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Üģü!(#°„ŽX!ÓŌ€0ō¾HōX XreŌŌ€1ō½Xōō ō¾HŌŻ  ŻŻ‚’’kŻŻ  ŻÓ  ÓŻƒ’’kå݌̌Ó! °„ŽXÜģü!(#!ÓŌ€1XŻmXōō½XŌŌ€0XreXXXŻmŌŻ  Ż(X ę `Palatinoō\  `$Times NewRomanŻ ƒ!ŻŻ  ŻŃ  ŃŅܰŅŅܰŅÓ ØżÓÓ  Óņ ņń ńńńńńńńÖ€ ’’ÖńńńńÖ€/’’ÖńńńńńńÖ€%’’ÖńńńńńńÖ€"’’Öńńń ńń ńÖ€)’’Öń ńń ńÖ€ ’’Öń ńń ńÖ€,’’Öń ńŌ€XŻmXXXŌMEETING€MINUTESŠ Ü ŠĢFACA€Subcommittee€for€Ozone,€Particulate€Matter,€and€ĢRegional€Haze€Implementation€ProgramsĢPortland,€OregonĢĢWednesday,€August€13,€1997ĢÓ  ÓĢó óĢņ ņWilliam€Hamilton€[Designated€Federal€Officer,€U.S.€Environmental€Protection€Agency€(EPA)]ó óŠ ą  Šcalled€the€meeting€to€order€at€8:40€AM.€€He€welcomed€participants€and€made€opening€remarks.€€Mr.ĻHamilton€noted€that€John€Seitz€and€Sally€Shaver€would€not€be€attending€the€meeting.€€Bill€HarnettĻwould€replace€them€over€the€next€two€days,€and€on€Thursday€Tom€Curran€would€be€the€EPA€co„chair.€ĻMr.€Hamilton€€introduced€Gary€Allen€of€the€Metropolitan€Washington€Air€Quality€Commission€as€aĻnew€member€of€the€FACA€Subcommittee.€€ĢĢMr.€Hamilton€noted€that€two€eveningŌ€XŻmXXXŻmŌ€sessions€had€been€planned€on€National€Ambient€Air€QualityŠ @ ŠStandards€(NAAQS)€and€monitoring.€€He€said€the€draft€minutes€from€the€June€meeting€were€availableĻon€the€Technology€Transfer€Network€(TTN).€€Mr.€Hamilton€also€asked€attendees€to€submit€their€travelĻexpenses€to€EPA€as€soon€as€possible.ĢĢņ ņAlan€Krupnick€(Resources€for€the€Future)ó ó€said€that€the€meeting€would€focus€on€the€PresidentialŠ “ ŠDirective€(PD)€and€the€future€of€the€Subcommittee.€€The€PD€had€left€a€lot€of€issues€on€the€table.€€Mr.ĻKrupnick€said€that€the€members€of€the€subcommittee€should€not€be€discouraged.€€From€his€viewpointĻas€an€economist,€the€PD€suggested€movement€toward€incentive„€and€market„based€strategies.€€The€mainĻissue€mentioned€was€trading€pollution€credits€in€the€Ozone€Transport€Assessment€Group€(OTAG).€€Mr.ĻKrupnick€said€the€Subcommittee€should€make€this€a€reality.€€However,€if€the€policy€was€to€go€to€85Ļpercent€nitrogen€oxide€(NOņņxóó)€reduction,€he€questioned€why€they€should€even€bother€with€trading.€€ItŠ ī Šmight€not€be€worth€the€trouble€if€only€utilities€were€involved.ĢĢMr.€Krupnick€talked€about€the€Clean€Air€Investment€Fund.€€One€could€view€the€$10,000/ton€cost€as€aĻway€to€ensure€that€reductions€occurred€at€the€lowest€possible€cost.€€They€might€want€to€think€of€it€inĻterms€of€effective€tons.€€Mr.€Krupnick€thought€there€was€time€for€pilot€programs€with€economicĻincentives€such€as€CMAT.€€Finally,€he€said€that€EPA€had€not€joined€the€ozone€and€particulate€matterĻ(PM)€groups,€and€that€maybe€EPA€should€join€them.ĢĢņ ņBill€Harnett€(EPA)ó ó€talked€about€the€PD€and€how€it€came€about.€€He€said€there€was€no€plan€for€itŠ ņ' $ Šoriginally.€€The€directive€was€developed€as€a€part€of€a€process€that€started€with€the€Clean€Air€ActššsĻ(CAA)€distinction€between€standards€development,€which€was€health„based,€and€their€implementation.Š Ą)ä!& ŠThe€CAA€had€always€separated€setting€standards€and€implementing€standards,€and€the€two€issues€shouldĻbe€separate.€€The€EPA€Administrator,€Carol€Browner,€intended€to€maintain€this€approach€to€standardĻsetting,€and€in€discussions,€shared€information€about€how€she€saw€the€issues€and€the€time€lines.€ĻAdministrator€Browner€was€clear€on€how€to€go€forward€and€talked€about€the€work€coming€from€theĻFACA€Subcommittee,€the€work€from€OTAG,€all€of€the€work€on€implementation€at€State€and€localĻlevels,€the€PM€standard€at€2.5€microns,€and€the€lack€of€a€monitoring€network.€€It€was€her€view€thatĻimplementation€should€be€put€in€writing€and€explained€to€the€public,€showing€how€it€would€move€andĻwhat€the€dates€would€be.€€That€was€what€led€to€the€PD.€€Also,€other€agencies€felt€strongly€that€itemsĻmust€be€written€down€to€bind€EPA€to€a€course€of€action.ĢĢMr.€Harnett€said€it€was€important€for€EPA€to€go€in€the€direction€of€implementation.€It€was€the€rightĻdirection€to€move€and€it€was€a€mandate.€€That€was€the€reason€the€PD€was€written.€€It€was€originallyĻmuch€longer,€with€the€draft€at€50€pages.€€Other€agencies€participated€in€its€development€and€hadĻdifferent€views€than€States€and€local€agencies€would€have.€€The€PD€focused€on€how€EPA€and€otherĻagencies€would€go€forward.€€It€moved€on€a€faster€time€frame€than€most€issues.€€In€the€monitoringĻproposal,€for€example,€the€PD€said€data€from€monitors€initially€would€be€used€for€science€and€not€forĻdesignations€or€regulatory€sanctions.€€EPA€had€proposed€an€Interim€Implementation€Plan€(IIP),€but€theyĻhad€modified€it€substantially€based€on€feedback€from€congressional€members€who€worked€on€the€CleanĻAir€Act€Amendments€(CAAA)€of€1990,€particularly€Congressmen€(John)€Dingell€(D„Michigan)€andĻ(Henry)€Waxman€(D„California).€€They€adopted€the€point€of€view€that€CAAA€Part€2€applied€all€the€wayĻthrough,€which€made€a€difference€in€how€EPA€proceeded.ĢÓ  ӀĢÓ  ÓMr.€Harnett€said€there€would€be€bumps€up;€they€would€be€triggered€by€failure€to€meet€the€1„hourĻstandard,€not€the€8„hour€standard.€€The€emphasis€on€public€health€protection€was€high.€€EPA€felt€thatĻthere€would€be€reductions€in€the€near€term.€€The€timetables€for€PM„fine€were€driven€by€the€lack€ofĻmonitoring€data.€€EPA€also€revised€the€rules€of€New€Source€Review€(NSR)€for€nonattainment€andĻtransitional€areas.ĢĢAs€far€as€a€regional€strategy€for€ozone€was€concerned,€Mr.€Harnett€said€that€EPA€would€come€out€inĻSeptember€with€its€analysis€for€the€States.€€It€had€deferred€designations€in€the€East.€€If€an€area€could€getĻback€into€attainment€through€the€regional€strategy,€they€would€not€be€put€through€the€entire€process.€ĻAn€area€would€be€classified€as€transitional€and€held€to€its€prior€commitments.€€That€was€the€originalĻgoal.ĢĢFor€areas€in€the€West€and€areas€that€were€close,€Mr.€Harnett€said€EPA€would€offer€the€same€options€toĻany€place€with€a€proper€State€Implementation€Plan€(SIP)€that€met€the€1„hour€standard€from€now€untilĻ2000.€€The€1„hour€standard€would€be€phased€out€as€soon€as€it€was€attained.€€Then€only€the€8„hourĻstandard€would€apply.€€Areas€eligible€for€transitional€classification€outside€of€OTAG€were€only€inĻCalifornia.€€They€could€use€input€on€the€requirements€for€areas€that€were€close€to€attainment€by€2000.€ĻŠ ˜*¼"' ЇMr.€Harnett€said€that€EPA's€focus€was€the€change€in€the€standard.€€There€was€a€stigma€associated€withĻnonattainment€areas.€€Those€areas€that€had€worked€with€industry,€transportation€conformity,€and€Ō‡XŻmXXXŻmŌNSRŌ#†XŻmXXXŻm #ŌŠ Ąä Šwere€the€areas€where€nonattainment€would€be€affected.€€At€the€same€time,€they€would€look€at€trying€toĻnot€move€industry€from€one€area€to€another.€€The€areas€that€would€get€no€benefit€were€ones€that€did€notĻsubmit€a€SIP€by€2000,€areas€that€did€not€request€transitional€classification,€and€areas€that€did€not€attainĻthe€1„hour€standard€by€2000.ĢĢMr.€Harnett€said€that€EPA€believed€cap„and„trade€would€work,€but€that€it€did€not€have€the€authority€toĻimplement€a€program;€it€would€be€up€to€the€States€to€do€that.€€EPA€could€accept€several€programs,Ļwhich€State€governors€would€present.ĢĢEPA€did€not€believe€that€PM„2.5€could€be€estimated€without€monitoring€data.€€The€monitoring€programĻwas€in€EPA's€budget,€and€it€would€pay€for€speciation.€€Congress€agreed€that€EPA€needed€the€monitoringĻnetwork€and€was€including€money€in€the€budget€to€pay€labor€costs.€€Mr.€Harnett€thought€that€thisĻcommitment€from€Congress€would€hold.€€The€most€important€thing€was€getting€the€monitors€in€placeĻand€doing€speciation;€EPA€would€designate€areas€later.€€Also,€EPA€would€not€implement€nationalĻmeasures€before€it€had€three€years€of€data.€€It€would€not€act€on€designations€until€after€the€five„yearĻscience€review€was€completed.€€This€would€allow€speciated€data€from€the€new€monitors€to€be€tied€intoĻhealth€studies.€€It€would€be€considering€data€that€were€in€place€now.€€When€one€had€to€attain€dependedĻon€the€area's€classification.ĢĢMr.€Harnett€said€that€many€rules€were€going€into€place,€and€implementation€of€these€programs€wouldĻcontinue.€€ĢĢRegarding€implementation€of€PM„10€standards,€Mr.€Harnett€noted€that€the€standard€had€been€relaxedĻfrom€its€present€form.€€It€was€currently€a€99th€percentile.€€The€24„hour€standard€was€making€areasĻnonattainment€under€PM„10€but€probably€not€under€PM„2.5.€€They€needed€to€address€the€standards€inĻthe€SIP€to€get€out€of€having€to€meet€the€relaxed€PM„10€standard.€€On€the€implementation€side,€theĻcommitment€was€to€get€those€done€by€1998.€€Then€the€States€could€choose€whether€they€wanted€to€aimĻfor€a€transitional€classification.ĢĢMr.€Harnett€said€EPA€felt€that€the€$10,000/ton€cutoff€was€arbitrary€and€wrong.€€This€was€because€theyĻtraditionally€overestimated€costs€and€underestimated€benefits.€€The€Clean€Air€Investment€Fund€wasĻsuggested€as€a€solution€to€this€problem.€€Other€parts€of€the€Administration€agreed.€€The€States€still€mustĻcome€in€with€attainment€demonstrations.ĢĢEPA€did€not€want€to€make€local€area€decisions.€€For€existing€ozone€nonattainment€areas,€EPA€saw€themĻas€still€aiming€for€their€current€timeline€for€the€1„hour€standard.€€Then€they€could€use€the€next€threeĻyears€to€attain€the€8„hour€standard.€€Los€Angeles€still€must€meet€both€standards€in€2010,€and€there€wasĻnothing€they€could€do€about€this.Š ˜*¼"' ŠĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€the€goals€for€this€session€were€to€discuss€important€points€of€Mr.€Harnett'sĻpresentation,€provided€the€discussions€were€productive€and€of€interest€to€everyone.€€Then€they€wantedĻto€turn€to€the€discussion€of€the€Subcommittee's€future.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€it€might€be€easier€to€discuss€ozone€first€and€then€PM.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€would€discuss€ozone,€then€PM,€then€integration.