Y ! U ! X ! U ! X - - - %
U U V W X Y Z Z Z Y W U U - - % V V W X X Y Y Y X X W W V V - - - * $ _ _ ^ ] [ [ [ [ [ \ \ \ \ ] _ _ ` ` _ - - - * % _ _ ^ ] [ [ [ [ [ \ \ \ \ ] _ _ ` ` _ - - - ! b ! d ! b ! c ! e ! b ! e ! b ! f ! b ! f ! b ! e ! b ! d - ! b - - - - & % b b c c c d e e g g g f d d c c b - - % c c d e e f f f e e d d c c - - - $ h h i i h - - - % h h i i h - - - ! m ! k ! n ! k ! o ! j ! o ! j ! k ! n ! k ! n - - - . % o p o m k k j k k l m n o p p p k m n n o - - %
k o o n n m m l k k - - - J $# p q r r s t t s r q q q q r r s t u u t t s r r r r r s t u u u s q p - - - J %# p q r r s t t s r q q q q r r s t u u t t s r r r r r s t u u u s q p - - - - % !L!LL!L - - / - - / - - - $ - - - % - - - - - - - $ - - - % -
&Arial - - .
- - @ $ o p p o m k i i i j k l m n p p o o n m k k j j j l m n o o - - - @ % o p p o m k i i i j k l m n p p o o n m k k j j j l m n o o - - - ! t ! r ! t ! q ! u ! q ! u ! q ! u ! q ! u ! r ! t - - - %
q q r s t u v v v t r q q - - % r r s t t u u u t s r r - - - 0 $ x x y y z { | | } } } } | | | { z z y y y x - - - 0 % x x y y z { | | } } } } | | | { z z y y y x - - - - ! - ! ! ! ~ ! ! ! ~ ! ! ~ ! ! ~ ! ! ~ ! ! ! - - - - - " % ~ ~ ~ - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! - - - . % - - % - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - - X $* - - - X %* - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! - - - , % - - % - - - ( $ - - - ( % - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ - - - % - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - ! ! ! - ! - ! ! - - - ( % - - - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - . % - - % - - - " $ - - - " % - - - - % U T S Q P M K F - - % U T S Q P M K F - - % Y Y W U R O M F - - % Y Y W U R O M F - - - 0 $ B D F G G G F E C B B B A ? > > > > @ A B B - - - 0 % B D F G G G F E C B B B A ? > > > > @ A B B - - - - - - - - - - . % - - . % - - > - - > - - > - - > - - % CCCA<52/*''' - - % CCCA<52/*''' - - C ' - - C ' - - % *d'# # # # % , 4 C O - - % *d'# # # # % , 4 C O - - % PC ?+=6=<=?=A?hAAAA - - % PC ?+=6=<=?=A?hAAAA -
&Arial - - .
- - ! r ! r ! w ! r ! w ! r ! w ! r ! u ! r ! u ! r ! v ! r ! w ! r ! w - - - 4 % rruwxxxwwvvwwxwvvuuttssr - - % suwwwuss - - - ! { ! z ! } ! y ! } - ! y - ! } ! z ! } ! { - - - 0 % }~~}|{yyy{|}~zz{|}} - - % z~}}|{z - - - < $ - - - < % - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - 6 $ - - - 6 % - - - , $ - - - , % - - - $ - - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - > % - - %
- - - - ! - ! - ! - ! ! - - - * % - - - - - - ! - - - - % - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - $ % - - %
- - - , $ - - - , % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - - - - % - - % - - - , $ - - - , % - - - > $ - - - > % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - - - - ( % - - % - - - - %
B^C^C_C`B`B`@_@^@]A]B]B^B] - - %
B^C^C_C`B`B`@_@^@]A]B]B^B] - - %
BXCYCZCZB[BZ@Z@Y@XAXBXBXBX - - %
BXCYCZCZB[BZ@Z@Y@XAXBXBXBX - - %
=[>\>\>]>^=]<\;\<Z=Z=Z=[=Z - - %
=[>\>\>]>^=]<\;\<Z=Z=Z=[=Z - - %
.Z/[/[/\/].\,[,[,Y-Y.Y.Z.Y - - %
.Z/[/[/\/].\,[,[,Y-Y.Y.Z.Y - - %
%X&X&Y&Z%[%Z#Y#X#W$W%W%X%W - - %
%X&X&Y&Z%[%Z#Y#X#W$W%W%X%W - - %
%^&^&_&`%`%`#_#^#]$]%]%^%] - - %
%^&^&_&`%`%`#_#^#]$]%]%^%] -
&Arial - - .
- - B $ ABB@?><;;;<>?@ABBAA@@?><<<>?@AA - - - B % ABB@?><;;;<>?@ABBAA@@?><<<>?@AA - - - ! D ! E ! C ! G ! C ! G ! C ! G ! C ! G ! C ! F ! D - - - %
CCDEGHHHFEDCC - - % DDEFGGGFEEDD - - - . $ JJKKLMMNOOONNNMMLKKKJ - - - . % JJKKLMMNOOONNNMMLKKKJ - - - - ! T - ! Q ! R ! P ! S ! P ! T ! P ! T ! P ! S ! Q ! S ! T ! R ! T - - - $ % TTSRRQPPPQRTTUUT - - % QQRSSTTTRQQ - - - ! V ! X ! V ! Z ! V ! Z - ! V - ! Z ! V ! Y ! W - - - , % Z[[ZYXWVVVXZ[[[WWXYZ - - % WZZYXWW - - - 2 $ ]]^^_``aabbbaaa``__^^^] - - - 2 % ]]^^_``aabbbaaa``__^^^] - - - H $" cddeffffecccceggffeddddefgggffedcc - - - H %" cddeffffecccceggffeddddefgggffedcc - - - ! i ! k ! i ! m ! j ! i ! l ! i ! l ! i ! k ! m ! j ! m - - - B % mkkjjiiiijjklmmllkjiiikmmnnnnmm - - % mkjjjkkllllm - - - * $ qqppooonnooppqqpppq - - - * % qqppooonnooppqqpppq - - - ! r ! t ! r ! u ! r ! v ! q ! r ! v ! r ! u ! s - - - . % vwwvutsrrqrrtvwwwrtuv - - % rvvuutr - - - - Y Y - - Y Y - - - $ UY]]U - - - % UY]]U - - % O G D D D E KO - - % O G D D D E KO - - $ % yurrr - - $ % yurrr - - $ %
- - $ %
- - % R7QFF) - - % R7QFF) - - =V ? - - =V ? -
&Arial - - .
