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XXXS\  `&Times New RomanSHP DeskJet 820Cse0(,,,,0(0(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular.X3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)3i)9, :i+00 U ,!..      .XllXX.XXllXX.Xll  _         EPAWORKSHOP  ON  OPTICALREMOTESENSINGTECHNOLOGIES |   XllXXXll    &  m  ExecutiveSummarym  Ԍ . ~ Ќ XllXXXll  '. AWorkshoponOpticalRemoteSensingTechnologieswasheldintheauditoriumofthe  J EnvironmentalProtectionAgencys(EPA)EnvironmentalResearchCenterinResearch  0 TrianglePark,NConJuly31,andAugust1,2001.TheWorkshopwasconvenedby    JohnBoschoftheEmissionsMonitoringandAnalysisDivisionofEPAsOfficeofAir    QualityPlanningandStandards,andsponsoredinpartbyARCADIS,anenvironmental   contractorsupportingEPAsresearchonOpticalRemoteSensing.Invitedparticipants x  weretechnologyproviders,regulators,endusersandbenefactors. ^  OnthefirstdayoftheWorkshop,thetechnologyresearchers/vendorsprovidedbrief *z  discussionsofthecurrentstateofthetechnology,aswellasdescribingboth ` commerciallyavailableinstrumentsandinstrumentsinthedevelopmentalstagepriorto F commercialavailability.Generally,thepresentationsdemonstratedthat,whilesome , areascontinuetorequirefurtherdevelopment,manyORStechnologieshaveadvanced  wellbeyondtheircurrentlevelofdeploymentinthemarketplace.Inotherwords,froma  technicalstandpoint,ORStechnologiesarecapableofmuchbroaderapplicationthanthat  seenatpresent.Vendororganizationsexpressedfrustrationattheirinabilitytomove t manytechnologiesbeyondtheresearchphaseintobroaderapplicationinthe Z environmentalmarket.Significantadvancementsandimprovementsshownareinthe @ followingareas: &v  & (033""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll 2 3   4   XllXX(X<Temporalandspatialresolution ݌ B Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll 2 3   4   XllXX(X<Range(distance)ofmeasurements ݌ 7 Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll 2 3   4   XllXX(X<Detectionlevels ݌ , Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   4   XllXX(X<Numberofcompoundsdetectable݌ ! Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   4   XllXX(X<Plumeimaging݌   Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   4   XllXX(X<Costeffectiveness݌ !   Ќ X! X44X!!   Apaneldiscussion,consistingofrepresentativesofvariousorganizationswithinEPA, #" convenedduringtheafternoonsessiontoaddressthedirectionofmarketabilityfornew |$# technology,anditsimportanceintheindustry.Panelparticipantswereinstructedto b% $ emphasizeincentivesandimpedimentstothedevelopmentandimplementationofnew H&!% technologies.Thepanelsconsensuswasthatfocusingtechnologydevelopmentonareas .'~"& ofimmediateconcernandareaswhereitwaspossibletoimplementnewtechnologiesto (d#' achievereducedcosts(eitherfortheAgency,ormoreimportantlyfortheendusers) (J$( providesthebestopportunityforfuturesuccess.Importantfutureneedsidentified )0%) includedimprovedcapabilitiesforcontinuousmonitoringofHazardousAirPollutants *&* (forpotentialcapandtradeapproaches),aswellasmercuryandfineparticulatematter +&+ monitoring. ,',  x-(- Asecondpaneldiscussion,consistingofrepresentativesofprospectiveendusersofORS  technologies,wasconvenedtokickofftheseconddayoftheWorkshop.Panel  participantsincludedstafffromtheDepartmentofDefense,EPARegions,andvarious | stateenvironmentalcomplianceagencies.Thepresentersemphasizedtheneedfor b technologiestoaddressspecificneedsinordertohavethebestchanceofsuccess. H SeveralpresentersindicatedthatORSdoesofferthepotentialtoaddressspecificneeds, . ~ butexpressedconcernsinregardstoacceptanceofdatabyallrelevantregulatory  d agencies.  