ĢĢņ ņShawn€Kendall€(Phelps€Dodge)€ó óasked€whether€the€$10,000/ton€was€a€capital€cost€or€an€annualizedŠ š”  Šcost€and€whether€it€affected€facilities€that€already€had€controls.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€it€was€an€annualized€cost.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€whether€EPA€would€require€a€retrofit€if€a€new€technology€became€available.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€assuming€there€was€equivalent€control,€there€would€be€no€reason€to€switch.ĢĢņ ņRobert€Wyman€(Latham€and€Watkins)ó ó€said€he€thought€it€would€be€important€to€show€what€they€hadŠ ¤ž Špreviously€done€with€caps.€€It€would€be€good€to€have€a€background€talk€at€the€October,€1997ĻSubcommittee€meeting.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€the€economic€incentives€group€would€meet€at€lunch€and€discuss€options.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€there€were€other€ways€a€State€could€handle€this€issue.ĢĢņ ņSarah€Peirce„Sandner€(Eastman€Kodak)ó ó€asked€what€the€$10,000/ton€meant€and€whether€itŠ Ź"Ä Šinfluenced€SIPs.€€She€also€asked€how€EPA€arrived€at€that€number.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€a€State€was€still€required€to€show€reductions€and€its€measures€for€obtaining€them.€ĻEPA€was€willing€to€give€credit€for€a€trust€fund,€and€there€would€be€opportunities€in€the€SIP€process€toĻdetermine€how€much€credit€could€be€given€to€a€fund€that€might€allow€a€State€to€buy€credits€fromĻsomeone€else.€€EPA€had€not€gone€into€the€SIP€process€and€how€it€would€be€implemented.Ō€¼œ¼XX];ŌŌ€¼ ¼¼¼œŌ€€Ō€XÖ X ¼¼ŌŌ€ Xr\X XXÖŌEPA€wasŠ ((" $ ŠŌ€X];XX Xr\Ōusing€its€estimates€of€the€higher€end€of€control€costs.€€The€other€agencies€accepted€EPA's€approachŠ 0)*!% Šprovided€EPA€gave€the€States€the€same€goal€that€was€given€to€those€agencies.€€Maximum€AchievableŠ *"& ŠControl€Technology€(MACT)€programs€had€their€own€standards€and€technologies€that€would€not€beĻaffected.€€They€were€looking€more€toward€control€measures.ĢĢņ ņDennis€Lawler€(Illinois€EPA)ó ó€asked€whether€States€would€have€the€option€of€joining€this€program.Š ² ¬ Š€ĢBill€Harnett€said€that€EPA€thought€it€would€run€at€the€State€level.€€EPA€could€help€with€the€structureĻand€the€data€bases,€but€could€not€mandate€that€two€States€work€together.ĢĢņ ņVincent€Brisini€(GPU€Genco)ó ó€asked€whether€the€Clean€Air€Investment€Fund€was€available€to€thoseŠ ,& Šareas€that€did€not€meet€the€standard.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€it€would€be€available€to€all€areas.ĢĢņ ņDavid€Hawkins€(Natural€Resources€Defense€Council)€ó óasked€whether€EPA€would€issue€guidance€orŠ ¦   Štimelines.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€EPA€was€encouraging€States€to€think€about€it,€and€it€might€put€out€some€generalĻguidance.€€Some€areas€not€classified€as€serious€would€be€able€to€set€a€cost€and€fix€their€plans.ĢĢņ ņBill€Luneberg€(GASP)ó ó€asked€whether€they€would€hear€about€EPAššs€views€on€how€this€affectedŠ ž Štransitional€areas,€given€that€NSR€rules€were€revised.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€if€the€transitional€areas€operated€close€to€attainment€areas,€he€was€not€sure€EPAĻknew€where€it€would€come€from.€€The€NSR€people€were€not€involved.ĢĢņ ņMike€Wrightó ó€ņ ņ(Steelworkers'€Union)€ó óasked€whether€it€was€fair€to€say€that€EPA€would€look€favorablyŠ b\ Šon€considering€costs€during€planning.€€He€also€asked€whether€the€need€to€comply€would€be€theĻdetermining€factor€in€some€areas.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€the€SIPs€still€had€to€meet€the€standards.€€For€example,€inspection/maintenanceĻ(I/M)€programs€worked€very€well€in€some€areas€but€not€in€others.€€EPA€did€not€think€one€should€surpassĻthose€costs,€but€there€still€needed€to€be€a€lot€of€work.ĢĢņ ņJim€West€(affiliation€unknown)€ó ósaid€that€the€Clean€Air€Fund€was€under€suit€for€alleged€violations€ofŠ ˆ%‚! Šenvironmental€justice.€€He€asked€what€effect€this€action€was€having€on€EPA.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€it€was€an€issue.Ģā āŠ )!% Šņ ņBeverly€Hartsock€(Texas€NRCC)ó ó€asked€whether€there€would€be€any€new€areas€designated€for€the€1„Š  Šā āhour€standard,€whether€there€would€be€multiple€decision€processes,€and€whether€there€were€optionsĻavailable€for€areas€in€the€West€in€the€coarse€grid.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€there€might€be€some€re„designations.€€For€the€ozone€timeline,€EPA€was€alreadyĻlooking€at€2007€and€limiting€itself€to€that€year.€€EPA€staff€felt€that€it€was€unlikely.€€For€PM„2.5€moreĻdata€still€were€needed€on€implementation.€€The€longer€deadlines€were€not€a€bad€feature.€€On€the€coarseĻgrid,€the€transitional€classification€was€still€available€to€all€areas€of€the€country.€€The€distinction€was€thatĻgroups€that€did€regional€planning€would€not€have€to€go€through€it€again.ĢĢņ ņJohn€Crouchó ó€ņ ņ(Hearth€Products€Association)ó ó€asked€whether€Areas€of€Influence€(AOIs)€and€AreasŠ ōī  Šof€Violation€(AOVs)€were€totally€off€the€table.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€no,€not€by€any€means.€€It€was€left€out€for€clarity€and€did€not€need€to€be€part€of€hisĻdiscussion.€€EPA€believed€AOIs/AOVs€were€the€way€to€go.€€They€would€designate€the€counties€and€notĻjust€the€Consolidated€Metropolitan€Statistical€Area€(CMSA).€€Again€for€PM€fines,€EPA€was€lackingĻinformation.€€There€was€a€significant€regional€component.€€There€was€a€different€kind€of€strategy€in€theĻEast€going€on€regionally€right€then€for€ozone.€€It€would€clearly€be€there€for€PM.€€ĢĢņ ņNancy€Kruger€(STAPPA/ALAPCO)ó ó€said€the€PD€indicated€that€new€areas€would€be€designated€in€nextŠ žų Šfew€months.€€She€asked€how€many€and€which€years€EPA€would€be€looking€at.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€2007.ĢĢNancy€Kruger€asked€what€the€significance€of€2010€or€2012€was.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€2012€applied€to€other€areas€that€were€not€transitional€or€nonattainment€areas.€ĻEPA€was€offering€this€to€people€who€came€in€early€and€attained€by€2007.€€If€they€did€not€do€that,€theyĻwould€be€functioning€like€a€non„attainment€area.€€The€only€areas€that€EPA€might€re„designate€were€theĻones€that€EPA€thought€might€be€falling€into€nonattainment.€€EPA€was€looking€at€the€most€recent€dataĻand€would€put€out€a€notice€that€said€which€areas€EPA€saw€as€meeting€the€new€standards€and€then€allowĻcomments.ĢĢņ ņJim€Lents€(University€of€California„Riverside)ó ó€said€Bill€Harnett€was€indicating€that€they€should€lookŠ |%v! Šat€the€1„hour€standard,€but€it€might€be€better€to€look€at€the€8„hour€standard.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€if€one€did€not€meet€1„hour€standard€or€8„hour€standard,€plans€must€show€how€oneĻwas€going€to€meet€both.ĢŠ ö)š!& ЇÓ  Óņ ņ******BREAK******Š  ŠÓ  Óó óĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€resumed€the€discussion€on€the€same€issue€after€the€break.ĢĢņ ņMike€Silverstein€(Colorado€CDPHE)ó ó€referred€to€ozone€areas€that€attained€the€old€standard€and€askedŠ z t Šwhether€EPA€would€require€continued€controls€and€maintenance€of€controls.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€removing€something€from€a€SIP€required€proof€that€it€would€not€affect€a€State'sĻability€to€meet€requirements.€€As€for€SIP€maintenance€plans,€it€depended€on€which€classification€theĻState€wanted.ĢĢMike€Silverstein€asked€what€EPA€intended€to€do€about€transportation€conformity.ĢĢņ ņGay€MacGregor€(EPA,€Office€of€Mobile€Sources)ó ó€said€that€if€an€area€was€re„designated,€then€theŠ „~  Šmaintenance€plan€would€not€be€required.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€they€were€talking€about€areas€that€did€not€currently€have€maintenance€plans.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€how€EPA€would€handle€an€area€that€met€the€standard€from€1994€to€1996€but€notĻin€1997.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€a€decision€had€not€been€made.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€he€understood€that€EPA€would€take€comment€on€those€areas.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€would€present€it€as€a€finding€and€then€take€public€comments.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€that€if€there€was€a€replacement€plan€to€consider€the€8„hour€standard,€it€would€makeĻsense€to€let€the€plan€change.€€However,€it€appeared€there€was€a€gap€between€the€1„hour€standard€and€theĻ8„hour€standard.€€He€wanted€to€know€how€locked€in€EPA's€thinking€was€on€this€issue.€€Mr.€HawkinsĻsaid€he€did€not€see€this€issue€addressed€in€the€PD.€€He€asked€what€the€nature€of€EPAššs€thinking€was€onĻthis€decision€and€whether€it€would€it€take€comment€or€just€make€a€declaration.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€the€understanding€was€that€they€would€not€require€maintenance€plans.€€The€1„hourĻstandard€was€no€longer€the€interim€standard.€€There€were€a€number€of€incentives€in€the€system.€€An€areaĻshould€be€trying€to€meet€the€8„hour€standard€if€it€just€got€out€of€the€1„hour€standard.€€EPA€also€felt€thatĻā āthe€regional€reductions€in€the€East€would€keep€things€moving€forward.€€EPA€thought€these€were€theŠ )!% Šthings€to€be€pushing€now.€€Mr.€Harnett€said€he€thought€that€the€movement€was€there€in€terms€ofĻimplementation€plans.Ģā āĢņ ņSteve€Gerritson€(LADCO)ó ó€asked€whether€the€evaluation€of€the€8„hour€standard€would€be€a€one„timeŠ ² ¬ Šthing.€€He€also€asked€about€AOIs€and€AOVs,€noting€the€need€for€EPA€to€be€flexible.€€He€said€he€wantedĻsome€assurance€that€the€way€they€dealt€with€transport€was€considered€in€the€PD.€€Mr.€Gerritson€thoughtĻit€would€be€helpful€to€let€everyone€know€their€responsibilities.€€If€they€could€integrate€planning,€it€wouldĻhelp.ĢĢBill€Harnett€replied€that€designations€were€never€š šone€timešš.