- - & $ qIqArAtGtHuHuGwAxAxIwIwBuItIrBrIqI - - - & % qIqArAtGtHuHuGwAxAxIwIwBuItIrBrIqI - - - ! Dz ! D| ! Ez ! E} ! Fz ! Gy ! G} ! Hy ! H| ! Iz ! I| ! Jz - - - : % }I|I{JzJzIyIyHyGzGzF{F}F}F}E|D{EzEyEzEzD|D~D~E~F~G~I}I - - I} I} - - % }G{G{GzGzHzH{I|I|H}H}G - - - & $ IDDEDDDEFIIFEDFII - - - & % IDDEDDDEFIIFEDFII - - - ! D ! D ! E ! E ! F ! F ! G ! G ! H ! H ! I ! I ! J - - - % GFDDDGIIJJHG - - %
GHHIIIHGEEDFG - - - > $ IDDEDDDEDDFIIFDDEFIIFEEDEEGII - - - > % IDDEDDDEDDFIIFDDEFIIFEEDEEGII - - - ! D ! D ! E ! E ! F ! F - ! G - ! H ! I ! I ! J - - - , % HHIIJJHGFDDDGGGHIIIH - - % FFEDEEF - - - - ! B - ! D - ! E - ! I ! J - - - , % IJJJIIHEEDDBBDDEEHII - - I I - - - ! D ! D ! E ! E ! F ! F - ! G - ! H ! I ! I ! J - - - , % HHIIJJHGFDDDGGGHIIIH - - % FFEEDEEF - - - $ IDDDDDDEDEEFII - - - % IDDDDDDEDEEFII - - -
&Arial - - .
- - ^ $- ( ( ) ) * * ) ) ( ( ' ' ' ' & & & % $ $ # # " " " # # % % $ # # # $ % % & & ' ( * * * ) ( - - - ^ %- ( ( ) ) * * ) ) ( ( ' ' ' ' & & & % $ $ # # " " " # # % % $ # # # $ % % & & ' ( * * * ) ( - - - $ ( ' ' ( ( - - - % ( ' ' ( ( - - - $ * # # " " # # * * - - - % * # # " " # # * * - - - . $ - , , , + + + * $ $ ( ) ( $ $ + , , , - - - - - . % - , , , + + + * $ $ ( ) ( $ $ + , , , - - - - - ! $ ! $ ! % ! % ! % ! & ! & ! ' ! ' ! ( ! ( ! ) ! ) ! * ! * - ! + - - - - ( % , $ $ % % % $ $ $ % % ' ) * * * , , - - % ( ) * * ) ' & % % & ( - - - ! $ ! % ! % ! & ! & ! ' ! ' - ! ( - ! ) ! * ! * - - - , % ) ) * * * ( % % $ % % & ' ( ( ) * * ) ) - - % ' ' & % % % & ' - - - ! " ! # ! # ! $ ! $ ! % ! % ! & ! & - ! ' - - - - %
* " " "##%&' ' ' * * - - %
& &&%# # # # # & - - - - ! " - - - - % #""## - - % *$$** - - - ! " ! # ! $ - ! % - - - - * * - - ( % ****)%%$$#"$$%%)** - - - ! $ ! % ! % ! & ! & ! ' ! '
! ( ! (
! ) ! ) ! * ! * - - - % ' %
% $ %
%&'(
)
* * * ' - - %
'
) * * )
(
'
' & % % %
&
' - - - ! " ! # ! $ - ! % - - - - * * - - ( % ****)%%$$#"$$%%)** - - -
&Arial - - .
- - $ : 3 3 2 2 3 3 : : - - - % : 3 3 2 2 3 3 : : - - - ! 5 ! 5 ! 6 ! 6 ! 7 ! 7 ! 8 ! 8 ! 9 ! 9 ! : ! : ! ; - - - : : - - 2 % : ; ; ; : : 9 9 8 5 5 8 9 9 : : 9 9 8 5 5 : : - - - - ! 2 - ! 4 ! 5 ! 5 ! 5 ! 6 ! 6 ! 7 ! 7 ! 8 ! 8 ! 9 ! 9 ! : ! : ! ; - - - $ % : : 2 2 5 5 4 5 5 8 : ; ; ; : : - - %
8 9 9 : : : 8 5 5 5 6 7 8 - - - ! 4 ! 5 ! 5 ! 6 ! 6 ! 7 ! 7 - ! 8 - ! 9 ! : ! : ! ; - - - 0 % 99::; ; 9 8 7 5 545588 8 9 :::9 - - % 7765 5 6 7 - - - - !
p - - % pp
u
up - - !
- - %
- - % rr)>> - - % rr)>> - - . . - - . . - - 5 5 - - 5 5 - - ; ; - - ; ; - - + + - - + + - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 8 8 - - 8 8 - - ~ - - ~ - - ! - - ! - - $ ! - - $ ! - - & # - - & # - - x z - - x z - - { | - - { | - - - - - - # - - # - - % # - - % # - - u v - - u v - - V %)
" % & & %
! & - - V %)
" % & & %
! & - - ! - - ! - - - $ - - - % - - % TX T H Hf - - % TX T H Hf - - R Y o A - - R Y o A - - - < $ R
RRR S T V!X!Z!\ ] ] ^ ^^
^^]]\ZXVTSRR R
- - - < % R
RRR S T V!X!Z!\ ] ] ^ ^^
^^]]\ZXVTSRR R
- - %
] ^ ^ _
` _^^] ] ] ] ] - - %
] ^ ^ _
` _^^] ] ] ] ] - - %
XXYZ[ZY XXXXXX - - %
XXYZ[ZY XXXXXX - - %
W X Y Y
Z YYXW W W W W - - %
W X Y Y
Z YYXW W W W W - - %
]]^^_^^ ]\\\]\ - - %
]]^^_^^ ]\\\]\ -
&Arial - - .
- - $ - - - % - - - ( $ - - - ( % - - - ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! - - - 0 % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - : $ - - - : % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - %
- - % - - - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - %
- - % - - - 2 $ - - - 2 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - - - - * % - - %
- - - $ - - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - . % - - % - - - -
% o a - -
% o a - - - $ j _d d j - - - % j _d d j -
&Arial - - .
