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EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER ; NSPS TEST METHOD ;  Method 2A Direct Measurement of Gas Volume Through Pipes ; and Small Ducts ; 1. APPLICABILITY AND PRINCIPLE ; l.l Applicability. This method applies to the measurementR& 8BibliogrphyBibliography0....fp2Doc InitInitialize Document StyleS "    I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)S !($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0   A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)jo4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleS $  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 S CuyTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?t2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper &  'xS(   Z)XXXXX?1('*dE*??1('*dE*?HH1HH2HH3HH4HH5HH6HH7HH8HH910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+('2xS$ CU!   <6X9`("Courier 10cpi.('2xS$ CU!   < 9(*Courier 10cpiBold dTable_A&0 d d d'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5('2xS$ CU!   ($ (    ) 3452M << deUUXXQYmXX;Q4X)~XXm+(XX+Vbr,,fXX +XX+VAr,,iXX+)XXa+PbXXp+Tr8 ( absx )XXH(XXV=gm,,4fXXXXVgm,,r4iXX)XX&(XXPgbXXXX;PggXX )XX T gm^ g( gabs g) func{Ysubm~=~{(Vsubrsubf````Vsubrsubi)`Psubb```Tsub{r(abs)}}over{(Vsubmsubf````Vsubmsubi)(Psubb``+``Psubg)`Tsub{m(abs)}}} 4xS#   *pP hX*,XD XXX]] Eq.2A1 XX Vm,,sXX{ XXK YmXXDvXXDxXXDExXXDxXXDxXXDwXX}XXXXEXXXXXX~=X3XX(XX%PbarXXXXxPgXXE)XX(XX5Vm,, ^fXXp XX* V m,, ^iXX9 )XX (XX) 293XX $XX KXX)XXC}(XX}T88mXX})XX}(XXx}760XX }mmXX }HgXX }) func{Vsubmsubs~=~Ysubm``left[{(Psub\bar``+```Psubg)(Vsubmsubf`````Vsubmsubi)(293`DEGK)}over{(Tsubm)(760`mm`Hg)}right]} 4xS#   *pP hX*,XD XXX]] Eq.2A2 XXQsXX9eX'XXFVYm,,+sXXJ (func{Qsubs~=~VsubmsubsOVERtheta} 4xS#   *pP hX*,XD XXX]] Eq.2A3  CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|d2 H`$4Line Draw 12cpiFull-LGX&d H@'X@<6X9`("Courier 10cpiFull-LGXx6X@8;X@< 9(*Courier 10cpiBoldl-LGXx B;X( U$  ((3$ CU!   j%\ ?e ?e T E'   IXXXX<( 9Z &Courier Regular CU!   )XXXX    H7IIXXdd7  DXXMETHOD2ADIRECTMEASUREMENTOFGASVOLUME Z THROUGHPIPESANDSMALLDUCTS  >    NOTE: Thismethoddoesnotincludeallofthe   specifications(e.g.,equipmentandsupplies)andprocedures  r (e.g.,sampling)essentialtoitsperformance.Some  6 materialisincorporatedbyreferencefromothermethodsinthispart.Therefore,toobtainreliableresults,personsusingthismethodshouldhaveathoroughknowledgeofatleastthefollowingadditionaltestmethods:Method1,Method2.1.0ScopeandApplication. (  1.1Thismethodisapplicableforthedeterminationofgasflowratesinpipesandsmallducts,eitherinlineoratexhaustpositions,withinthetemperaturerangeof0to50$C(32to122$F). ,  1.2DataQualityObjectives.Adherencetotherequirementsofthismethodwillenhancethequalityofthedataobtainedfromairpollutantsamplingmethods.2.0SummaryofMethod. <%#  2.1Agasvolumemeterisusedtomeasuregasvolumedirectly.Temperatureandpressuremeasurementsaremadetoallowcorrectionofthevolumetostandardconditions.H3.0Definitions.[Reserved] @,%+ 4.0Interferences.[Reserved] Z 5.0Safety.   5.1Disclaimer.Thismethodmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thistestmethodmaynotaddressallofthesafetyproblemsassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthistestmethodtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortoperformingthistestmethod.6.0EquipmentandSupplies. 2  Specificationsfortheapparatusaregivenbelow.Anyotherapparatusthathasbeendemonstrated(subjecttoapprovaloftheAdministrator)tobecapableofmeetingthespecificationswillbeconsideredacceptable. 6.1GasVolumeMeter.Apositivedisplacementmeter,turbinemeter,orotherdirectmeasuringdevicecapableofmeasuringvolumetowithin2percent.Themetershallbeequippedwithatemperaturesensor(accuratetowithin2percentoftheminimumabsolutetemperature)andapressuregauge(accuratetowithin2.5mmHg).Themanufacturer'srecommendedcapacityofthemetershallbesufficientfortheexpectedmaximumandminimumflowratesforthesamplingconditions.Temperature,pressure,corrosive &-&, characteristics,andpipesizearefactorsnecessarytoconsiderinselectingasuitablegasmeter. 