€€He€thought€they€were€looking€at€ozoneĻchanging€so€that€all€areas€in€the€East,€including€attainment€areas,€would€benefit.€€In€the€West,€he€thoughtĻthere€were€areas€that€might€become€ozone€problems€and€move€out€of€attainment;€designations€in€theĻWest€must€be€well„managed.€€In€reference€to€AOIs/AOVs,€Mr.€Harnett€said€it€was€not€yet€clear€howĻthey€would€play€in€particular€plans€for€ozone.€€The€AOI€would€be€a€broad€concept.€€For€other€pollutants,Ļthey€were€willing€to€consider€this.€€He€thought€Subpart€2€still€allowed€AOIs.€€He€did€not€know€whatĻlevel€of€detail€in€modeling€would€be€necessary€for€the€1„hour€standard;€there€would€be€a€lot€ofĻattainment€demonstrations€for€it.€€Mr.€Harnett€noted€that€ozone€was€on€a€different€schedule.€EPA€hadĻwaited€a€while,€but€it€was€time€to€look€forward.€€EPA€thought€the€planning€was€appropriate€now,€so€theyĻshould€move€forward.€€There€was€flexibility€for€other€constituents,€but€not€for€ozone.ĢĢBill€Luneberg€said€that€it€would€seem€to€be€in€the€best€interest€of€some€States€to€follow€the€regionalĻapproach,€then€just€hope€that€they€were€right.€€ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€there€was€always€uncertainty€about€whether€they€all€would€end€up€in€the€right€place.€ĻIf€an€area€strongly€believed€that€the€health€of€its€residents€was€threatened,€and€local€measures€were€notĻadequate,€assistance€would€be€made€available.€€The€area€ought€to€take€action.€State€regulators€wouldĻhave€an€obligation€to€protect€the€public.ĢĢņ ņGreg€Green€(Oregon€DEQ)ó ó€said€there€was€more€to€the€West€than€California.€€In€terms€of€re„Š ü ö Šdesignating€to€attainment,€there€was€the€potential€for€backsliding,€especially€in€transportation.€€He€wouldĻexpect€significant€backsliding.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€appreciated€Greg€Green's€concern.€ĢĢņ ņRichard€Phelps€(Eastman)ó ó€asked€Bill€Harnett€to€please€comment€on€the€fact€that€some€eastern€StatesŠ Z&T" Šwere€calling€for€the€Federal€government€to€take€targeted€action€under€Section€126.Ģā āŠ ((" $ ŠBill€Harnett€said€EPA€had€not€received€any€petition€yet.€€EPA€felt€that€the€target€levels€should€be€set€forĻa€State€rather€than€source€by€source.€€A€Stateššs€overall€emissions€should€be€addressed.€€EPA€wasĻheading€in€that€direction.€€Mr.€Harnett€said€that€EPA€would€deal€with€the€petition€if€it€came€in.Ģā āĢņ ņJeb€Stuartó ó€ņ ņ(Construction€Industry€Air€Quality€Coalition)ó ó€asked€what€the€scientific€review€wouldŠ –  Šinclude.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€would€look€at€health€effects,€but€speciated€data€would€not€be€available€in€timeĻfrom€existing€monitors.€€EPA€would€look€at€implementation€time€frames.€€The€standard€was€based€onĻpublic€health€with€an€adequate€margin€of€safety.€€The€review€would€include€health€science.ĢĢņ ņGlen€Cass€(California€Institute€of€Technology)ó ó€said€that€in€the€PD,€the€10,000€number€applied€toŠ ŲŅ  Šboth€PM€and€ozone.€€He€thought€that€a€one„size„fits„all€approach€could€distort€PM€technology€programsĻand€seriously€affect€particulate€issues.€€The€gaseous€precursors€represented€a€different€weight.€€ForĻammonium€nitrate€problems,€based€on€molecular€weight,€one€should€be€willing€to€spend€more€moneyĻper€ton.€€A€single€cost€of€control€should€be€re„thought.Ģ€ĢBill€Harnett€said€that€Glen€Cass€was€correct€and€EPA€would€consider€his€point.ĢĢņ ņBruce€Hill€(Appalachian€Mountain€Club)ó ó€asked€what€the€logic€was€behind€designating€after€theŠ žų ŠNAAQS€review.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€the€timetable€led€EPA€to€that€conclusion€because€of€when€the€monitors€would€beĻin€place.€€EPA€would€not€have€the€data€in€until€then,€which€extended€beyond€the€five€year€review.€ĻPeople€wanted€agreement€that€the€next€five€year€review€would€be€done€on€time€as€EPA€was€requiredĻby€law,€and€they€did€not€see€a€problem€with€making€that€commitment.ĢĢBruce€Hill€said€that€obviously€PM„fine€monitoring€data€were€lacking,€but€there€were€substantial€dataĻfrom€the€IMPROVE€network€showing€that€light€extinction€was€related€to€PM„fine.€€The€science€was€notĻunclear€with€respect€to€haze.€€There€could€be€integration€of€the€programs€for€regional€haze€to€get€thereĻsooner.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€Mr.€Hill's€approach€was€considered,€but€it€seemed€more€prudent€to€wait€for€local€data.€ĻEPA€did€not€see€how€one€could€follow€this€approach€without€making€some€mistakes€first.ĢĢBruce€Hill€said€he€would€challenge€EPA€that€it€would€not€make€mistakes€because€PM€was€less€proneĻto€hotspots.€€He€thought€EPA€could€go€forward€now€and€did€not€see€the€potential€downside.€€Ģā āŠ  )!% ŠBill€Harnett€said€that€without€data€and€speciation,€he€did€not€think€EPA€understood€the€problem€wellĻā āenough€to€meet€the€need€for€control€strategies.€ĢĢņ ņBob€Palzer€(Sierra€Club)ó ó€asked€Bill€Harnett€to€explain€what€would€happen€to€an€area€that€did€not€haveŠ ² ¬ Šan€approved€SIP€but€it€still€met€the€standard.€€He€wanted€to€know€what€position€that€area€would€be€inĻunder€the€new€guidelines.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€areas€that€attained€both€standards€must€meet€SIP€requirements€for€the€standards.€€AfterĻa€demonstration€of€the€new€SIP,€they€would€drop€the€old€requirements.€€The€requirements€did€notĻspecify€the€demonstration.ĢĢBob€Palzer€noted€that€in€the€preamble€there€was€a€paragraph€stating€that€modeling€demonstrationsĻwould€not€be€required.€€He€asked€whether€it€still€would€be€appropriate€if€modeling€had€been€done.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€yes.€€Modeling€was€not€required;€EPA€would€be€looking€at€air€quality€data€only€inĻdetermining€whether€to€revoke€a€designation.ĢĢBob€Palzer€said€it€seemed€like€backsliding€if€the€model€did€not€show€attainment.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€there€would€still€be€a€PM„10€standard€in€place,€but€it€would€be€the€99th€percentileĻstandard.ĢĢMike€Wright€asked€whether€Bill€Harnett€saw€the€development€of€control€strategies€as€a€StateĻresponsibility€or€Federal€activity.€€He€also€wanted€to€know€whether€EPA€saw€the€process€of€devisingĻcontrol€strategies€occurring€over€several€years€and€asked€how€stakeholders€would€be€involved.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€data€would€be€available€so€researchers€and€others€could€get€the€information€theyĻneeded,€including€speciated€data.€€EPA€was€not€going€to€wait€until€the€end.€€Transportation€and€EnergyĻDepartment€representatives€had€strong€views€about€speciation.€€Mr.€Harnett€thought€there€would€beĻmore€than€one€component€down€the€road.€€There€would€be€needs€for€local,€regional,€and€nationalĻcontrols.€€It€would€be€appropriate€to€deal€with€interstate€issues,€but€they€were€not€clear€yet.€€ĻStakeholders€would€have€access€to€the€data.€€Mr.€Harnett€thought€that€emissions€inventory€developmentĻand€other€issues€needed€to€be€worked€on€from€a€technical€point€of€view.ĢĢMike€Silverstein€asked€whether€PM„10€areas€that€were€now€attaining€the€old€standards€would€be€ableĻto€remove€parts€of€an€approved€SIP.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€they€would€have€to€do€the€demonstration.€€ĢŠ ä)Ž!& ŠMike€Silverstein€asked€whether€conformity€would€apply.ĢĢGay€MacGregor€said€if€one€was€in€a€maintenance€area,€one€would€still€have€to€comply.ĢĢMike€Silverstein€asked€whether€general€conformity€still€would€be€necessary.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€did€not€think€so.ĢĢRobert€Wyman€asked€whether€the€cost€per€ton€was€the€same€as€a€surrogate€for€cost€per€air€qualityĻbenefit.€€He€also€asked€whether€they€could€improve€the€benchmark,€as€Glen€Cass€had€suggested.ĢĢGlen€Cass€said€given€that€this€was€a€PD,€he€did€not€think€they€could€control€the€benchmark.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€EPA€did€have€control€of€the€benchmark€as€long€as€they€continued€to€cap€the€cost.€ĻIt€would€still€be€in€line€with€the€PD.ĢĢņ ņTed€Russell€(Georgia€Institute€of€Technology)ó ó€said€he€thought€they€could€talk€about€effective€tonsŠ F@ Šin€terms€of€ozone.ĢĢņ ņDavid€Baron€(Arizona€Center€for€Law€in€the€Public€Interest)ó ó€asked€whether€States€would€beŠ ųņ Šrequired€to€start€all€over€again€for€areas€that€currently€violated€both€the€old€and€new€standards.€ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€no,€they€would€be€required€to€continue€along€the€same€track.€€There€would€not€be€aĻnew€schedule.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€he€urged€EPA€to€not€allow€States€to€drop€the€ball€in€the€transition.€€EPA€should€notĻallow€backsliding€and€should€ensure€progress€at€the€same€rate.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€would€consider€those€comments.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€that€integration€was€a€reality,€not€a€concept.€€They€were€doing€a€lot€right€now€asĻthey€controlled€ozone,€sulfur€dioxide€(SOņņ2óó),€and€PM„10.€€One€would€also€affect€regional€haze.€€HavingŠ ®#Ø Ša€control€strategy€in€a€SIP€in€one€State€could€help€another€State.€€It€was€important€to€know€what€the€SIPsĻfrom€other€States€would€do.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€did€not€think€they€could€get€to€full€integration€until€the€final€steps.€€When€theyĻstarted€seeing€the€data,€full€integration€would€be€done.Ģā āŠ )!% Šņ ņRichard€Dworek€(U.S.€Steel)ó ó€said€he€understood€that€the€99th€percentile€would€take€precedence€overŠ  Šā āthe€maximum€and€wondered€whether€this€would€take€place€immediately.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€one€must€show€attainment€with€the€old€standard€first.ĢĢRichard€Dworek€said€he€thought€that€the€FACA€Subcommittee€was€pleased€that€monitoring€andĻspeciation€would€be€done.€€They€had€some€limited€meteorological€data.€€He€hoped€that€the€PM„2.5/PM„¼10€differences€could€be€considered.