J Apanelofrepresentativesoffundingorganizationswasconvenednext.Thepanel    includedstafffromtheEPA,NASA,andvariousDODgroups.Detailsoffunding    mechanismswereprovided.Arecurringemphasiswascooperationandcofunding   betweenindustryandregulatoryagencies. x  TheWorkshopconcludedwithopendiscussiononhowtobuildandmaintainmomentum D  forapplicationofORStechnologies.Approachesidentifiedincludedthefollowing: *z  / /""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll^2 3   4   XllXX(X<Increasedcooperationandinvolvementbetweentechnologydevelopers, F regulators,andendusersattheearlystagesoftechnologydevelopment^[ ݌ ; Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll!2 3   4   XllXX(X<Improvedfocusonspecificissuesofimmediateconcerntotheregulated ! communityasopposedtoattemptingtocureallills!"݌  Ќ X! X44X!!   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  X,E(4 4 <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll?$2 3   4   XllXX(X<Increasedtechnologytransferthroughactionslikeadditional  workshops/presentations?$<%݌  Ќ X! X44X!!   Thepresenceofparticipantsinthisworkshopdoesnotreflectendorsementforanykind m oftechnologyorequipment.Thepurposewastobringtogetherinterestedpartiesinthe S fieldandallowcollaborationforpotentiallyexpandingremotesensingtechnology.The 9 workshoprepresentedaneconomicalwaytocometogethertoaddressissuesandtolearn o moreaboutthemostcurrentavailabletechnologies.  U  SUMMARYOFTECHNICALPAPERS (inorderofpresentation)      & J (  RamA.Hashmonay,ARCADIS()  (Ԍ | Ќ  Dr.Hashmonaywasthechairofthetechnicalsessionandthefirstspeakeroftheday. b SeveralreferencesonhowORStechnologieshavedevelopedwerepresented.Reasons H forthecurrentlimitedapplicationsofremotesensingtechnologieswerediscussed. . ~ Premature asisuse,misinterpretationofthepathintegratedconcentrationdata,  d disapprovalofregulatoryagencies,andtheuseofdispersionmodelingassumptionswere  J mentionedasapartiallistof whatwentwrong.'J|(  0 Anoverviewofthecurrentstateoftheartwasgivenwithemphasisonthetechnologys    maturityandimprovedcapabilities.Theseadvancesindetectionlevelsandspeedof   measurementsignificantlyincreasethefeasibilityofusingmultiplebeamsapproachesto x  betteraccountforspatialandtemporalvariabilityofmeasuredplumes.Simplemultiple ^  beamandinnovativetomographyapproachesdevelopedbyDr.Hashmonayandothers D  caughttheinterestoftheEPAasviablefordirectlyanalyzingfugitiveemissionsofopen *z  areasourcesusingORS.TheabilityofORStoprovideactualnumbersonemissionsto ` regulators,withoutapplyingindirectinversemodelingapproaches,isasteptowards F overcomingsomeofthedifficultieswithORSdetailedpreviously. ,     & ~ /  RobertH.Kagann,EDOAIL//  /Ԍ  Ќ  " ,  ,"k0  Dr.KaganndiscussedtheuseandhistoryofOpenPathFourierTransformInfraRed  Spectroscopy(OPFTIR)foremissionscharacterization.AbasicsetupformakingOP t FTIRmeasurementswaspresented.TheveryhighefficiencyofOPFTIRwas Z emphasizedandtheadvantageswereenumeratedasfollows:'~/"k00݌ @ Ќ   " ,  "2  "22݌ &v Ќ ,  / /""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllA32 3   `   XllXX(X<Fastmeasurements!a1minutemeasurementintervalprovidesagood  \ instrumentsensitivityalonga100metermeasurementpathlengthA3>4݌ Q Ќ $ X` ` X!$   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll52 3   `   XllXX(X<Remotesensingcantakemeasurementsininaccessibleareas56݌ 7 Ќ $ X` ` X!