6.2Barometer.Amercury,aneroid,orotherbarometercapableofmeasuringatmosphericpressuretowithin2.5mmHg.  NOTE: Inmanycases,thebarometricreadingmaybe .  obtainedfromanearbyNationalWeatherServicestation,inwhichcasethestationvalue(whichistheabsolutebarometricpressure)shallberequestedandanadjustmentforelevationdifferencesbetweentheweatherstationandsamplingpointshallbeappliedatarateofminus2.5mm(0.1in.)Hgper30m(100ft)elevationincreaseorviceversaforelevationdecrease. 6.3Stopwatch.Capableofmeasurementtowithin1second.7.0ReagentsandStandards.[Reserved]   8.0SampleCollectionandAnalysis. "D   8.1Installation.Astherearenumeroustypesofpipesandsmallductsthatmaybesubjecttovolumemeasurement,itwouldbedifficulttodescribeallpossibleinstallationschemes.Ingeneral,flangefittingsshouldbeusedforallconnectionswhereverpossible.Gasketsorothersealmaterialsshouldbeusedtoassureleaktight 6-&, connections.Thevolumemetershouldbelocatedsoastoavoidseverevibrationsandotherfactorsthatmayaffectthemetercalibration. 8.2LeakTest. 8.2.1Avolumemeterinstalledatalocationunderpositivepressuremaybeleakcheckedatthemeterconnectionsbyusingaliquidleakdetectorsolutioncontainingasurfactant.Applyasmallamountofthesolutiontotheconnections.Ifaleakexists,bubbleswillform,andtheleakmustbecorrected. 8.2.2Avolumemeterinstalledatalocationundernegativepressureisverydifficulttotestforleakswithoutblockingflowattheinletofthelineandwatchingformetermovement.Ifthisprocedureisnotpossible,visuallycheckallconnectionstoassureleaktightseals. 8.3VolumeMeasurement. 8.3.1Forsourceswithcontinuous,steadyemissionflowrates,recordtheinitialmetervolumereading,metertemperature(s),meterpressure,andstartthestopwatch.Throughoutthetestperiod,recordthemetertemperaturesandpressuressothataveragevaluescanbedetermined.Attheendofthetest,stopthetimer,andrecordtheelapsedtime,thefinalvolumereading,metertemperature,and 2-&, pressure.Recordthebarometricpressureatthebeginningandendofthetestrun.RecordthedataonatablesimilartothatshowninFigure2A1. 8.3.2Forsourceswithnoncontinuous,nonsteadyemissionflowrates,usetheprocedureinSection8.3.1withtheadditionofthefollowing:Recordallthemeterparametersandthestartandstoptimescorrespondingtoeachprocesscyclicalornoncontinuousevent.9.0QualityControl. z  *q./ ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#q,(dd , dd ,@ dd +  301" 8 3Section ;01*01 ;QualityControlMeasure 201!01 2Effect J19!   01 xJ10.110.4 21!J1 2Samplingequipmentcalibration 21!,1 2Ensureaccuratemeasurementofstackgasflowrate,samplevolume1'% x   1 1C10.0CalibrationandStandardization. j  10.1VolumeMeter. 10.1.1Thevolumemeteriscalibratedagainstastandardreferencemeterpriortoitsinitialuseinthefield.Thereferencemeterisaspirometerorliquiddisplacementmeterwithacapacityconsistentwiththatofthetestmeter. 10.1.2Alternatively,acalibrated,standardpitotmaybeusedasthereferencemeterinconjunctionwithawindtunnelassembly.Attachthetestmetertothewind ,B&/ tunnelsothatthetotalflowpassesthroughthetestmeter.Foreachcalibrationrun,conducta4pointtraversealongonestackdiameteratapositionatleasteightdiametersofstraighttunneldownstreamandtwodiametersupstreamofanybend,inlet,orairmover.DeterminethetraversepointlocationsasspecifiedinMethod1.CalculatethereferencevolumeusingthevelocityvaluesfollowingtheprocedureinMethod2,thewindtunnelcrosssectionalarea,andtheruntime. 10.1.3Setupthetestmeterinaconfigurationsimilartothatusedinthefieldinstallation(i.e.,in  relationtotheflowmovingdevice).Connectthetemperaturesensorandpressuregaugeastheyaretobeusedinthefield.Connectthereferencemeterattheinletoftheflowline,ifappropriateforthemeter,andbegingasflowthroughthesystemtoconditionthemeters.Duringthisconditioningoperation,checkthesystemforleaks. 10.1.4Thecalibrationshallbeperformedduringatleastthreedifferentflowrates.Thecalibrationflowratesshallbeabout0.3,0.6,and0.9timestheratedmaximumflowrateofthetestmeter. 