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€whether€EPA€could€indicate€how€the€monitors€would€be€placed.ĢĢņ ņBill€Hunt€(EPA)ó ó€said€that€target€would€be€to€have€the€ozone€index€by€the€spring€of€1998.€€With€respectŠ ŅĢ  Što€PM„2.5,€they€would€need€continuous€monitoring€at€some€sites€that€compared€favorably€with€theĻFederal€reference€method.€€EPA€needed€that€information€before€they€set€the€index.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€whether€the€data€would€be€available.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€yes.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€referred€to€the€comment€on€making€mistakes€about€PM„2.5€data.€€He€said€he€was€notĻaware€of€a€firm€basis€for€that€conclusion€with€the€early€implementation€of€measures;€he€was€not€awareĻthat€they€had€made€mistakes.€€Doing€nothing€was€a€mistake€in€terms€of€setting€up€SIPs.€€Mr.€HawkinsĻwas€concerned€that€Mr.€Harnett's€comments€indicated€that€EPA€would€not€try€to€reduce€precursors€untilĻit€had€three€years€of€data.€€EPA€should€consider€what€to€do€in€the€interim€in€terms€of€health€protection.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€felt€it€was€important€to€get€a€larger€monitoring€data€base€before€one€made€controlĻstrategy€decisions.€€It€would€not€require€three€years€of€data€in€hand.€€There€was€a€lot€of€work€that€couldĻbe€done€in€the€interim,€that€did€not€need€to€wait€on€the€monitoring€data.€€EPA€would€not€designate€untilĻit€had€three€years€of€data.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€he€thought€the€state„of„the„science€was€not€there€strongly€enough€to€justify€theĻchanges€for€PM„2.5.€€He€would€hesitate€putting€in€PM„2.5€strategies,€because€his€ozone€controls€mightĻbring€the€PM„2.5€in€line.ĢĢDavid€Baron€addressed€a€concern€raised€by€David€Hawkins.€€He€noted€that€the€schedule€that€BillĻHarnett€handed€out€said€the€States€had€up€to€ten€years€to€attain.€€The€statute€did€not€automatically€giveĻten€years.€€It€gave€five€years€with€maybe€another€five.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€David€Baron€was€correct.Š ź)ä!& Їņ ņSusan€Stark€(ARCO)ó ó€spoke€about€timing€asking€whether€it€was€coupled€with€data€collection,Š  Šspeciation,€and€science€review.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€within€the€time€frame,€EPA€would€not€go€forth€with€designations€until€theyĻcompleted€the€next€review.ĢĢBob€Palzer€asked€Bill€Harnett€what€EPA€would€do€with€the€standard€taking€effect€in€mid„year€1997€andĻhow€it€would€account€for€part€of€the€year.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€had€not€decided€on€the€years€it€would€use.€€It€would€not€split€the€year€if€it€choseĻ1997.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€thanked€Bill€Harnett€for€handling€all€of€the€questions€directed€to€him.€€He€said€that€theĻnext€item€would€be€future€of€the€FACA€Subcommittee.€€In€the€Coordination€Group,€they€had€reachedĻa€consensus€that€there€would€be€two€more€meetings.€€They€would€attempt€to€close€out€all€remainingĻissue€papers.€€They€would€discuss€OTAG€SIP€calls€and€the€revised€IIP€that€would€be€coming€out.€€TheĻDecember€meeting€would€close€out€the€FACA€process.€€If€EPA€came€to€the€Subcommittee€with€someĻspecific€questions,€then€they€would€reconvene.€€The€logic€for€continuing€was€that€they€had€a€lot€of€issueĻpapers€to€wrap€up.€€There€was€some€hesitancy€to€continue€beyond€December€because€of€the€tightĻtimeline€EPA€was€facing.€€Writers€of€the€issue€papers€would€be€given€guidance€from€the€CoordinationĻGroup€in€figuring€out€how€to€finish€things€up.€€Mr.€Krupnick€opened€the€topic€up€for€discussion.ĢĢBill€Luneberg€said€that€if€the€Subcommittee€continued€that€long,€he€would€like€to€keep€discussing€NSR.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€said€EPA€planned€to€meet€the€PD€schedule.€€Bringing€NSR€back€would€notĻnecessarily€be€beneficial.€€Input€after€that€time€might€not€be€helpful.ĢĢVincent€Brisini€asked€what€items€in€the€issue€papers€was€open€to€discussion€and€what€the€boundariesĻof€the€box€were.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€he€saw€two€boxes;€Box€A€was€the€CAA€and€Box€B€was€the€PD.€€To€the€extent€theĻpapers€were€outside€one€or€more€of€those€boxes,€ideas€should€not€be€eliminated.€€They€should€put€effortĻinto€some€things€outside€the€boxes.€€He€thought€the€papers€should€be€flagged€for€what€was€outside€theĻbox.€€Mr.€Krupnick€said€he€would€bring€them€up€next€week€in€the€Coordination€Group.ĢĢņ ņTim€OššBrien€(Ford€Motor€Company)€ó óasked€how€EPA€was€defining€the€size€and€dimensions€of€theŠ 8'2# Šboxes.Ģā āŠ )!% ŠAlan€Krupnick€said€the€Subcommittee€had€a€matrix€that€presented€this€information€in€one€light,€whichĻā āwas€the€CAA€box.ĢĢņ ņHarvey€Jeffries€(University€of€North€Carolina)ó ó€said€he€did€not€have€that€matrix.Š ² ¬ ŠĢAlan€Krupnick€said€the€matrix€was€the€August€1€document€and€asked€who€had€the€matrix.€€He€askedĻwhether€EPA€could€come€up€with€a€better€definition€of€Box€B.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€thought€the€PD€drew€certain€lines€about€ozone€and€timelines.€€The€regional€airĻmanagement€partnership€(RAMP)€planning€was€left€open.€€He€thought€that€cap„and„trade€was€addressed,Ļbut€it€allowed€other€areas€to€be€considered.€€He€asked€what€kind€of€input€would€come€from€this€groupĻand€what€the€priorities€were€for€things€that€would€come€from€it.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€there€would€be€a€time€when€the€Subcommittee€got€a€priority€list€fromĻEPA€so€that€those€issues€could€be€covered€as€well€as€possible.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€could€commit€to€providing€a€list€to€the€Subcommittee.€€The€Subcommittee's€inputĻwould€be€welcome€as€soon€as€possible.€€By€October,€EPA's€work€would€have€taken€on€a€specific€shape.€ĻŌ‡X];XXX];ŌFirstŌ#†X];XXX];G„#Ō€the€priorities€for€EPA€would€be€Ō‡X];XXX];ŌNSR€and€transportation€conformityŌ#†X];XXX];Ƅ#Ō.€€Second€would€be€PM„10Š  Šareas€and€what€should€be€required€in€attainment€and€demonstration,€and€third€the€1„hour€standardĻdemonstrations€and€how€EPA€should€proceed.ĢĢJohn€Crouch€asked€why€they€were€going€to€address€AOV€boundaries€if€EPA€needed€something€else€first.€ĻHe€wanted€to€know€why€the€Subcommittee€was€doing€papers€that€were€not€on€EPA's€hit€list€and€whetherĻthey€were€doing€the€papers€just€to€check€them€off.ĢĢGay€MacGregor€said€EPA€was€ready€to€come€forward€with€its€approach€in€terms€of€conformity€and€getĻthe€Subcommittee's€comments.€€The€PD€had€changed€some€of€EPA's€direction,€but€the€paper€they€wouldĻbe€looking€at€tomorrow€was€still€good.€€EPA€wanted€stakeholder€comments.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€one€set€of€issues€was€where€should€they€put€their€efforts€and€how€the€papers€shouldĻbe€scheduled.€€ĢĢMike€Wright€said€he€thought€there€needed€to€be€an€ongoing€committee,€with€perhaps€a€way€to€avoidĻcongressional€re„appointment.ĢĢVincent€Brisini€said€that€there€were€a€lot€of€implications.€€They€needed€to€make€sure€that€theĻSubcommittee€could€have€an€effect.€€He€wanted€to€leave€alone€the€areas€where€decisions€had€been€made.ĢŠ ä)Ž!& ŠBill€Harnett€said€that€EPA€was€in€the€lead€to€implement€the€directive.€€EPA€understood€and€could€speakĻfor€the€process.ĢĢĢÓ  Óņ ņ******LUNCH******Š –  ŠÓ  Óó óĢ€ĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€in€terms€of€the€four€issue€papers€scheduled€for€the€next€day,€they€were€stillĻrelevant€and€timely.€€EPA€folks€would€make€comments€before€each€presentation€about€their€concernsĻwith€the€paper.€€This€information€would€be€communicated€to€each€presenter€in€advance;€there€wouldĻbe€no€surprises.€€The€matrix€was€already€in€flux€based€on€yesterdayššs€talks.€€There€would€be€moreĻguidance€from€EPA€on€these€issues.€€Most€of€the€issues€were€still€pretty€open.€€Bill€Harnett€would€beĻgiving€guidance€to€chair€people€that€included€more€specificity€for€the€papers.€€Mr.€Krupnick€said€thatĻthe€Subcommittee€should€take€the€initiative€and€give€feedback€to€EPA,€assuming€that€their€ideas€wouldĻbe€heard€by€the€EPA.€€He€asked€for€other€comments€on€the€future€of€the€FACA€Subcommittee.ĢĢBruce€Hill€said€he€had€heard€that€a€science€stakeholder€group€should€probably€continue.€€ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€there€would€be€a€lot€of€details€left€unresolved€after€September.€€There€was€a€lot€ofĻuncharted€water€ahead.€€It€would€be€wise€to€preserve€the€ability€of€a€Subcommittee€to€review€andĻprovide€feedback€to€EPA.€€Mr.€Hawkins€said€they€would€be€learning€a€lot€about€what€these€strategiesĻmeant€in€the€future.ĢĢņ ņPat€Raher€(Hogan€and€Hartson)ó ó€said€that€EPA€was€clarifying€where€it€was€during€these€sessions.€Š ‚| ŠThis€was€a€good€thing€because€the€different€interests€in€EPA€must€come€together€to€address€where€theyĻwere.€€The€Subcommittee€forced€EPA€to€do€that.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€there€was€consensus€that€they€should€finish€issue€papers,€continue€throughĻDecember,€listen€to€EPA,€and€answer€specific€questions€that€EPA€raised.ĢĢConsensus€was€reached€on€Mr.€Krupnick's€statement.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€then€announced€that€the€next€order€of€business€was€the€Coordination€Group,€whichĻwould€provide€an€update€on€the€IIP€and€a€legal€caucus€report.ĢĢPat€Raher€said€that€EPA€was€overhauling€the€NSR€issue,€so€the€Coordination€Group€was€withholdingĻthe€Subcommittee's€comments.€€For€AOI/AOV,€they€should€have€a€paper€out€before€the€OctoberĻmeeting.ĢŠ ä)Ž!& ŠDennis€Lawler€asked€whether€there€was€going€to€be€an€IIP€and€a€paper€about€it.ĢĢPat€Raher€said€yes,€there€would€be€a€document.€€It€would€come€out€some€time€in€the€fall€of€1997.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€it€would€be€presented€this€fall€to€the€Subcommittee.