- - L $$ - - - L %$ - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - D % - - % - - - $ - - - % - - - - ! - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - & % - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - % - - % - - - & $ - - - & % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 2 % - - % - - - * $ - - - * % - - - $ - - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - & % - - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - & % - - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - & % - - %
- - - - | [ - - | [ - - - $ gYd d g - - - % gYd d g - - - - - - - - - $ "0""" - - - % "0""" -
&Arial - - .
- - 0 $ - - - 0 % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - F %! - - % - - - - ! - - - - - - ( % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - 2 % - - % - - - $ $ - - - $ % - - - - - - - - - $ - - - % - - - - - - - $ - - - % - CG Times - - .
- - X $* - - - X %* - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! - !
- ! - - - * % - - % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - h %2 - - - - %
- - %
- - - L $$ - - - L %$ - - - H $" - - - H %" - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - : % - - %
- - - , $
- - - , %
- - - $ - - - % - - - - ! 1 - - ! 0 - ! / ! / ! 0 ! . ! 1 ! . ! 1 ! . ! 2 ! - ! 2 ! - ! 3 ! , ! 3 ! , ! 3 ! + ! 3 ! + ! 4 ! + ! 4 ! * ! 5 ! ) ! 5 ! ( ! 4 - - - B % (*++118899::33455433--,,+,--((( - - % ..3300. - - - P $& FEEDCBA@?>==;;=?ABCEDCBBBAA@?>>==?AEEF - - - P %& FEEDCBA@?>==;;=?ABCEDCBBBAA@?>>==?AEEF - - - ! K ! I ! M ! I ! N ! H ! O ! G ! I - ! G - ! G ! Q ! G ! Q ! H ! O ! H ! M ! I ! K - - - : % RROLHGGGHIIKMOPQQRIIIJKMQQR - - %
OOMMLJJIIO - - - 6 $ SUUVVYYVVVVWXYYYXVTTTTRRS - - - 6 % SUUVVYYVVVVWXYYYXVTTTTRRS - - - ! ` ! ^ ! ` ! \ ! b ! [ ! c ! [ ! c ! Z ! c ! Z ! d ! Z ! d ! [ ! d ! [ ! c ! [ ! c ! ] ! b ! ^ ! a ! _ - - - ( % Z\`bceffed`_^][[ZZ - - " % ]]`acdccb`_]]\] - - - ` $. ghhiiiihgggkklnopqrrrrrsttnnopppppnmlkkklmmggg - - - ` %. ghhiiiihgggkklnopqrrrrrsttnnopppppnmlkkklmmggg - - - ! w ! v ! v ! w ! x ! u - !
v - ! v - - - * % uvvvvvvvuuuyyyz{{uu - - % vvwxxywvv - - - 6 $ |~~}}}}{{| - - - 6 % |~~}}}}{{| - - - H $" - - - H %" - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! - !
- ! - - - ( % - - % - - - ( $ - - - ( % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - : % - - %
- - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - - - t %8 - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - - - b %/ - - %
- - - $C - - - %C - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! - ! - - ! - - - - D % - - ( % - - - ( $ - - - ( % - - - ! ! ! ! ! ! - !
- ! - - - ( % - - % - - - b $/ - - - b %/ - - - ! ! ! ! !
! !
! !
! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !
! - - - l %4
- - - - %
- - %
- - - 6 $ - - - 6 % - - - N $% !!!!! ##$$%&'((''&&%%%$###$$%%% - - - N %% !!!!! ##$$%&'((''&&%%%$###$$%%% - - - ! + ! * ! . ! ) ! . ! ) ! / ! ) ! / ! - ! / ! , ! / ! * ! / ! ) ! / ! ( ! / ! ( ! . ! ) ! - ! / ! ) ! 0 ! * ! 1 - - - b %/ ///..-,+++*)))*+-/11111122333221//.-+*))((*,-// - - %
/-+++,-.// - - - ! 7 ! 6 ! 6 ! 6 ! 8 ! 5 - !
6 - ! 6 - - - & % 5666666555999::55 - - % 667889766 - - - f $1 ;<<<===<<<;;;??@BCDEFFFFFGHHBBCCDDDDCCA@???@AA;;; - - - f %1 ;<<<===<<<;;;??@BCDEFFFFFGHHBBCCDDDDCCA@???@AA;;; - - - $
KKLMMNNNMLLKK - - - %
KKLMMNNNMLLKK - - - d L e v e l 1 L e v e l 2 L e v e l 3 L e v e l 4 L e v e l 5 ( 3$
! ( $ Figure 1
' ( ) I & m a g e <= 8 C HK K K K & 0 d d ( & O L E B o x <<= 8 C
! l X X EVALUATIONOFASAMPLINGMETHOD @ FORACETONITRILEEMISSIONSFROMSTATIONARYSOURCES# X X l1 # LarryD.JohnsonandRobertG.Fuerst H NationalExposureResearchLaboratoryU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyResearchTrianglePark,NC27711 JoetteL.StegerandJoanT.Bursey H EasternResearchGroupP.O.Box2010Morrisville,NC275602010PresentedAtEPA/A&WMAInternationalSymposiumMeasurementofToxicandRelatedAirPollutantsResearchTrianglePark,NCApril1997
-(+ X X l X X 7 X X d X X d 7 EVALUATIONOFASAMPLINGMETHOD X FORACETONITRILEEMISSIONSFROMSTATIONARYSOURCES# X X l # LarryD.JohnsonandRobertG.Fuerst 2 NationalExposureResearchLaboratoryU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyResearchTrianglePark,NC27711 JoetteL.StegerandJoanT.Bursey : EasternResearchGroupP.O.Box2010Morrisville,NC275602010 ABSTRACT
Amethodformeasurementofacetonitrileemissionsfromstationarysourcesofairpollutionhasbeenbadlyneeded.Acetonitrileisawidelyusedindustrialsolventandreactionmedium,andappearsinnumeroushazardouswastestreams.Acetonitrileisoneofthemostdifficultnonhalogenatedcompoundstoincinerate,andhasbeensuggestedasanexcellentcompoundforuseasahazardousconstituentspikeduringtrialburntestsofhazardouswastecombustors.Lackofaneffectivesamplingandanalysismethodhaspreventeditsutilization. Thispaperdescribessuccessfullaboratorydevelopmentandfieldevaluationofaneffectivemethodforsamplingacetonitrilefromstationarysources.TheacetonitrilesamplingtrainusesModifiedMethod5samplingproceduresandhardwarenearlyidenticaltothosedescribedinUSEPAMethod0010,butemploysCarboxen1000sorbentratherthanAmberliteXAD-2.AfieldevaluationconductedaccordingtoUSEPAMethod301demonstratedRSDsof17%and13%forthe20unspikedanddynamicallyspikedsamples,respectively.Thebiaswasstatisticallyinsignificant,sonobiascorrectionfactorwasrequired.Theestimateddetectionlimitforthemethodis60ppbv(100%g/m3),usingquantitationbyflameionizationdetector.