$   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll72 3   `   XllXX(X<Areacoverage!typicaldataispathintegratedconcentration.Tomographic , techniques,asearlierpresentedbyDr.Hashmonay,canprovidedirect ! measurementoffugitiveemissionfluxes78݌   Ќ $ X` ` X!$   ""  ,B.4 <DL!XB  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll:2 3   `   XllXX(X<NearrealtimeacalibrationcheckinthefieldusingTO16EPAmethodis !  needed:;݌ "! Ќ $ X` ` X!$   ,B.4 <DL!XB ,H+ 4 <DL!4X!HThistechnologywasfirstappliedinthelaboratoryinthelate70s.Sinceitsinception, ^$# theCleanAirActAmendmenthaspromotedmoreseriousrequirements.Availabilityof D% $ commercialinstrumentsarose.ThecompendiumTO16Methodwasdeveloped,andthe *&z!% Europeansfollowedsuitindevelopingandpromotingopticalremotesensing '`"& technologies. 'F#'     &  8?  HaroldSchiff,UnisearchAssociates8?o?  K?Ԍ )%) Ќ  Dr.SchiffrepresentedUnisearchAssociates,whichmanufacturesalltypesof *%* spectroscopicinstrumentation.HispresentationfocusedmainlyonTunableDiodeLaser +&+ Systems(TDLS).')c? t,',  Z-(- Laserwavelengthdependsonthecrystalcompositionandthewidthoflaserlineisvery  narrow,essentiallyeliminatinganyinterferences.Theadvantagesofusinganopenpath  diodelaserinclude: |  ) (00& / /""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllB2 3   `   XllXX(X<Telecommunicationsspectralrange!theinstrumentcaneasilybeconnected H withfiberopticcableandbelocatedanywhereBC݌ =  Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll?E2 3   `   XllXX(X<Cancarryoutmeasurementsfromdifferentlocationssimultaneously?E?F݌ # s Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllcG2 3   `   XllXX(X<SystemhasautomaticcalibrationcGcH݌  h Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   OpticalsensingusingTDLSgivestheoptionofmultiplexingcombinedwithhigh  C  sensitivity.Thisallowsafastmeasurementofmanybeamsinfewsecondsandcanapply  )  thetomographicapproachespreviouslydiscussed.Generally,onelaserisutilizedfor   eachgastobemeasured.However,severallaserscanbecombinedinoneunitif   required.TDLSisthebestwaytomeasureoneoralimitednumberofgases,withhigher   sensitivityresults,quickresponsetimeandlackofinterference.Severalexamplesof q  openpathTDLSapplicationsalongwithanexampleofahybridTDLS/DOASsystemfor W  fastmultiplecompoundmeasurements,werepresented. =     &  L  N.ScottHigdon,ITTIndustriesLL  LԌ  Y Ќ  Mr.HigdonpresentedanumberofITTscustomsystemsthatareundervariousstagesof ? development,includingthefollowing:' L % / /""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll;N2 3   `   XllXX(X<LIDARfordetectingparticulatesordust(fullydeveloped);thiseyesafe  aerosolsystemdevelopedforHamptonUniversityisapowerfulmappingtool;N;O݌  Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllP2 3   `   XllXX(X<DifferentialAbsorptionLIDAR(DIAL)fordetectionofgasesandchemical | agentsoverunprecedentedlongrangesviareceivingsignalsfromdistanthard q targets.ApplyingradialtomographywillachievelargescaleplumemappingPQ݌ W Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllS2 3   `   XllXX(X<RamanScatteringtodetectsurfacemolecularcontaminationandbiological = agents,mostapplicationsbeinginsupportofthemilitaryST݌ 2 Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll*V2 3   `   XllXX(X<HgmeasurementusingtheDIALtechniques,includingplumemapping*V*W݌ h Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   X  ]     X& J pX  JohnOtten,KestrelCorporationpXX  XԌ  C Ќ  KestrelCorporationfocusesonspectralimagingtechnology,accordingtoDr.Otten.The !)  