ĢĢņ ņRevised€NAAQS€for€PM€in€Part€50€„„€Bill€HuntŠ ^ X Šó óĢBill€Hunt€said€Neil€Frank€of€EPA€was€there€and€would€help€answer€questions€about€PM„2.5.€€He€thenĻpresented€a€set€of€slides€highlighted€below.ĢĢņņOverview€of€New€PM€Monitoring€ProgramŠ ŅĢ  Šóóą0 4 ąThe€current€samplers€could€continue€to€be€used.ж° 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąPM„2.5€would€be€required€in€2€to€3€years.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąDaily€sampling€would€be€required.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü,„Xø ä —X°œX'Óą0 4 ąNew€reference€method€was€in€place€(one€manual€method€and€one€that€sampled€sequentially)Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü,„Xø ä —XKÓPopulation„oriented€hotspots€would€be€targeted.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņNew€PM„2.5€StandardsŠ  ŠóóĢą0 4 ąThere€were€both€annual€and€24„hour€standards.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąNew€PM€standardŠ 4T$4T$ ŠÓ Ü,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąAnnual€standard€„€15Ō€X„Œ XXX];Ō€FŌ‡X];X XX„ŒŌg/mņņ3ó󊞘Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąUsing€one€or€more€community„oriented€monitorsŠ 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąSpatial€averaging€would€be€allowedŠ Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ą2„hour€standard€„€65€Ō#†X„Œ XXX];ó—#ŌFŌ‡X];X XX„ŒŌg/mņņ3óóŠJDŒ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąConcentration€based,€98th€percentile.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü,§XBÓĢņņChanges€to€PM„10€MonitoringŠ ö š Šóóą0 4 ąContinue€to€use€current€monitoring€methodology.ŠŚ!Ō4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€would€scale€down€the€program€and€keep€the€high€concentration€sites.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€would€drop€down€to€about€1,000€monitors.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąEPA€would€grant€waivers€to€allow€one€sample€every€six€days.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€monitors€might€operate€only€during€certain€seasons.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņNew€Federal€Reference€Method€(FRM)Š 2',# Šóóą0 4 ąReadily€available€under€a€wide€range€of€conditions.Š( $4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąFurther€speciation€must€be€possible.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąShould€have€a€sharp€cut€point.ŠŽ)Ų!&4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOffered€higher€measurement€precision.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņOther€Fine€Particle€MonitorsŠ Ī Č Šóóą0 4 ąEquivalent€PM„2.5€samplersв ¬4T$4T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąSequential€samplers,€other€mass€samplers,€and€continuous€analyzers.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąNon„FRM€PM„2.5.€samplersŠ 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąContinuous€for€daily€reporting€requirementsŠ Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEncourage€the€use€ofŌ#†X„Œ XXX];=™#ŌŌ‡X];X XX„ŒŌ€IMPROVE€(Interagency€Monitoring€of€Protocol€VisualŠ B< ŠEnvironments)Ō#†X„Œ XXX];²Ÿ#ŌŌ‡X];X XX„ŒŌ€samplers.Ō#†X„Œ XXX];I #ŌŌ‡X];X XX„ŒŌŠ& Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢņņPhase„In€of€New€State€PM€NetworksŠ īč  Šóóą0 4 ąTwo„year€phase„in€of€new€PM„2.5€and€downsized€PM„10€monitors.ŠŅĢ 4T$4T$ ŠÓ Ü,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąInitial€focus€on€high€population,€potential€PM€problem€areas,€and€serious,€severe,€and€extremeĻO3€(ozone)€areasņ ņ€ó óPAMS€(photochemical€assessment€monitoring€stations).Šš” 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü,§XBÓAll€required€PM„2.5€sites€on„line€in€1999.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņTypes€of€PM„2.5€SitesŠ LF ŠóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąState/Local€Air€Monitoring€Stations€(SLAMS)€sites€were€community€oriented,€co„located€at€ą0@6$4T$4T$ąŠ 0* ŠPAMS€sites,€regional€background€and€regional€transport€sites;€there€was€a€subset€of€coreĻmonitors€for€trends€National€Air€Monitoring€Stations€(NAMS)€sites€and€hotspots€(SLAMSĻsites).Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ' Ü,§XÜ„ƒXø ä ‰X'Óą0 4 ąNAMS€sites€would€look€at€trends€and€the€effectiveness€of€control€strategies.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ+Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ,§Xż¤+Óą0 4 ąHotspot€sites€would€reflect€maximum€hotspot€concerns€and€only€had€to€comply€with€the€ą0@ę"Œ T$Œ T$ą24„hourĻą0Œ 4T$4T$ąstandard.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓņņRequired€PM„2.5€SLAMS€MonitoringŠ PJ Šóóą0 4 ąMinimum€number€of€new€core€SLAMS€requirements€given.Š4.4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąRegional€background€core€PM„2.5€SLAMS.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņWhat€Type€of€Sites€Would€EPA€Target€First?Š ą!Ś ŠóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąThey€would€have€30€to€50€instruments€in€early€1998€and€would€provide€them€free€to€States€ą0@$4T$4T$ąŠ Ä"¾ Šthrough€EPA€regional€offices.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOthers€should€be€available€by€May€and€they€wanted€to€be€able€to€place€them.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąChemical€speciation€would€start€at€50€to€100€sites€but€probably€would€be€expanded€toĻup€to€300€sites.€€EPA€wanted€to€encourage€speciation.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąEPA€was€looking€at€ways€to€make€this€happen.€€It€was€asking€that€the€filters€be€archived€for€one€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąyear.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąQuality€assurance€would€be€required€for€SLAMS€and€Special€Purpose€Monitors€(SPMs).€€EPA€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąwould€require€four€field€audits€each€year.Šä)Ž!&Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąOther€SLAMS€monitoring€activity€would€be€quality€assured€as€necessary.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢņņSpecial€Purpose€MonitorsŠ Ī Č ŠóóÓ' Ü,§XÜ„ƒXø ä ‰X'Óą0 4 ąEPA€believed€they€were€needed€for€several€reasons:в ¬4T$4T$ ŠÓ ĀÓÓ j’ÓÓ ž,§XÜ,§XÓą0 4 ąTwo„year€moratorium€on€data€comparisons€with€NAAQS.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOpportunity€for€support€from€the€private€sector.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ j’ÓÓ ĀÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ž,§XBÓĢņņComparisons€to€the€NAAQSŠ B< Šóóą0 4 ąWith€PM„10,€it€was€the€maximum€concentration€location.Š& 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąFor€PM„2.5,€the€24„hour€standard€would€be€population„oriented€and€a€maximum€concentration€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąlocation.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€annual€standard€would€use€spatial€averaging.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢBill€Hunt€said€that€Neil€Frank€had€written€the€next€part€of€the€presentation.ĢĢņ ņNeil€Frank€(EPA)ó ó€said€there€was€a€different€monitoring€location€for€the€monitors€used€in€spatialŠ b\  Šaveraging.€€An€area€at€least€šš€km€in€diameter€must€be€represented.€€It€allowed€a€State€to€use€individualĻmonitors€or€employ€the€averaging€of€one€or€more€monitors.€€EPA€intended€to€identify€the€spatialĻdistinctions€between€these€areas.€€It€was€not€intended€to€average€away€a€problem.ĢĢFor€those€States€that€chose€the€spatial€averaging€approach€within€a€community€monitoring€zone€(CMZ):ĢĢÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü 4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓThe€annual€averages€must€be€within€+/„€20€percent€of€one€another.ĢThey€must€have€had€the€same€sources.ĢThey€must€be€reasonably€correlated.ĢÓ ,ÓÓE.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü4‹XEÓĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€whether€this€was€a€circular€calculation.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€no,€one€could€be€12€and€another€18€with€an€average€of€15.€€A€State€might€choose€toĻlook€at€individual€monitors€or€averages.€€Three€different€types€of€monitors€could€exist€in€a€community.€ĻThis€system€could€become€as€complicated€as€a€State€chose€to€make€it.€€It€provided€an€incentive€for€moreĻmonitoring.€€If€they€looked€at€an€east„west€profile€(showing€a€map€with€potential€monitors€forĻaveraging),€Mr.€Frank€noted€that€certain€monitors€would€not€be€within€the€zone.€€They€would€have€toĻbe€considered€to€be€in€a€separate€CMZ.€€At€this€point€he€opened€the€subject€for€discussion.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€the€Subcommittee€to€discuss€the€methods€for€speciation€and€what€they€couldĻmeasure.Ģā āŠ )ś % ŠNeil€Frank€said€EPA€would€be€offering€guidance.€€They€were€considering€the€IMPROVE€site€methods.€Ļā āThey€were€looking€for€selected€elements,€cations,€and€anions.ĢĢņ ņDan€Johnsonó ó€ņ ņ(State€of€Washington)ó ó€said€he€heard€there€were€resources.€€It€sounded€like€a€50€percentŠ ² ¬ Šincrease€in€monitors.€€They€were€clear€that€EPA€might€not€be€helping€States€operate€the€network.€€Mr.ĻJohnson€wanted€to€know€whether€States€were€going€to€have€the€resources€to€make€the€monitoring€planĻwork€correctly.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€they€were€hopeful€that€EPA€would€be€able€to€pay€for€help€to€the€States€in€the€first€fewĻyears.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€believed€the€House€was€at€$25€million€and€the€Senate€at€$10€million€in€terms€ofĻallocation.€€The€issue€came€up€when€they€went€beyond€the€first€two€years.€€They€did€not€know€how€thisĻwould€play€out.€€Their€budgets€would€go€in€asking€for€additional€money.€€They€could€buy€the€monitors,Ļbut€they€only€had€a€fixed€size€to€work€from.€€Others€would€have€to€play€in.