INTRODUCTION Amethodformeasurementofacetonitrileemissionsfromstationarysourcesofairpollutionhasbeenbadlyneededforanumberofyears.Acetonitrileisacomponentofmanyindustrialhazardouswastestreams,especiallyfromfiberglassandsyntheticfibermanufacturing.Acetonitrileisoneofthemostdifficultnonhalogenatedcompoundstoincinerate,andhasbeensuggestedasanexcellentcompoundforuseasahazardousconstituentspikeduringResourceConservationandRecoveryAct(RCRA)SubpartBtrialburntestsofhazardouswastecombustors.Itisimportanttohaveadifficulttoburnspikecompoundwhichdoesn'tproducehalogensorhalogenacidsuponcombustion,inordertotestcombustorsnotequippedwithscrubbersystems.Lackofaneffectivesamplingandanalysismethodforacetonitrilehaspreventeditsutilizationasaprincipalorganichazardousconstituent(POHC)indicatorcompound.Inadditiontoitsimportanceinthefieldofhazardouswastecombustion,acetonitrileisoneofthe189hazardousairpollutantslistedintheCleanAirActAmendmentsof1990.Acetonitrileisawidelyusedsolventandreactionmedium,andisemployedinproductionofsyntheticfibers,pharmaceuticals,petroleumproducts,perfumes,andfiberglass. The82Cboilingpointofacetonitrilealongwithitshighpolarityandhighwatersolubility,allmakethecompounddifficulttosamplefromstationarysourcesandtorecoverandanalyze -+. quantitatively.Unconfirmedreportshavebeenreceivedthatthecompoundhasbeensuccessfullysampledfromlowmoistureemissionorprocessstreams,usingamidgetimpingertrainwithwaterasthecollectionmedium.Intheory,amodifiedMethod0030/5041a(VOST)procedure1shouldalso 8 workforsourcesdryenoughthatnomoisturedropsarepresentinthestack,andnocondensateisformedduringsamplecollection.Thesamplewouldbecollectedasusual,usingMethod0030,butwouldbeanalyzedbyamodified5041awherethewaterfilledpurgeandtrapchamberwouldbeomitted.Thismodificationwouldavoidproblemscausedbythepoorefficiencyandprecisionofpurgingofacetonitrile.Nowrittenreportsofapplicationofeitheroftheseapproacheshavebeenidentified.Inanycase,manyoftheemissionsfromsourcesofinterestcontainmoderatetohighmoisturelevels,whichgreatlycomplicatetheprocessofcollectingandanalyzingarepresentativesampleforacetonitrile.Thefirstcomplicationoccursveryearlyinthesamplingprocess.Ifwaterdropletslargerthan2marepresentintheemissionstream,thenisokineticsamplingisnecessaryinordertoavoidnonrepresentativesamplingofdissolvedacetonitrile.Thisimmediatelyrulesouttheuseofmostmethodsusuallyusedforvolatileorganics,includingMethod0030,Method00311, 0
Method00401,andMethod182.Eachofthesemethodsalsocontainsthepotentialforserious x
acetonitrilerecoveryproblemsduringanalysis,causedbythecombinationofhighwatersolubilityandvolatility.Method0010,a.k.a.MM5orSemiVOST,samplesisokineticallybutisdesignedforcollectionofcompoundswithboilingpointsabove100C.LowerboilingcompoundsbindlessstronglytotheXAD2sorbent,andaresweptofftheendofthecolumnbeforesamplingiscompleted. Considerabletimeandeffortwasexpendedtryingtoturnthehighwatersolubilityofacetonitrileintoasamplingassetratherthanaliability.3Aprojectwascarriedouttoevaluate collectionofacetonitrileinwaterfilledimpingersusingstandardMethod5hardware2.Theintent wastodemonstrateatrainsimilarinprincipletothereportedmidgetimpingertrain,butcapableofisokineticsampling.Theprojectwasabandonedafteracondensatecollectorfollowedby6sequentialwaterimpingersonlycollected72%oftheacetonitrile.Apparentlytherelativelyhighergasflowratesthroughtheisokinetictrainmakequantitativetrappingofacetonitrileinwaterimpractical.Attemptstoincreasethecollectionefficiencybycoolingtheimpingersandbyplacingoilybarrierlayersonthewaterwereunsuccessful. EXPERIMENTAL x Itwasdecidedthatanexperimentaltrainconfigurationwithabackupsorbenttrapafterwater h impingerswouldbeinherentlyinferiortoonewiththesorbentaheadoftheimpingers.Assumingthesorbenthadadequate"stoppingpower,"thelatterdesignwouldconcentratemostoftheacetonitrileonthesorbent,whiletheformerconfigurationwouldresultinthecompoundofinterestbeingdistributedthroughaseriesofimpingersandasorbentbed. FinalMethod %"% InvestigationofrevisionstotheMethod0010technology4,5,6producedamethodcapableof %#& isokineticsamplingandanalysisofacetonitrile,whichperformedbetterthanneededtomeetMethod301acceptancecriteria.7ThesamplingtrainconfigurationfortheAcetonitrileSamplingMethodis '%( showninFigure1.ReadersfamiliarwithMethod0010willrecognizethattheonlychangeintheequipmentisthesubstitutionofCarboxen1000sorbentfortheXAD2thatisusuallyusedinMethod0010.Theanalyticalrecoverymethodemploysareversegravityor"backflush"extractionwithdichloromethaneratherthantheusualSoxhletextraction.Determinativeanalysis,forthisstudy,wasbyGasChromatographywithFlameIonizationDetection(GC/FID).Otherdetectorsystems,suchastheNitrogenPhosphorusDetector(NPD)couldbeusedwiththismethod,butMassSpectrometry(MS)usuallyperformspoorlyforacetonitrile. h.,/ Ї LaboratoryPhase X SorbentSelection. ThefirststepinmodifyingMethod0010foracetonitrilecollectionwasto H identifyandevaluateasorbentwithasufficientlyhighvolumetricbreakthroughcapacityforacetonitrilethatcollectionwouldbequantitativeaftertwohoursofsampling.Itwasfurtherreasonedthattheextremelyhighwatersolubilityofacetonitrilemightresultinatendencyforliquidcondensatetostripthecompoundfromthesorbentbedduringsampling.Theinitialscreeningtestsforsorbentperformancemeasuredtheabilityofthesorbenttoremoveacetonitrilefromwaterandtoreleasetheacetonitrileuponextraction. Selectionoftheeightsorbentsforinitialscreeningwasbasedonaliteraturesurvey,discussionswithsorbentsuppliers,andpreviousexperienceoftheinvestigators.Table1showstheeightsorbents,suppliersofeachsorbent,andtheresultsofinitialscreeningtests."%ACNRetained"istheportionoftheacetonitrileretainedonasorbentcolumnwhenanaqueoussolutionof250ppm T