airborneapplicationsaremostlyinsupportofthemilitary(surreptitioussurveillanceand "! rocketlaunching).Leakdetectionofrocketplumesduringtestingisverycrucialto #" identify/pinpointanyproblempriortorocketlaunching,thusavertinganycatastrophic $# accidents.TheseFTIRbasedimagingsystemsmaybemodifiedintoasimultaneous q% $ multiplebeamOPFTIRsystemthatcanapplytomographicapproaches.'J X W&!% " ,  ,"[  WynnL.Eberhard,EnvironmentalTechnologyLaboratory,NationalOceanicand #(s#' AtmosphericAdministration"[[݌  )Y$( Ќ   Currently,ETLhas6aerosol,3Doppler,and2OzoneLidarmeasurementsystemsin )?%) place.Furthermore,ETLisinvolvedinresearchareasattemptingtoadvanceLidar *%&* technologyforuseinnewscientificapplications.IssuesinairqualityintheU.S.and + '+  Europearepromptingtheresearchanddevelopmentofopticalmethodstobettermeasure ,', ammonia.ETLhasdevelopedanddemonstratedNH3plumemeasurementcapability  withDIAL.   TingIWang,OpticalScientificInc. b !   !e_  Dr.Wangdescribedtwopathintegratedflowmeters.Theseopticalanemometers,which H utilizeapairofparallellaserbeamsandreceivers,measurethescintillationfromone . ~ receivertothenext.Determiningthetemporalcorrelationbetweenthetwosignalsis  d relatedtothewindspeed.Inthelongpathinstrument,theairvelocityalonga200900m  J longpath,suchasinanaluminumsmelterpotroomroofvent,canbemeasured.Optical  0 flowsensingwasapprovedasanequivalentMethod14technologyforcompliancewith    theUSEPAMACTrules.TheEPAhasappliedtheopticalanemometertechnologyfor    otherenvironmentalairflow.!e__݌   Ќ      fTheOpticalFlowSensor(OFS)measuresairflowinastackorexhaustduct.TheOFSis ^  installedatonelevelandmeasuresthroughglasswindowsacrossthestackorduct.The ,|  dataareverifiedbytestingattheNISTWindTunnel.TheOFSaffordsadvantages, J  whichtheothermethodsdonotoffer,including:  Ѐ & (00) / /""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!Ef(X<XXXll>e2 3   `   XllXX(X<Nonintrusive,notdirectlyexposedtothestackflow>ePf݌ d Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllhg2 3   `   XllXX(X<Pathaveragedmeasurementformorerepresentativeresultshghh݌ Y Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXlli2 3   `   XllXX(X<Simple,nonangledinstallationwhichlowerscostvs.ultrasonicij݌ N Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllk2 3   `   XllXX(X<Resultindependentoftemperatureandpressurekl݌ C Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllm2 3   `   XllXX(X<Directcrossstackvelocitymeasurementmn݌ 8 Ќ ' X!` ` X!'   ""  ,E.4 <DL!X!E  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllo2 3   `   XllXX(X<Nomovingparts,solidstateconstructionop݌ -} Ќ ' X!` ` X!'       & d q  CarySecrest,EPAOfficeofEnforcementandComplianceAssuranceqr  qԌ X Ќ  UV/DOASisthesimplestapplicationofremotesensing,yetitcanyieldpowerfulresults. > Fromaregulatorystandpointopenpathcanhelpwithenforcementandlowercosts. $ MeasurementcomparisonsbetweenUV/DOASandFTIRwereinagreementand   demonstratetheutilityofusingmultiplebeamstopromotebetterunderstandingof  measureddata.'dq      & J ~t  TomReichardt,SandiaLabs~tt  tԌ R!  Ќ  SandiaLabsiscurrentlydevelopingalaserbasedimagingsystemfordetectionof 8"! fugitiveemissionsfromrefineries.TheyhavealsoworkedontopographicalLIDAR. #n" ActiveLaserIRisbetterthanconventionalleakdetectionmethods(handheldsniffer).It $T# allowsrapidbroadrangeareacoverageforeasyrecognitionandsourcelocationof $: $ plumes.Itacceleratestheleakdetectiveprocess,whichmaydecreasescostsfor % !