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€who€had€control€of€the€funding€of€the€monitors€in€EPA,€whether€it€was€Office€of€ĻResearch€and€Development€(ORD)€or€Office€of€Air€and€Radiation€(OAR).ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€that€money€would€come€through€as€Section€105€or€103€money.€€He€could€not€go€beyondĻthat€to€any€great€degree.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€it€would€be€through€EPA's€air€office.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€that€the€regions€and€the€air€office€would€have€a€more€active€role€in€quality€assurance.ĢĢBruce€Hill€asked€whether€they€had€any€criteria€for€speciation.€ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€it€was€a€non„mandatory€recommendation€by€EPA.€€They€would€offer€guidance.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€asked€what€fraction€of€the€money€would€be€allocated€for€analysis€and€interpretation€ofĻthe€data.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€that€they€had€allocated€money€for€analysis€and€for€special€studies.€€It€would€probably€beĻ5€to€10€percent.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€there€would€be€a€major€dump€into€the€research€side.€National€Institute€ofĻEnvironmental€Health€Sciences€(NIEHS)€would€lead€that€effort.€€There€did€seem€to€be€a€strongĻcommitment€from€Congress.€€He€expected€this€to€be€in€the€1998€budget.Š ä)Ž!& ЇSarah€Peirce„Sandner€asked€whether€the€monitors€that€were€averaged€could€change€from€year€to€year.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€yes,€under€extreme€cases.€€The€data€interpretation€would€suggest€that€they€were€actuallyĻdifferent€zones.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€asked€whether€it€was€possible€that€EPA€would€not€have€enough€monitors€toĻrepresent€air€quality.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€that€States€had€the€flexibility€to€add€more€monitors.€€They€estimated€that€another€650Ļmonitors€might€be€added€to€the€list.ĢĢņ ņChris€Shaver€(Environmental€Defense€Fund)ó ó€asked€whether€the€data€from€SPMs€could€be€used.Š ŅĢ  ŠĢNeil€Frank€said€he€would€say€it€could€be€used.ĢĢChris€Shaver€said€there€was€an€IMPROVE€monitor€site€in€Washington,€DC.€€It€could€be€used€to€lookĻat€and€validate€models€today.€€It€might€be€used€to€show€the€index.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€it€was€located€at€Haines€Point€next€to€the€golf€course.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€the€plan€indicated€that€PM„10€monitoring€would€be€cut€back.€€He€asked€whether€EPAĻretained€the€flexibility€to€address€PM„10€in€certain€areas.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€that€only€monitors€where€the€PM„10€was€less€than€60€percent€of€the€standard€would€beĻremoved.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€there€were€areas€where€it€might€be€necessary€to€raise€the€number€of€PM„10€monitors.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€he€was€talking€about€a€national€number.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€the€States€would€talk€about€the€monitoring€plan,€and€it€would€be€done€through€aĻpartnership€with€the€States.ĢĢDavid€Baron€asked€a€question€about€spacing,€wanting€to€know€whether€a€CMZ€could€be€as€big€as€aĻcounty€and€whether€in€the€West,€they€could€be€80€miles€apart.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€they€had€to€correlate€data€as€well.€€They€had€to€collect€the€data€first€before€they€couldĻmake€intelligent€decisions€about€spatial€averaging€zones.ĢŠ ä)Ž!& ŠDavid€Baron€said€there€was€potential€for€mischief.ĢĢMike€Wright€said€the€higher€the€hotspot,€the€more€likely€it€would€affect€the€average.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€a€hotspot€would€fall€into€the€24„hour€statistic.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€that€a€local€impact€area€representing€a€large€domain€was€one€example.€€That€would€beĻeligible€for€comparison€to€the€annual€standard.€€He€said€he€also€showed€that€a€monitor€outside€of€the€+/„Ļ20€percent€zone€would€constitute€its€own€area.ĢĢMike€Wright€said€there€were€some€environmental€equity€issues€here.€€They€were€saying€that€the€annualĻstandard€would€not€apply€to€certain€areas.€€There€could€be€unique€hotspots,€but€those€situations€wereĻexpected€to€be€very€rare.€€Ō#†X„Œ XXX];• #ŌŠ ¶°  ŠĢŻ‚’’’ŻŌ€¼·ž ¼ XX„ŒŌŌ€¼ ¼ ¼¼·žŌŻ  ŻŻ‚’’’–ČŻŻ  ŻŌ€XÖ X ¼¼ŌŌ€X];X XXÖŌNeil€Frank€said€the€considerations€were€based€on€risk€and€there€could€be€isolated€unique€hot€spotŠ ~x  Šsituations€that€were€not€represented.€€He€expected€there€would€be€few€situations€and€they€would€beĻunique.Żƒ’’–ČļČ݌̌Ō€X];XXX];ŌŌ€X„Œ XXX];ŌŻ  ŻŌ€ōČ; ō XX„ŒŌŌ€ō}!ō ōōČ;ŌĢŌ€X];Xōō}!ŌŌ€X];XXX];ŌBill€Harnett€said€the€health„based€standards€were€related€to€community„oriented€situations.€€The€studiesŠ źä ŠEPA€had€looked€at€had€two€types€of€monitors,€and€they€had€to€set€city„wide€averages.€€There€could€beĻsingle€source€problems€that€usually€would€be€24„hour€problems.€€For€now,€in€setting€the€standards,€theyĻdid€not€have€the€health€studies€that€said€individuals€were€affected.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€he€did€not€understand.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€the€health€data€did€not€answer€these€questions€since€they€only€had€city„wideĻnumbers.€€ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€he€thought€Bill€Harnett€meant€to€say€that€the€source€would€affect€the€annualĻaverage.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€invited€David€Hawkins€to€come€to€the€evening€session€if€he€wanted€more€questionsĻanswered.ĢĢRichard€Phelps€asked€about€continuous€ambient€monitoring€and€what€incentives€would€be€provided€toĻthe€private€sector€to€place€SPMs€or€to€do€speciation.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€the€FRM€monitors€would€collect€good€estimates€of€speciation.€€These€data€would€beĻuseful€for€corroborating€emissions€inventories.€€As€to€the€first€question€about€continuous€ambientĻmonitoring,€they€must€start€to€look€at€how€it€correlated€with€FRM€monitors.Š ž*˜"' ЇShawn€Kendall€asked€how€much€would€it€cost€compared€to€the€IMPROVE€monitors,€and€how€long€itĻwould€be€before€delivery€of€the€monitors.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€he€had€a€contractual€effort€going,€but€he€had€to€watch€his€answer.€€ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€that€a€single€channel€cost€$5,000€to€$6,000.€€A€few€thousand€dollars€more€would€beĻneeded€for€the€sequential€units.€€The€cost€of€the€four„channel€IMPROVE€monitor€was€around€$16,000.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€about€three€side„by„side€monitors.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€EPA€expected€the€vendors€would€step€forward€with€economical€€solutions.€€ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€how€they€measured€up€with€respect€to€equivalence€to€IMPROVE.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€they€had€done€some€side„by„side€testing€in€Denver.€€The€IMPROVE€monitor€read€aboutĻ10€percent€higher.€ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€how€the€comparison€was€made.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€it€was€done€only€on€a€mass€basis.€€The€IMPROVE€monitor€did€not€have€as€sharp€a€cutĻpoint€as€the€other€monitor.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€what€the€side„by„side€tests€had€shown.ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€the€FRM€field€tested€at€3€percent€with€a€minimum€detection€level€of€2€micrograms€perĻcubic€meter.€€It€could€be€reduced€further.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€what€the€threshold€was€for€the€IMPROVE€monitors.€€ĢĢNeil€Frank€said€that€the€University€of€California„Davis€laboratory€handled€all€the€samples€and€mightĻbe€good€at€determining€thresholds.ĢĢņ ņGary€Allenó ó€ņ ņ(Metropolitan€Washington€Air€Quality€Commission)ó ó€asked€how€monitoring€wouldŠ †$€  Šoverlap€State€boundaries€and€what€EPA€would€do€with€regard€to€that€issue.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€thought€EPA€was€waiting€to€see€what€some€of€the€data€showed.ĢĢGary€Allen€said€he€was€concerned€that€this€could€become€a€new€unfunded€mandate.ĢŠ ä)Ž!& ŠBill€Harnett€said€he€heard€Gary€Allen's€concerns.ĢĢņ ņJohn€Dunlap€(California€Air€Resources€Board)ó ó€said€he€would€like€to€have€a€place€holder.€€WhenŠ Ī Č Šthey€tried€to€establish€equivalency€in€the€West,€terrain€and€population€needed€to€be€considered.€€He€alsoĻwould€like€to€see€EPA€show€a€stronger€commitment€to€getting€the€dollars.€€The€States€needed€someĻFederal€help.€€Perhaps€they€could€get€the€EPA€Administrator€to€go€to€Congress€and€ask€for€help.€€ThatĻwould€be€essential.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€invited€everyone€to€come€to€the€evening€session€if€they€still€had€questions€or€to€findĻBill€Hunt€and€Neil€Frank€during€the€break.ĢĢĢÓ  Óņ ņ******BREAK******ó óŠ ¼¶  ŠÓ  ÓĢņ ņRegional€Haze€Program€„„€Bruce€Polkowsky€(EPA)Š „~  Šó óĢBruce€Polkowsky€introduced€Rich€Damberg€of€EPA€who€helped€write€the€material€on€regional€haze.€ĻMr.€Polkowsky€said€he€would€introduce€the€process€and€also€show€some€differences€in€the€parks.ĢĢņņOverviewŠ ųņ Šóóą0 4 ąRegional€haze€impairment€was€well€documented€nationally.ŠÜÖ4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€regional€haze€rule€set€the€framework€for€Class€I€areas.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąGCVTC€ń ń(Grand€Canyon€Visibility€Transport€Commission)€ń ńreports,€the€National€Academy€ofĻScience€study,€and€FACA€Subcommittee€ą0D4T$4T$ąą0œDT$DT$ądeliberations€were€considered.Šˆ‚œT$œT$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢņņBackgroundŠ PJ Šą0 4 ąóóThere€were€numerous€sources€of€fine€particle€pollution.Š4.4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€were€looking€at€a€national€program.