concentrationwaspassedthroughit.Thepercentageretainedwasacquiredbyanalysisoftheeluantforacetonitrile,followedbysubtractionoftheamountofacetonitrileintheeluantfromtheamountintroducedtothecolumnandreductiontoapercentage.Noattempttorecovertheacetonitrilefromtheresinwasmadeduringthisphaseofthetest.ThenegativeretentionfigureforAmberliteXAD7wasaresultofsorbentcontamination.Theeluantcontainedmoreacetonitrile,oranotherinterferingcompound,thanwascontainedintheoriginalsolutionpassedthroughthecolumn.Thetestwasrepeatedwithsimilarresults.Sinceseveralothercompoundsshowedexcellentretention,itwasnotworthwhiledevelopingacleaningprocedurefortheXAD7.Amberlite200andPorapakNbothexhibitedunacceptableretentionforacetonitrile,andwereeliminatedfromfurtherconsiderationalongwithXAD7. Theremainingfivesorbentsweretestedtodeterminerecoveryofsorbedacetonitrileafter extractionwithseveralsolvents.Asmallcolumn,containing46gofeachsorbentwasspikedwith25mgofacetonitrilein100mLofwaterandthenextractedbysimplecolumnelution.ThecolumninTable1labeled"%ACNRecovered"liststherecoveriesfromeachsorbentwithdichloromethaneelution.Similarrecoverieswereobtainedbyelutionwithmixedcarbondisulfide/dimethylformamideandwithmixeddichloromethane/butanol.Easeofhandlingandsimplicityofdealingwithasinglesolventratherthanamixturedictatedthatthesolventofchoicebedichloromethane.PorapakTwasdroppedfromfurtherconsiderationbecauseofitsextremelypoorrecoveryperformance.ItcaneasilybeseenthatCarboxen1000wasfarsuperiortotheothersorbentsintheseinitialscreeningtests,andcouldhavebeenchosenasthesolesorbentforfurtherevaluationbasedontheresultsinTable1.BecauseofthehighcostandquestionableavailabilityinbulkofCarboxen1000,theotherthreetopsorbentsinTable1werecarriedthroughoutthefurtherextractionexperiments,describedbelow,inhopethatoneofthemwouldexhibitacceptablebehaviorastheextractionprocesswasoptimized.Allthreedidshowimprovedresults,butneverreachedperformancelevelsofCarboxen1000. ExtractionStudies. Initialattemptstoscaleuptheextractionprocedureforusewithfullsize %"% Method0010sorbentmodulesproducedhighlyvariablerecoveries.AreversegravityelutionprocedureasshowninFigure2wasconsiderablymoresuccessful.Reversegravityelutionof70mLofdichloromethanethroughthesorbentmoduleresultedinbetterthan90%recoveryofacetonitrilefromAmbersorbXEN563,Carboxen1000,andAnasorb747.TheacetonitrilerecoveryfromCarboxen569waslessthan40%withdichloromethane.Recoveryofacetonitrilefromthissorbentwasimprovedto80%byuseof1:1carbondisulfide/dimethylformamideastheextractionsolvent.Thislevelofperformancewasadequateforuseinfullscalesamplingtraintests. FullScaleSamplingTrainTests. Theabilityofthefoursorbentstoremoveacetonitrilefrom -(+. simulatedstackgascontaininghighlevelsofmoisturewasevaluatedusingsamplingtrainscontaining t. ,/ multiplesorbentmodulesinseries.BecausealimitedsupplyofCarboxen1000wasavailable,onlytwoCarboxen1000trapswereusedinseries.Threesequentialmoduleswereusedintestingtheotherthreesorbents.Thetrainsweredynamicallyspikedwithanaqueoussolutionofacetonitrile.Eachtrainwasrinsedwith1:1methanol/dichloromethaneforthefronthalfandmethanolforthecondensorandcondensatecollector.TheresultsinTable2wereobtainedusingsimulatedstackgascontaining2030%moistureanddynamicspikelevelsof3245ppmvofacetonitrile.Eachentryrepresentsasingleexperimentalrun.Althoughallfoursorbentsperformedwellfromanoverallrecoverystandpoint,theabilityoftheCarboxen1000tocollectvirtuallyalloftheacetonitrileonthefirstsorbentmodulemadeitaclearwinnerandthesorbentselectedforfieldevaluation. ! Carboxen1000isacarbonmolecularsievesorbentavailablefromSupelcoInc.in60/80meshsize.Itisslightlyhydrophobic,whichtendstobehelpfulinsamplinghighmoisturestackgas.Approximately48gofthesorbentisneededtofillatypicalMethod0010sorbentmodule.Atthetimeoftesting,thecostofamodulefullofthesorbentwasapproximately$400. FieldTest x
ThenewlydevelopedacetonitrilesamplingandanalysisprocedureswerefieldtestedusinganexperimentaldesignconsistentwithguidanceoutlinedinEPAMethod301,"ProtocolfortheFieldValidationofEmissionConcentrationsfromStationarySources."Thefieldtestincludedten"quadtrain"runsatasinglehazardouswasteincineratoremissionsource.Foreachquadruplerun,fourindependentfluegassampleswerecollected.Twoofthesampledgasstreamsforeachquadrunweredynamicallyspikedwithknownconcentrationsofacetonitrileequivalenttoapproximately45ppmvinthestackgas.Thedynamicspikingprocedureandequipmenthavebeendescribedinpreviouspublications.8,9Theprecisionofthetestmethodwasestimatedfromthevariationinresultsobtained forpairsofspikedandunspikedsamples.Accuracy(bias)wasdeterminedfromthedifferencesbetweenthespikedandmeasuredquantitiesofacetonitrile. Tenquadruns(40sampletrains)werescheduledduringthetestingprogram.All40independenttrainswerecompletedandacceptedduringthetestperiod.Thiscompletionrateexceededtheminimumrequirementofatleastsixquadruns(24independenttrains)forstatisticalanalysisbyMethod301.Thisnumberofrunsprovidedasamplepopulationlargeenoughtoproducecredibledataqualityassessmentsasdescribedintheprojectreport.6Thestaticpressureinthestack 0 waspositive,andremainedconstantatapproximately6.35mm(0.25inches)ofwaterduringalltestruns.Theaveragesamplevolumecollectedwas0.9590.041drystandardcubicmeters(33.91.5drystandardcubicfeet).Thesamplingtimewas60minutes.Moisturevaluesrangedfrom15to28%byvolume.Moisturevalueswerelow(15%)foronerunbecausetheprocesswasinterruptedduringtherun.Theprocessinterruptiondidnotaffectthetestdata.Thesourcedidnotcontainacetonitrilesoacetonitrilelevelsintheunspikedtrainswerenotreducedbytheinterruption. Thesampleswerecollectedinsevenfractions:theproberinse,therinseofthefronthalfofthefilterhousing,thefilter,therinseofthebackhalfofthefilterandthecondenserrinse,thesorbent,thecondensate,andtheimpingercontents.Theproberinsewascollectedattheendofeachday.Theotherfractionswerecollectedforeachtrain.Runs4and5hadtwosequentialsorbentmodules,whichwerecollectedandanalyzedseparatelyinordertogainadditionalinformationaboutbreakthrough.ThehighcostandlimitedbulkavailabilityoftheCarboxen1000preventedequippingalltenofthequadrunswithtwosorbentmodules.AllofthefractionsforRuns4and5,exceptfortheimpingerfraction,wereanalyzed.Runs1through3andRuns6through10,hadonesorbentfraction.Onlythesorbentandcondensatefractionswereanalyzedfortheseruns.Theimpingercomponentsofthetrainswerenotanalyzedandwerearchived.Noacetonitrilewasdetectedinanyofthesamplefractionsexceptthesorbentandsomeofthecondensates. Thepercentageofacetonitrilerecoveredinalloftheanalyzedcomponentsofeachspiked h.,/ samplingtrainrangedfrom74to119%forthe20spikedtrains.Theaveragerecoverywas100%.Therelativestandarddeviationwas13%.RecoveryresultsforindividualspikedrunsareshowninTable3.Dataforunspikedrunsareinthefieldreport,6butshownosignificantacetonitrilecontent. 8 ThesecondsorbentmoduleinRuns4and5wereanalyzed,inorderthatbreakthroughofacetonitrileintothesecondsorbentcouldbeexamined.Anyamountofcompounddetectedinthesecondsorbentwasclassifiedashavingbrokenthroughthefirstsorbentmodule.Forthefourspikeddoublesorbentmoduletrains,breakthroughrangedfrom2to8percent.Theaveragebreakthroughwas4percent.Therelativestandarddeviationwas90percent.Breakthroughofacetonitrilewasinconsistent.Threeofthetrainsexhibited2%breakthrough,whileonetrainexhibited8%breakthrough.Noreasonwasidentifiedtoexplainwhybreakthroughwashigherintheonetrain. ThecondensatefractionwasanalyzedforRuns1through3andRuns6through10,inorderthatbreakthroughofacetonitrileintothecondensatecouldbeestimated.Sinceacetonitrileisnotquantitativelycollectedinwater,someoftheacetonitrilethatbrokethroughthesorbentmaynothavebeencollected,thuscausinglowbiasinthebreakthroughestimatesforthesinglesorbenttrains.Anyamountofacetonitriledetectedinthecondensatewasclassifiedashavingbrokenthroughthesorbentmodule.Noacetonitrilewasdetectedinthecondensatefortheunspikedsinglesorbentmoduletrains.Thus,nobreakthroughanalysiswaspossibleusingthesesamples.Forthe16spikeddoublesorbentmoduletrains,breakthroughrangedfrom0to11percent.Theaveragebreakthroughwas5percent.Therelativestandarddeviationwas73percent.Twoofthetrainsexhibited0%breakthrough.Thesewerethetwospikedtrainscollectedwhentheprocesswentdown.Lessmoisturewascollectedduringthisrunthanduringtheotherruns,soitmaybespeculatedthattheamountofmoistureinthesourcemaycontributetotheamountofacetonitrilethatbreaksthroughthesorbent.Onetrainexhibited11%breakthrough.Calculatedbreakthroughforalloftheothertrainswaslessthan10percent.Again,breakthroughofacetonitrilewasinconsistent.Noexplanationofwhybreakthroughwashigherinsometrainswasidentified.Breakthroughwas<10%for95%ofthespikedtrains.For50%ofthespikedtrains,breakthroughwas<5%.Useoftwosorbentmodulesinseriesmaybenecessarywhensamplingsourcescontaininghigherlevelsofmoisture. CONCLUSIONS @ Basedonlaboratorystudiesandonefieldtest,theacetonitriletrainconsistingofaMethod0010trainwith48gofCarboxen1000inthesorbentmodule,isadequateforsamplingandcollectionofacetonitrilefromhazardouswasteincinerators,andprobablyothercombustionsources.Extractionusingareversegravityelutionwithdichloromethane,followedbyanalysiswithGC/FIDwaseffective.
a "0 Thebiasforacetonitrile(0.07mgofacetonitrileatthe74mglevel)wascalculatedandshown 8" " tobeinsignificantusingMethod301statisticalprocedures.Thus,nobiascorrectionfactorisneeded.