10.1.5Foreachcalibrationrun,thedatatobecollectedinclude:referencemeterinitialandfinalvolume 2-&, readings,thetestmeterinitialandfinalvolumereading,meteraveragetemperatureandpressure,barometricpressure,andruntime.Repeattherunsateachflowrateatleastthreetimes. 10.1.6CalculatethetestmetercalibrationcoefficientasindicatedinSection12.2. 10.1.7ComparethethreeYmvaluesateachofthe   flowratestestedanddeterminethemaximumandminimumvalues.Thedifferencebetweenthemaximumandminimumvaluesateachflowrateshouldbenogreaterthan0.030.Extrarunsmayberequiredtocompletethisrequirement.Ifthisspecificationcannotbemetinsixsuccessiveruns,thetestmeterisnotsuitableforuse.Inaddition,themetercoefficientsshouldbebetween0.95and1.05.Ifthesespecificationsaremetatalltheflowrates,averagealltheYmvaluesfromrunsmeetingthespecificationstoobtain  | anaveragemetercalibrationcoefficient,Ym. "@   10.1.8Theprocedureaboveshallbeperformedatleastonceforeachvolumemeter.Thereafter,anabbreviatedcalibrationcheckshallbecompletedfollowingeachfieldtest.Thecalibrationofthevolumemetershallbecheckedwiththemeterpressuresetattheaveragevalueencounteredduringthefieldtest.Threecalibrationchecks 2-&, (runs)shallbeperformedusingthisaverageflowratevalue.Calculatetheaveragevalueofthecalibrationfactor.Ifthecalibrationhaschangedbymorethan5percent,recalibratethemeteroverthefullrangeofflowasdescribedabove.  NOTE: Ifthevolumemetercalibrationcoefficient .  valuesobtainedbeforeandafteratestseriesdifferbymorethan5percent,thetestseriesshalleitherbevoided,orcalculationsforthetestseriesshallbeperformedusingwhichevermetercoefficientvalue(i.e.,beforeorafter) B givesthegreatervalueofpollutantemissionrate. 10.2TemperatureSensor.Aftereachtestseries,checkthetemperaturesensoratambienttemperature.UseanAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)mercuryinglassreferencethermometer,orequivalent,asareference.Ifthesensorbeingcheckedagreeswithin2percent(absolutetemperature)ofthereference,thetemperaturedatacollectedinthefieldshallbeconsideredvalid.Otherwise,thetestdatashallbeconsideredinvalidoradjustmentsoftheresultsshallbemade,subjecttotheapprovaloftheAdministrator. 10.3Barometer.Calibratethebarometerusedagainstamercurybarometerpriortothefieldtest. 6-&, 11.0AnalyticalProcedure. Z  Samplecollectionandanalysisareconcurrentforthismethod(seeSection8.0).12.0DataAnalysisandCalculations.  L  Carryoutcalculations,retainingatleastoneextradecimalfigurebeyondthatoftheacquireddata.Roundofffiguresafterfinalcalculation. 12.1Nomenclature. f =Finalreading. z   i =Initialreading. >  Pbar =Barometricpressure,mmHg.   Pg =Averagestaticpressureinvolumemeter,mmHg. l  Qs =Gasflowrate,m3/min,standardconditions. 0  s =Standardconditions,20$Cand760mmHg. N  Tr =Referencemeteraveragetemperature,$K($R).   Tm =Testmeteraveragetemperature,$K($R).  |  Vr =Referencemetervolumereading,m3. "@   Vm =Testmetervolumereading,m3. ^$"   "&$  Ym =Testmetercalibrationcoefficient, Z dimensionless.  =Elapsedtestperiodtime,min.    12.2TestMeterCalibrationCoefficient.6879P@<x ( X 0 @XddddddddE j ad$ c j     (#(#           (#(#   12.3Volume.6;:<P@<x ( X 0 @XddddddddE z fdiB z   (#(#           (#(#   12.4GasFlowRate.6>=?P@<x ( X 0 @XddddddddE  d@ l   (#(#      (#(#  13.0MethodPerformance.[Reserved]  14.0PollutionPrevention.[Reserved]  | 15.0WasteManagement.[Reserved] "@  16.0References. ^$"  1.Rom,JeromeJ.Maintenance,Calibration,andOperationofIsokineticSourceSamplingEquipment.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,ResearchTrianglePark,NC. PublicationNo.APTD0576.March1972. b+%*  2.Wortman,Martin,R.Vollaro,andP.R.Westlin. DryGasVolumeMeterCalibrations.SourceEvaluationSocietyNewsletter.Vol.2,No.2.May1977. 3.Westlin,P.R.,andR.T.Shigehara.ProcedureforCalibratingandUsingDryGasVolumeMetersasCalibrationStandards.SourceEvaluationSocietyNewsletter.Vol.3,No.1.February1978.17.0Tables,Diagrams,Flowcharts,andValidationData. \  [Reserved]