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąAll€of€the€areas€in€the€map€showed€Class€I€areas€that€must€meet€a€requirement€of€no€manmade€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ącontribution.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢņņRegional€Haze€Program€ElementsŠ Ø#¢ Šóóą0 4 ąWho€did€it€apply€to?ŠŒ$† 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąImplementation€plan€revisions€must€be€addressed.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąBest€available€retrofit€technology€Ō‡X];XXX];Ō(BART)Ō#†X];XXX];Ąß#Ō€must€be€considered€if€a€facility€was€built€during€ą0@Ö#4T$4T$ąŠ T&N" Šcertain€years.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓIt€should€include€any€source€that€caused€visibility€impairment.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņRegional€Haze€Program€TimelineŠ ä)Ž!& Šóóą0 4 ąThe€first€yearššs€actions€would€list€actions€the€States€would€take.Š4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąThe€key€to€the€rule€was€that€one€showed€a€haze€monitor€or€an€equivalent€monitor€nearby.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€SIPs€were€due€for€haze€emission€reduction€strategies€in€February€2003€(July€2005€ą0@¤"Œ T$Œ T$ąfor€PM„¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ą2.5€nonattainment€areas).Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓOne€had€to€make€sure€that€one€was€staying€on€target€and€meeting€the€targets.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąWould€the€States€need€complex€programs?€It€depended€on€the€State,€but€all€States€would€be€ą0@$4T$4T$ą¼involved.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢņņReasonable€Progress€TargetsŠ &  Šóóą0 4 ąThere€were€some€common€metrics:Š  4T$4T$ ŠÓ ĀÓÓ?+Ü 4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ j’Óą0 Ź ąą0ö ŹT$ŹT$ąAll€of€these€were€based€on€light€extinction€but€they€chose€deciview€because€it€showed€a€¼ą0N ö T$ö T$ąlinear€relationship.Š N T$N T$ Šą0 Ź ąą0ö ŹT$ŹT$ąOne€deciview€improvement€was€usually€considered€perceptible;€they€took€comment€on€¼ą0N ö T$ö T$ąthe€one.Š N T$N T$ ŠÓ! ž,§XÜ4‹X!Óą0 4 ąŌ‡X];XXX];ŌThere€were€some€common€metrics:Ō#†X];XXX];pē#ŌŠ~x 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąIt€maintained€the€best€visibility€days€and€sought€to€improve€the€worst€days.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€allowed€for€alternative€progress€targets€with€public€debate.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOne€must€set€up€a€baseline€for€somewhere€between€the€three€year€minimum€and€the€nine€year€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąmaximum.€€Otherwise€one€showed€trends€instead€of€the€baseline.€€This€was€a€runningĻblock€average.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ j’ÓÓ ĀÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ž,§XBÓĢņņExample€Comparison€of€MetricsŠ ŗ“ ŠóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąCompared€the€change€in€the€visible€perceptible€range€in€Shenandoah€and€the€Grand€Canyon.Šž˜4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąDeciview€in€terms€of€PM€concentration:€€the€deciview€was€the€effect€that€changed€and€ą0@J"Œ T$Œ T$ądemandedĻą0Œ 4T$4T$ącontrol€strategies.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąA€graph€was€displayed€showing€visibility€versus€the€number€of€days€in€certain€ranges.€€ą0@€"Œ T$Œ T$ąThree€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ącurves€showed€current,€future,€and€background€levels.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢņņImplementation€Plan€RevisionsŠ ö š ŠóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąEPA€would€look€at€sources€with€BART€in€a€regional€way€to€determine€what€the€delta€ą0@>"Œ T$Œ T$ąwould€be€Š Ś!Ō Šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąand€where€existing€major€sources€were€that€met€certain€conditions.€€This€would€be€usedĻfor€a€long„term€strategy.€€The€schedule€would€allow€them€to€include€BART€andĻplanning€for€BART.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓĢņņVisibility€MonitoringŠ N&H" Šóóą0 4 ąIMPROVE€at€more€than€60€Class€I€sites.Š2',#4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąVery€successful€efforts€for€EPA.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€program€required€one€to€contact€regional€land€managers.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThe€PM„2.5€network€could€use€IMPROVE€sites.ŠŽ)Ų!&4T$4T$ ЇņņLong„term€StrategyŠ  Šóóą0 4 ąCurrently€evaluation€was€required€every€three€years.Šźä4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOne€needed€to€talk€to€neighboring€States€and€Tribes.Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąThis€resulted€from€the€work€of€the€ń ńGrand€Canyon€Visibility€Transport€Comission€(ń ńGCVTCńń)ńń.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€were€counting€on€the€same€system€using€a€regional€planning€process.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€would€check€the€emission€reductions€at€the€three„year€review.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€would€determine€whether€more€measurements€were€needed.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąOne€could€consider€costs€as€well.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņTechnical€ActivitiesŠ    Šóóą0 4 ąDetermining€current€conditions€needed€to€be€done€now.Šīč 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€had€default€levels.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąAnything€that€was€not€source„specific€would€require€tracking.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThis€work€would€require€trends€analysis.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢMr.€Polkowsky€showed€some€pictures€of€a€deciview€in€the€West€and€the€East€(Grand€Canyon€andĻShenandoah).€€He€also€showed€Denver€since€it€was€an€issue€of€transport€as€well.€€ĢĢņ ņJean€Vernet€(Department€of€Energy)ó ó€asked€why€EPA€took€comments€if€one€deciview€was€theŠ  Šproposed€limit.€€She€also€wanted€to€know€why€regional€sources€could€trade€out€of€BART€changes.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€one€had€a€target€of€no€degradation€on€clean€days.€€ĢĢJean€Vernet€asked€why€one€would€not€use€up€to€one€deciview€on€the€clean€days.ĢĢŻ‚’’’ŻŌ€¼œ¼XX];ŌŌ€¼ ¼¼¼œŌŻ  ŻŻ‚’’’ ÷ŻŻ  ŻŌ€XÖ X ¼¼ŌŌ€X];X XXÖŌBill€Harnett€said€unless€there€was€a€one€deciview€change,€one€could€not€perceive€a€change.Żƒ’’ ÷e÷݌Š PJ ЌŌ€X];XXX];ŌŌ€X];XXX];ŌŻ  ŻŌ€ō}!ōXX];ŌŌ€ō}!ōōō}!ŌĢŌ€X];Xōō}!ŌBruce€PolkowskyŌ€ Xr\XXX];Ō€Ō€X];XX Xr\Ōsaid€they€were€aiming€for€less€than€0.1€change.€€GCVTC€felt€that€cap„and„trade€wasŠ ōī Šokay,€so€they€felt€it€was€okay.ĢĢRobert€Wyman€asked€to€what€extent€States€could€use€trading.€€If€one€changed€that€policy,€it€wouldĻchange€his€group's€comments.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€this€was€his€chance€to€comment€on€that.ĢĢŻ‚’’’ŻŌ€¼œ¼XX];ŌŌ€¼ ¼¼¼œŌŻ  ŻŻ‚’’’…śŻŻ  ŻŌ€XÖ X ¼¼ŌŌ€X];X XXÖŌRobert€Wyman€said€he€found€it€odd€that€EPA€used€BART€because€it€eliminated€the€significanceŠ  '# Šfindings.€€If€one€made€a€BART€finding€as€part€of€the€reasonable€attribution€program,€the€significanceĻfinding,€it€could€be€lumped€in€with€other€benefits.€€To€get€to€the€target,€one€picked€whatever€means€oneĻthought€would€be€most€effective.Żƒ’’…śŽś݌Š Ģ)Ę!& ЌŌ€X];XXX];ŌŌ€X];XXX];ŌŻ  ŻŌ€ō}!ōXX];ŌŌ€ō}!ōōō}!ŌĢŌ€X];Xōō}!ŌBruce€PolkowskyŌ€ Xr\XXX];Ō€Ō€ X];XX Xr\Ōsaid€EPA€asked€for€comment€directly€on€that€issue.€€One€would€have€to€develop€a€listŠ ĘĄ Šof€sources€and€their€effect€on€the€region.ĢĢRobert€Wyman€said€he€thought€they€would€look€at€broader€source€categories.€€As€he€noted€earlier,€itĻeliminated€the€significance€finding.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€if€they€did€not€have€a€lot€of€sources,€it€would€not€be€effective.ĢĢRobert€Wyman€asked€how€much€they€could€take€cost€into€account.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€he€did€not€have€an€answer€today€in€terms€of€amounts.€€They€would€vary€fromĻone€part€of€the€country€to€another,€for€example,€Title€IV€in€the€East.€€He€did€not€think€cost€should€be€inĻthere.ĢĢGlen€Cass€said€the€CAA€called€for€no€impairment€from€man„made€sources.€€It€seemed€that€EPA€wasĻcounting€the€smallest€perceptible€changes.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€EPA€was€taking€comment€on€the€rate.ĢĢŻ‚’’’ŻŌ€ ¼œ¼X X];ŌŌ€¼ ¼¼ ¼œŌŻ  ŻŻ‚’’’ ŻŻ  ŻŌ€XÖ X ¼¼ŌŌ€!X];X XXÖŌBruce€Hill€said€one€picked€the€20€percent€best€days€as€the€criterion.€€He€did€not€consider€that€sufficientŠ ¾ø Šor€equal€in€his€mind€to€visual€impairment€from€anthropogenic€sources.Żƒ’’ e݌̌Ō€!X];XX!X];ŌŌ€ X];XX!X];ŌŻ  ŻŌ€ ō}!ōX X];ŌŌ€ō}!ōō ō}!ŌĢŌ€X];Xōō}!ŌŌ€ Xr\XXX];ŌŌ‡&X];XX Xr\ŌBruce€Polkowsky€said€they€had€been€looking€at€some€trends.€€Even€if€the€target€was€the€dirty€days,€itŠ F@ Šwould€improve€the€clean€days.€€They€found€this€to€be€true€in€all€of€the€parks.€€He€asked€what€theĻappropriate€way€was€to€structure€it€in€the€rule.€€ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€his€guess€was€that€the€trend€was€from€Mt.€Pinatubo.ĢĢņ ņGeorge€Bluhm€(Department€of€Agriculture)ó ó€asked€how€EPA€would€take€out€wildfires€and€prescribedŠ ž!˜ Šburning€when€trying€to€do€this€at€the€State€level.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€that€one€thing€EPA€had€to€do€was€determine€the€background€and€naturalĻconditions.€€Wildfire€was€one€such€event.€€Prescribed€fire€was€an€issue.€€If€it€was€done€on€a€regionalĻbasis,€the€dotted€line€(natural)€should€account€for€wildfires.ĢĢGeorge€Bluhm€it€was€approximated€by€(Neil€Sampson?)€of€American€Foresters€that€they€had€cut€backĻ130€times.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€Congress€told€them€they€only€had€to€deal€with€the€man„made€issues.