T$T$
a "0 Therelativestandarddeviationswere13%forspikedtrainsand17%forunspikedtrains. %#& ThesestandarddeviationsarewithintheMethod301criteriaof<50%.
T$T$ "0 Themeanrecoveryof100%andrelativestandarddeviationof13%forthespikedtrainsis (p&) withintheEPA sQualityAssuranceHandbook9requirementsof50to150%recoveryandless )`'* than50%relativestandarddeviation.
T$T$
a "0 Thedetectionlimit,estimatedaccordingtoMethod301,forthemethodis60ppbv(100 ,0*- %g/m3),usingquantitationbyflameionizationdetector. x- +. T$T$ h.,/
a "0 Greaterthan90%oftherecoveredacetonitrilewascollectedontheCarboxen-1000. X Essentiallynoacetonitrilewascollectedintheproberinses,intherinseofthefronthalfofthefilterholder,oronthefilters.
T$T$
a "0 Forthefourspikedtrainscontainingdualsorbentmodules,lessthan2%oftheacetonitrile brokethroughtothesecondmoduleforthreeofthetrainsandlessthan8%brokethroughinthefourthtrain.
T$T$
a "0 Forthe16spikedtrainscontainingsinglesorbentmodules,lessthan5%oftheacetonitrile brokethroughtothecondensateforeightofthetrainsandlessthan9%brokethroughfor15trains.
T$T$ STATUS
@ Adraftmethodandreportarecurrentlyunderreview,andareexpectedtobeavailablebyJuly1997.ThedraftacetonitrilemethodwillbetransmittedtoEPA'sOfficeofSolidWaste(OSW)andtoEPA'sOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards(OAQPS).ItisexpectedthatOSWwilleventuallypublishthemethodaspartofafutureupdatetotheSW846MethodsManual,andthatOAQPSwilllikelyincludeitintheircollectionofProvisionalTestMethods. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ( Thefollowingpeoplecontributedtooneormorephasesoftheworkreportedhere:MerrillJackson,EPA(retired),RayMerrill,DavidEpperson,AmyBederka,DannyHarrison,SteveHoskinson,CherylKlassa,JimHowesandMarkOwens,allwithRadianCorp./EasternResearchGroupatthetimeoftheircontributions.Becauseofthelongtimespaninvolvedinthemultiphaseproject,itisinevitablethatotherswhodeserverecognitionhavebeenleftoffthislist.Tothem,weapologize. NOTICE P TheinformationinthisdocumenthasbeenfundedwhollyorinpartbytheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyunderContracts68D10010and68D40022toRadianCorp.andEasternResearchGroup.IthasbeensubjectedtotheAgency'speerandadministrativereview,andithasbeenapprovedforpublication.Mentionoftradenamesorcommercialproductsdoesnotconstituteendorsementorrecommendationforuse. REFERENCES 8" " 1.0 TestMethodsforEvaluatingSolidWaste,Physical/ChemicalMethods,SW846Manual,3rd (# # ed.DocumentNo.955001000001.AvailablefromSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S. $!$ GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,DC,November1986.
T$T$ 2.0 CodeofFederalRegulations,Title40,Part60,AppendixA,U.S.GovernmentPrinting %#& Office,Washington,DC,1994.
T$T$ 3.0 Steger,J.L.andHoskinson,S.,DevelopmentofaMethodforDeterminationofAcetonitrile, '%( DraftInterimReport,RadianCorp.underWorkAssignments5&22,Contract68D10010toU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,September1992.
T$T$ 4.0 Steger,J.L.andKlassa,C.,EvaluationofSorbentsforCollectingAcetonitrilefromStationary *X(+ Sources,DraftInternalReport,RadianCorp.underWorkAssignment58,Contract68D1 +J), 0010toU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,October1993.
T$T$ -,+. 5.0 Steger,J.L.,AcetonitrileMethodDevelopmentandFieldTest,LetterReport,RadianCorp. X underWorkAssignment4,Contract68D40022toU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,September1995.
T$T$ 6.0 Steger,J.L.,Bursey,J.T.,andEpperson,D.,AcetonitrileFieldTest,DraftReport,Eastern * ResearchGroupunderWorkAssignment45,Contract68D40022toU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,September1995.
T$T$ 7.0 CodeofFederalRegulations,Title40,Part63,AppendixA,U.S.GovernmentPrinting Office,Washington,DC,1993.
T$T$ 8.0 McGaughey,J.F.;Bursey,J.T.;Merrill,R.G.,FieldTestofaGenericMethodfor HalogenatedHydrocarbons:SemiVOSTTestataChemicalManufacturingFacility,EPA
x 600/R96/133,PB97115349,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,February1997.
T$T$ 9.0 McGaughey,J.F.;Bursey,J.T.;Merrill,R.G.,FieldTestofaGenericMethodfor
J HalogenatedHydrocarbons,EPA600/R93/101,PB93212181AS,U.S.Environmental <
ProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,September1993.