% environmentalcompliance.'JR!t &"& Therearecurrentlyseveraltechnologiesindevelopment.Gascanbeseenregardlessof (#( temperaturebecauseactiveimagingisnottemperaturedependentunlikethepassive h)$) imaging.Thedisadvantageoftheactiveimagingisitneedsareflectivesource.Smaller N*%* portablesystemsarenecessary.Compliancemonitoringwilldrivefuturefurther 4+&+ marketability.Thepetroleumindustrymaybefirstinlinetodecreasetheircompliance ,j', costs. -P(-  -6).     & 0 y  BobHinnricks,PacificAdvantageTechnologiesyz  yԌ  Ќ  Theirgroupisworkingonagasdetectionspectrometerprimarilyapplicableto  undergroundleaktesting.Infraredimagingcaneasilydetectundergroundmethane | leakingtotheatmosphere.Theflowisnotaccurateatthistime,butgoodresults b demonstratedthatevenlowlevelleakscouldbedetected.Thetechniquecanalsobe H applicabletothepropaneindustry.Propane,othergasesandhydrocarbonsootswere . ~ identifiedaswell.Anotherapplicationofthistechniqueisfortankleakdetection.The  d instrumentmaybeavailablebymid2002.'0y  J " ,  ,"c}  DavidGreen,PhysicalSciences,Inc."c}}݌    Ќ   TheircompanyhasworkedwiththeEPA/SBIRProgramonatunablediodelaser.The    goalistodevelopaportabledevicethatisaffordableandpractical.Thisisveryusefulin   methanedetectionoranygasleakdetectionsurvey.Itssensitivityisintheppmrange.It x  onlyweighs9poundsandisrugged.Todate,70deviceshavebeendelivered.Passive ^  imaginginstrumenthasbeendevelopedaswell.Thecostisabout$10,000perunitand D  willbeavailablein18months. *z      &    MichaelCalidonna,USAirForce  Ԍ F Ќ  Lt.Calidonnadiscussedaprojectforopacitytestmethoddevelopment.Thecurrent , methodforopacitytestisbasedonEPAMethod9,whichisaneyeballcalibration.The  EPAmethodistiring,timeconsuming,nonreproducibleandsubjective.Thenewtest  methodoffersabetterwayofmeasuringopacityinasmokestack.Itisadigitalcamera  basedmethod,involvingasimplepointandclickoperationaftera10minutesetup.It t hasbuiltinalgorithmsthataretamperproof.Theresultsarepermanentand Z reproducible.Litigationcostsandfines,etc.canbeavoidedwiththistechnology.Intwo @ tothreeyearstime,thisnewtechnologywillneedmethodvalidation,whichwillbe &v followedbyasixmonthscertificationprocess.Thecostisapproximately$5,000per  \ unit.'  B !   !1  EXPERTPANELFORNATIONALREGULATORYPROGRAMSAND  POTENTIALAPPLICATIONS!1O݌   Ќ  %  %  DavidMobley,DirectoroftheEmissions,MonitoringandAnalysisDivisionofEPAs V"! OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards(OAQPS)%%݌ <#" Ќ  Introducedthepanelandprovidedanoverviewofthesubsequentdiscussion.The "$r# subjectswereincentivesandimpedimentsencounteredinbalancingtheneedandthe %X $ desiretodevelopandusenewtechnologies. %>!%  ?( <DL!X!?    & J y  BarrettParker,EmissionsMeasurementCenter,OAQPSy  Ԍ ' #' Ќ  Mentionedincentivesforincreasedmeasuring,suchasTitleVandCAMrulesand (#( maximumstandards.MACTstandardsexpansionwillalsodrivemonitoringneeds. )$) Residualriskdeterminationswillalsorequireambientairtoxicsmeasurement.Many l*%* sourcesareapprehensivewhenitcomestousinganadvancedmonitoringsystemforfear R+&+ thattheresultsmaybeusedagainstthem.Thereisaneedforuserfriendlyinstruments 8,', thathaveongoingcalibrationcapability.'J' -n(- Ї%  %  KarenRiggs,Batelle(representingEPAsETVProgram)%ڋ݌  Ќ  FocusedontheEPAsEnvironmentalTechnologyVerification(ETV)program.There  areabout100stakeholdersofwhichtherearenovendors.ThestakeholdersadviseETV | onhowtoruntheprogram,whatmonitoringtechnologyisneeded,andwhichofthe b technologiesareimportanttobeverified.ETVsfocusisprimarilyonfieldtechnology. H Ofimportancearemercurycontaminantsemissionsmonitoring,multimetalmonitoring . ~ andopenpathsystems.ETVisinvolvedinthetechnologyverificationbutnotin  d technologyapproval.  J     & J   TomPace,EmissionFactorandInventoryGroups,OAQPSG  #Ԍ    Ќ  Emissioninventoriesarethefundamentalbuildingblocksfordoingairquality    management.Itisimpossibletomeasureeverywhere,sosomesourcesaremeasuredand   emissionfactorsdeveloped.Openpathtechnologieswillbehelpfulinmonitoring x  emissionsfromopensources,fugitivedusts,ammonia,allkindsoffiresandmobile ^  sourcesforpollutants.Theincentiveistogetbetterinformation,whichwithmore D  accurateplanningwillhelpavoidrepetitionthatcoststimeandmoney.'J ; *z      &  `  CarySecrest,EPA/OECA`  sԌ F Ќ  EPAfacesanimpedimenttousingORStechnologyinthatthereareonlyminimal , fundingresourcessetasideandevenlesstimeisavailable.Legalissuesmayimpede  industryfromutilizingORStechnologies.'  %  %;  DanPowell,TechnologyInnovationOffice,EPAsOfficeofSolidWasteand t EmergencyResponse(EPA/OSW)%;Y݌ Z Ќ  Whileadmittedlyfocusingoncleanupofwaterandsoil,MrPowellindicatedthatthere @ shouldbeincentivesforemployingnewtechnologiesanddealingswithsomeofthe &v impedimentsintryingtodevelopmoredefensibledata/information.Performancebased  \ measurementscouldbeincludedinsiteassessmentandsiteactivity. B     &  Ȗ  BarryLesnik,Economics,MethodsandRiskAnalysisDivision,EPA/OSWȖ loۖԌ  Ќ  HestressedthatEPASW846methodologieswerenotreferencemethodsandcouldbe  modifiedtofitspecificapplications'       & d e  J.D.Bachmann,SeniorScienceAdvisor,EPA/OAQPSe loxԌ V"! Ќ  HeintroducedtheideathatORStechnologiescouldplayaroleinenablingthe <#" developmentofa capandtradeapproachforairtoxicssimilartotheonethathasbeen "$r# successfullyemployedintheAcidRainProgram.Continuousmonitoringmethodsare %X $ thecornerstoneforsuchaprogramandORSoffersauniqueapproach.Hewasvery %>!% interestedintheconceptoffacilitywidemeasurements.'dV" &$"&   ' #'  ENDUSERPERSPECTIVES       & J   RochelleWilliams,U.S.ArmyForcesCommand,Atlanta,GA loԌ | Ќ  ThereisaneedforadefensibledataforDODtodemonstratecomplianceduringtraining b activities.Itmustbedonerightandscientifically.TheU.S.Armydoesalotoftesting H foremissioncharacterizationfrommunitionsandartilleryandtherearelimitedinwhat . ~ theycanadequatelymeasure.Atthistime,theyareunabletocharacterizea3  d dimensionalplumeeffectively.This3Dmappingcouldhelpindispersionmodelsfor  J riskassessmentbasedontheseairemissions.'J|  0 Additionalneedsforcharacterizationincludefogoilsandotherobscurantswhichhave    beenperceivedaspotentiallyhazardousbysomestateenvironmentalorganizations.She   addedthatwhatevertechnologiesaredeveloped,itisimportantthattheybe idiotproof x  toallowthemtobeusedbyenlistedpersonnelwithaminimumoftraining. ^      &  |  DennisGoodenow,CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard| loԌ *z  Ќ  CARBroutinelydoestwotypesofairmonitoringasfollows:'* `  ) (00& / /""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXlld2 3   `   XllXX(X<ambientairqualitymonitoring(ongoingprojects)dg݌ , Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll~2 3   `   XllXX(X<specialpurposeairquality~݌ ! Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   HefeltthatORScouldbeanimportanttoolforthelatter.CARBisconcernedabout  monitoringimpactstohighriskpopulations(e.g.,schools,hospitals,etc.).Somecurrent  areasofconcernthatmayofferapplicationsforORSinclude: x / /""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllާ2 3   `   XllXX(X<childrensemissionsinitiative!monitoringemissionsinhomesand D playground,etc.tocheckwhatchemicalsarethechildrenexposedto.ާ݌ 9 Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXlli2 3   `   XllXX(X<Pesticidemonitoringil݌ o Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXlle2 3   `   XllXX(X<Toxicscontrolidentification!thereare188HAPSthatneedtobeidentifiedeh݌ d Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   `   XllXX(X<Controlledburnsinmilitarybases݌  Y Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!  X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   `   XllXX(X<Emergencyresponse(toxicspills,tirefires)݌ N Ќ *  X!` ` X!*   XE+4 44 <DL!  X!E    X&    VanShrieves,EPARegionalOfficeIV,Atlanta,GAY lo'Ԍ !)  Ќ  RegionIVcurrentlyhastwoDOASinstrumentsinuseformonitoringandtheyhave "! conductedsomespecialstudies.Hewouldliketoseeadditionalinformationexchangeto #" betterspreadthewordaboutORScapabilities.'!M $#     &  !  RickTaylor,MissouriStateEnvironmentalProtectionAgency!X lo4Ԍ W&!% Ќ  HehassuccessfullyappliedORSmethodsandbelievestheywordwellwhenapplied ='"& correctly.In1995,Missouriwasabletoidentifyonly6analyteswiththeOPFTIR.This #(s#' numberhasgreatlyincreasedto76identifiedcompoundswiththecurrenttechnology.  )Y$( ORSmethodshavebeenorwillbeappliedatsitessuchasswinefarms,landfills,and )?%) wastewatertreatmentplants.Multipleopticalmeasurements(tomography)arenon *%&* biasedandoffertemporalresolution,providingahugeadvantageoverconventional, + '+  grabsamplingmethodssuchasSUMMAcanisters.Furthermore,computerized ,', samplesarenondegradableandthereforehavebettersampleintegrity.'W&L -(- ЇXllXXXll    &  L  L lo~Ԍ̌ XllXXXll  XllXXXll      ACTIONSNEEDEDTOCREATEANDSUSTAINMOMENTUMe loMԌ  Ќ XllXXXll  '    & ~ 3  BillVaughn,ChairmanoftheAWMADivisiononRemoteSensing3j loFԌ b Ќ  AWMAsmissionistoassistinprofessionaldevelopmentandcriticalenvironmental H decisionmakingtobenefitsociety.AWMAspurposeistoenhanceknowledgeand . ~ providequalityinformationonwhichtobaseenvironmentaldecisions.Thetechnologies  d canproviderealtimedataonmultiplepollutantstoinformregulatorsandthepublic.'~b^  J     &  н  JimGallup!EPAmanagerofSmallBusinessInnovativeResearch(SBIR)programsн loԌ    Ќ  SBIRfundingisavailabletocompanieswithlessthan500employees.Thereisa1in10'     approval.Therearetwophasesinthefundingprogramasfollows:   / /""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXllο2 3   `   XllXX(X<PhaseI$70,000grantmoneyforsixmonthstoprovethefeasibilityofthe ^  technologyο݌ S  Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll!2 3   `   XllXX(X<B)PhaseII!canbeasmuchas$750,000.Opentocompetitionamong 9  companies!$݌ .~ Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   TheprogramdoesalotofSBIRNationalMeetingsacrossthecountrywherecompanies J willlistentowhatisbeingofferedatallagencies.Mostoftheproposalsseeninthe 0 measurementormonitoringareasarefromcompaniesthathaveworkedwithDepartment  ofDefenseandNationalAeronauticSpaceAdministration.  %  %  BobHolst,DODManagerforSERDP/ESCTPinvolvingenvironmentalcompliance x projects%݌ ^ Ќ  Thisisa3Agencypartnership(DODDOEEPA).DODsolicitationsincludebasicand D appliedresearch/advanceddevelopment(SERDP)anddemonstration/validation *z (ESCTP). ` FourthrustareasinSERDPinclude: ,  & (00) / /""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   `   XllXX(X<cleanup!cleaningupofunexplodedmaterials݌   Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   `   XllXX(X<conservation!tolocateendangeredspecies,maintenanceandrestoration݌ !  Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll2 3   `   XllXX(X<compliancearea!ensuringthatDODactivitiesmeetenvironmentalstandards݌ "! Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   ""  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H  ,E(` ` <DL!4X!E(X<XXXll+2 3   `   XllXX(X<HAPSsubstitution+.݌ #" Ќ *444X!` ` X!*   FinePManddustareconsideredtobemajorissuesloomingonthecompliancehorizon. b% $  ,H.4 <DL!444X!H    ,& 0   BillGrant,LidarApplicationsGroup,NASALangleyResearch, loԌ .'~"& Ќ  NASAhasinterestintheglobaltroposphereandstratosphere.Theyaremainlyinterested (d#' inthechemistryanddynamicsoftheradiationbudgetoftheatmosphere.Global (J$( airbornemeasurementscharacterizebackgroundatmosphereatdifferentpartsofthe )0%) world.Asianemissionsarebeingcheckedoutduetoincreasingconcerns.Seatransport *&* isfairlyefficientinthispartoftheworld.NASAhasnoneedforfurtherremotesensing, +&+ butthisisanopportunityforcoordinationwithotherEPAgroups,NOAAtypeprograms ,', intheUS.'0.'  x-(- ЇNASAisinterestedintechnology/instrumentcapableofhydrazinedetectionattheppb  level.Atthistime,itisverydifficulttodetecthydrazineleaksfromcontainersatthe  Cape.DetectionofhydrogenleaksfromshuttleenginesisalsoofinteresttoNASA. | %  %  LarryJones!Chief,EPA/ORD/NRMRL/APPCDEmissionsCharacterizationand H PreventionBranch%݌ . ~ Ќ  Hegaveanoverviewofwhathisbranchdoesandthetechnologyused.Theyhaveused  d OPFTIRinradialtomographyconfigurationasearlierpresentedbyDr.Hashmonay,to  J measureemissionfluxesfromanimalwasteoperations(swineregulationsandlooking  0 intopoultryaswell).        &    SusanThornloe!Scientist,EPA/ORD/NRMRL/APPCDAtmosphericProtectionBranchS oo/Ԍ   Ќ  ORDislookingforbettermethodsforemissionsmeasurements.Jointventureswith x  industryarehighlyrecommendedduetofundingrestraints.Oneongoingproject ^  involvesanewtypeoflandfilltechnology.Bioreactorsenhancedecomposition D  processeswithinlandfillsandproducelandfillgasatfasterrates,makingenergyrecovery *z  fromlandfillsmorecosteffective.Increasedfugitiveemissionsareofconcern. ` Applicationsofthenewtomographicapproachesareunderconsiderationtoaddressthe F issue.Otherpollutantslikemercuryshouldbebetterunderstoodtodeterminewhether , theyareanissueforhumanorecosystemhealth.Thestatusofcurrentknowledgeis  outdated.Partnershipwithindustryisthebestwaytomoveforward'G      &    MichaelCalidonna!ProjectManager,USAFResearchLaboratory,TyndallAFB,FL ooԌ t Ќ  TheUSAFhasworkedonnumerousoccasionswithothergovernmentalorganizations. Z NASAhasprovidedsomeseedmoney,andUSAFhascoordinatedpartnershipswith @ DODandEPA.Onedifficultydiscussedwastheissuesrelatedtogettingbuyinfor &v technologiesfromfederalandstateregulators.Thiscancostthevendoralotofinvested  \ time.Onesuccessfulapproachinvolvesgettingtogetherwithregulatorsinadvanceto B discusspotentialissues.Fundingfordevelopmentisavailablethroughnumerous ( differentchannels.Lt.CalidonnaexpressedhisconcernthatEPAsperceivedconvoluted  chainofcommandoftenslowsapprovalprocesses. p Itisimportantforvendorsto  understandtheDODneeds,andtoroutinelyfollowupwithcontactsinordertoaddress   theissues.Oneparticularneedheexpressedinvolvedsensingbiochemicaland p!  biologicalhazardstopreventmilitarycasualties.' t V"!