T$T$ 10. X X X X 0 Handbook:QualityAssurance/QualityControl(QA/QC)ProceduresforHazardousWaste v Incineration,EPA/625/689/023,# X X X XЬi # X X X X U.S.EnvironmentalProtection# X X X XІj # X X X X Agency,Cincinnati,OH, h January1990.# X X X Xj # Z T$T$ Table1.Resultsofinitialsorbentretentionandrecoverytests.*s %
d d d X d d X d d X T$T$s , d d , d d " , d d " , d d " +
) f %
H ) Sorbent
3 f % " T " f % 3 Supplier
, f % T f % , %ACNRetained
, f % T f % , %ACNRecovered % T f % % AmbersorbXEN563
% 0 % Supelco
E ; 0
W@ 95 W@ E 95
e [ 6 0
W@ 95 W@
P@ 66 P@ e 66 E ; 6 0
P@ 66 P@ E Anasorb747
% \
% SKC
E ; \
@U@ 85 @U@ E 85
e [ 6 \
@U@ 85 @U@
J@ 53 J@ e 53 E ; 6 \
J@ 53 J@ E Carboxen569
% 8 % Supelco
E ; 8
V@ 88 V@ E 88
e [ 6 8
V@ 88 V@
@@ 33 @@ e 33 E ; 6 8
@@ 33 @@ E Carboxen1000
% d % Supelco
E ; d
X@ 99 X@ E 99
e [ 6 d
X@ 99 X@
W@ 94 W@ e 94 E ; 6 d
W@ 94 W@ E PorapakT
% @ % Supelco
E ; @
W@ 92 W@ E 92
d Z 6 @
W@ 92 W@ @ 6 @ d 6 D : 5 @ @ 6 @ D PorapakN
% l
% Supelco
E ; l
0@ 16 0@ E 16
E ; 6 l
0@ 16 0@ E Nottested % l
% Amberlite200
% H % ICN
D : H @ 8 @ D 8
D : 5 H @ 8 @ D Nottested , f H ! , AmberliteXAD7
, f t
" f , Supelco
M f < t
# f 1 -17 1 M Є17
M f < 7 t
$ 1 -17 1 f M Nottested& t
%
f & Table2.Laboratorytrainrecoveries.* % d d d d d d " d d " d d " %
T$T$ , 4d d , d d " , d d " , d d " , d d " , d d " +
) f %
L/ ) Sorbent
3 f % " X0 " f % 3 Tube1
, f % X1 f % , Tube2
, f % X2 f % , Tube3
, f % X3 f % , Liquid
, f % X4 f % , Total,% % X5 f % % AmbersorbXEN563
G = 4 6 @ 8576 @ G 8576
i _ 8 $ 8 @ 8576 @ @ 1511 @ i 1511
g ] 8 $ : @ 1511 @
F@ 45 F@ g 45
e [ 6 $ <
F@ 45 F@
&@ 11 &@ e 11
h ^ 6 $ >
&@ 11 &@ @ 10593 @ h 10593 H > 9 $ @ @ 10593 @ H Carboxen1000
G = P A @ 8999 @ G 8999
g ] 8 @ C @ 8999 @
&@ 11 &@ g 11
d Z 6 @ E
&@ 11 &@ 0 d 00
c Y 5 @ G 0 0 c 00
g ] 5 @ I 0 @@ 90100 @@ g 90100
@
H > 9 @ K @@ 90100 @@ H Carboxen569
G = ! L @ 7588 @ G 7588
h ^ 8 " N @ 7588 @ `g@ 187 `g@ h 187
f \ 7 " P `g@ 187 `g@
R@ 72 R@ f 72
e [ 6 " R
R@ 72 R@
&@ 11 &@ e 11
h ^ 6 " T
&@ 11 &@ @ 10198 @ h 10198 O f > 9 " V @ 10198 @ O Anasorb747
N f = #8!W f @ 7581 @ N 7581
p f _ 8 $("Y @ 7581 @ f Ț@ 1714 Ț@ p 1714
n f ] 8 $("[ Ț@ 1714 Ț@ f
F@ 45 F@ n 45
l f [ 6 $("]
F@ 45 F@ f
&@ 11 &@ l 11
o f ^ 6 $("_
&@ 11 &@ f д@ 97101 д@ o 97101I ? = $("a д@ 97101
д@ f I %H#a T R Y3' L e t t e r 3' 3' L e t t e r 3' T X X X X Table3.Fieldtestrecoveries. X * d d 4d d d d " d d " d d " d d " d d " % T$T$ , (
d d " , (
d d , (
d d +
3 f &
H ax 3 Run
N f % = . h " X f N AcetonitrileRecoverya(%) H > + h "
x
a f % ax H
! X ! TrainA
% ( " % TrainB _ % R ( "
x
a q ? 1 ? _ 1
n % a 5 H ? 1 ? % @Z@ 105 @Z@ n 105
p % c 7 H @Z@ 105 @Z@ % [@ 111 [@ p 111 y B H [@ 111
q [@ % a @ 2 x @ 2
_ U ( @ 2 @ 33333SV@ 89.3 33333SV@ _ 89.3
a W +
33333SV@ 89.3 33333SV@ Y@ 100 Y@ a 100 v l 5 Y@ 100
x
a Y@ a @ 3 x @ v 3
_ U ( p @ 3 @ fffffW@ 95.6 fffffW@ _ 95.6
a W + p
fffffW@ 95.6 fffffW@ \@ 114 \@ a 114 v l 5 p \@ 114
x
a \@ a @ 4 x @ v 4
_ U (
@ 4 @ X@ 99.2 X@ _ 99.2
b X +
X@ 99.2 X@ LX@ 97.2 LX@ b 97.2 w m 6
LX@ 97.2
x
a LX@ a @ 5 x @ w 5
^ T ( @ @ 5 @ @Y@ 101 @Y@ ^ 101
` V * @ @Y@ 101 @Y@ Z@ 104 Z@ ` 104 v l 5 @ Z@ 104
x
a Z@ a @ 6 x @ v 6
_ U (
P @ 6 @ 33333sR@ 73.8 33333sR@ _ 73.8
a W +
P 33333sR@ 73.8 33333sR@ [@ 108 [@ a 108 v l 5
P [@ 108
x
a [@ a @ 7 x @ v 7
_ U ( @ 7 @ T@ 83.9 T@ _ 83.9
a W + T@ 83.9 T@ \@ 114 \@ a 114 v l 5 \@ 114
x
a \@ a @ 8 x @ v 8
^ T ( x @ 8 @ @[@ 109 @[@ ^ 109
a W * x @[@ 109 @[@ fffffU@ 87.6 fffffU@ a 87.6 w m 6 x fffffU@ 87.6
x
a fffffU@ a "@ 9 x "@ w 9
^ T ( "@ 9 "@ Y@ 103 Y@ ^ 103
a W * Y@ 103 Y@ R@ 74.9 R@ a 74.9 v f e 6 R@ 74.9
x
a R@ q
$@ 10 x $@ v 10
j f Y 6 H!
$@ 10 $@ f @[@ 109 @[@ j 109
k f Z 7 H" @[@ 109 @[@ f ]@ 119 ]@ k 119R H F H# ]@ 119
x
q
]@ f R aSpikeRecovery=(100)(AmountRecoveredinTrain)/(AmountSpiked) 8$ # X X X X # XC X X X ) # X X X XC$ # J ; + ' ` |{ p 3'
J }}T$T$ S , B 2 . p |0 z
` '3 C4 S