Š Œ*†"' ЇShawn€Kendall€said€that€with€respect€to€the€proposal,€the€small€increments€at€the€bottom€were€theĻtoughest€to€reach.€He€asked€whether€EPA€could€change€the€increments€down€there.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€he€did€not€see€a€problem€as€long€as€the€change€was€perceptible€over€time.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€asked€what€they€should€do€about€Mexico.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€noted€that€the€mass€value€of€fines€might€be€different€in€the€East€than€in€California.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€sulfates€inhibited€visibility€more.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€asked€whether€EPA€anticipated€needing€more€monitors€than€would€be€in€the€PM„¼2.5€network.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€the€States€might€consider€monitors€in€Class€I€areas€when€setting€backgroundĻmonitors.ĢĢGary€Allen€asked€how€EPA€saw€the€role€of€the€many€different€affected€organizations€and€how€it€wouldĻensure€cooperation.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€it€had€worked€in€the€West.€€He€thought€they€would€see€some€guidance€this€fallĻabout€the€NAAQS.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€he€thought€integration€would€go€forward€when€bringing€the€States€together.€€It€couldĻstill€need€smaller€subsets.€€What€they€were€trying€to€avoid€was€too€many€meetings.ĢĢņ ņJames€Souby€(Western€Governors'€Association)ó ó€said€they€would€say€no€less€than€East€and€West.€Š .( ŠThe€deciview€was€an€end€result€except€that€it€was€very€difficult€to€see€what€led€to€the€change.€€He€sawĻthe€deciview€useful€as€a€tool,€but€the€GCVTC€work€was€related€to€emissions.€€Mr.€Souby€also€wantedĻto€add€to€the€market€trading€and€BART€issue.€€He€said€the€BART€question€could€confuse€the€issue.€€HeĻwas€interested€in€the€ruleššs€retrospective€approach€and€wanted€to€know€how€they€applied€alternativeĻstatus€immediately.€€He€wanted€to€know€how€the€western€region's€program€stepped€into€this.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€they€should€ensure€reasonable€further€progress.€€That€was€the€reason€based€onĻthe€congressional€mandate.€€EPA€wanted€the€States€to€figure€that€out€in€terms€of€emissions.€€ĢĢJames€Souby€asked€how€their€plan€fitted€into€this.Ģā āŠ )ś % ŠBruce€Polkowsky€said€he€thought€they€needed€to€think€about€this.€€They€had€to€think€about€how€theyĻā āwanted€it€to€happen.€€He€could€not€require€them€to€submit€anything€in€a€rule€that€did€not€yet€exist.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€EPA€thought€that€GCVTC€was€consistent€with€this€rule.ĢĢJames€Souby€said€he€was€not€sure€they€got€the€one€deciview€improvement.€€With€respect€to€visibility,Ļthe€economic€analysis€showed€that€the€costs€were€higher€in€the€West.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€made€a€comment€about€strategies€to€meet€the€PM„fine€levels.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€they€had€talked€about€who€was€going€to€pay€for€PM„fine.€€She€wanted€to€knowĻwho€would€pay€for€IMPROVE.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€the€money€was€now€combined€with€PM„fine.ĢĢŻ‚’’’ŻŌ€&¼œ¼X&X];ŌŌ€¼ ¼¼&¼œŌŻ  ŻŌ€&¼œ¼ ¼¼ŌŻ‚’’’+ŻŻ  ŻŌ€&X];X¼&¼œŌBill€Harnett€said€that€within€IMPROVE,€they€were€proposing€to€get€monitors€in€every€location.€€AŠ b\  Šdecision€needed€to€be€made€on€whether€they€needed€a€monitor€in€every€area.€€EPA€wanted€to€reduce€theĻoverall€burden.€€He€could€not€say€anything€definite€until€that€decision€was€made€and€EPA€decidedĻwhether€they€could€use€multiple€representations€from€a€single€monitor.€€EPA€planned€to€work€with€otherĻFederal€agencies€to€get€money.Żƒ’’+£݌̌Ō€&X];XX&X];ŌŌ€&X];XX&X];ŌŻ  ŻŌ€&ō}!ōX&X];ŌĢŌ€&X];Xō&ō}!ŌBeverly€Hartsock€said€that€because€EPA€was€looking€at€regional€plans,€it€was€really€allowing€areas€toŠ – Šset€their€own€regional€plans.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€EPA€was€expecting€to€give€great€weight€to€regional€plans.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€that€EPA€would€not€start€over.€€EPA€staff€felt€comfortable€with€the€GCVTC€work.€ĻThey€would€express€their€comments€along€the€way.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€EPA€had€already€committed€to€participate€in€the€Grand€Canyon€follow„up.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€the€international€issue€must€be€considered€too.€€EPA€might€find€that€this€issueĻdrove€other€things.€€She€thought€planning€was€coming€along€fast.ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€said€he€felt€that€this€was€all€going€fast.ĢĢņ ņNader€Mansour€(Southern€California€Edison)ó ó€asked€whether€EPA€would€encourage€SIPs€to€includeŠ ņ'ģ$ Šthe€Clean€Air€Investment€Funds.ĢŠ Ą)ŗ!& ŠBruce€Polkowsky€said€he€would€not€presume€strategies.ĢĢNader€Mansour€said€that€a€lot€had€been€said€about€GCVTC.€€BART€and€one€deciview€were€notĻachieved€by€GCVTC,€but€Bruce€Polkowsky€said€that€it€was€acceptable.ĢĢBill€Harnett€said€his€understanding€was€that€it€would€still€be€acceptable.ĢĢÓ XÓÓH+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XHÓÓ ØżÓņ ņOTAG€Status€Report€„„€Tom€Helms€(EPA)Š B< ŠÓ ØżÓÓ XÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓó óĢTom€Helms€said€his€purpose€was€to€give€the€Subcommittee€a€report€of€OTAG's€status.€€The€presentationĻwould€be€on€the€Web€but€there€were€no€hard€copies.€€He€said€he€would€talk€about€the€formation€ofĻOTAG,€its€modeling,€and€its€findings.ĢĢTo€set€the€OTAG€activity€in€perspective,€nonattainment€areas€were€designated€and€classified€in€1990.€ĻSIPs€were€due€for€these€areas.€€The€serious€areas€had€complicated€plans.€€A€modeling€analysis€requiredĻboundary€conditions€that€were€very€high.€€A€group€of€stakeholders€came€to€EPA€asking€to€workĻtogether.€€OTAG€was€formed€in€response€to€a€memorandum€from€EPA€in€March€1995€on€attainmentĻarea€policy.€€Mary€Gade€of€the€Illinois€EPA€sent€a€letter€to€the€States€that€got€things€going€in€AprilĻ1995.€€ĢĢThe€goal€of€OTAG€was€not€an€attainment€strategy€for€an€individual€area.€€The€goal€was€to€reduceĻtransport.€€There€were€37€states€involved,€some€more€than€others.ĢĢAir€quality€modeling€was€critical€with€four€modeling€centers€set€up.€€Four€episodes€were€run.€€ThereĻwere€five€sets€of€modeling€runs€that€evaluated€the€effectiveness€of€different€control€strategies€andĻexamined€different€levels€of€control.€€The€modeling€efforts€used€fine€and€coarse€grid€states.€€OTAGĻtreated€the€states€differently.€€The€sub„regional€modeling€run€showed€the€range€of€transport.ĢĢOTAG€looked€at€sector€controls€(utilities,€mobile,€etc.)€€In€the€Round€3,€one€could€see€the€levels€ofĻcontrols€looked€at€in€Runs€A€through€I.€€OTAG€recommendations€included:ĢĢą0 4 ąņņTechnical€FindingsóóŠ¢#œ4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąThey€established€the€best,€most€complete€emission€inventories€ever.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąState„of„the„art€modeling€was€done.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąNew€ways€were€used€to€look€at€data.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢņņą0 4 ąModeling/Air€Quality€ConclusionsŠ( $4T$4T$ ŠÓ?+Ü 4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?Óóóą0  ąą04T$T$ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąÓE.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü4‹XEÓRegional€NOņņxóó€reductions€were€effective.Šś(ō %Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąBenefits€decreased€with€distance.ŠŽ)Ų!&Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąVOC€reductions€were€effective€locally€and€in€urban€areas.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąOzone€was€pervasive€at€least€from€day€to€day.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąThe€range€of€ozone€transport€was€longer€in€the€North.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąCoarse€grid€impacts€might€be€minimal.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢņņą0 4 ąOther€RecommendationsŠz t4T$4T$ ŠóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąStates€and€EPA€should€work€together€to€issue€SIP€calls,€evaluate€NOņņxóó€control€dis„ą0@@#ø T$ø T$ąą0@@#Œ T$Œ T$ąŠ ^ X Šbenefits,€and€evaluate€tonnage€changes.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąShow€whether€the€budgets€were€sufficient.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEPA€would€evaluate€submittals€before€going€final.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąŌ#† Xr\XX&X];f#ŌŌ‡X];XX Xr\ŌSector€specific€recommendations€also€were€made.Ō#† Xr\XXX];Ć'#ŌŌ‡&X];XX Xr\ŌŠīč Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢÓ ,ÓÓ ŌžÓņņÓ' ,§XÜ„ƒXø ä ‰X'Óą0 4 ąWhat€about€the€future?ж° 4T$4T$ Šóóą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEPA€had€looked€at€technical€data€and€drafted€a€ņņFederal€Registeróó€notice€on€SIP€calls.Šš” Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEPA€would€look€at€what€was€significant€based€on€a€weight€of€evidence€approach.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąThere€would€be€a€SIP€call€for€NOņņxóó€reductions.Šb\ Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢņņą0 4 ąOTAG€SummaryŠ*$4T$4T$ Šóóą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąAssessed€ozone€transport€possibilities.ŠŒ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąExtensive€technical€work€completed.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąFindings€made€relative€to€controls€and€technology.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąRecommendations€made€to€EPA€in€June.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEPA€making€SIP€call€in€September.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢGary€Allen€said€that€OTAG€was€initially€supposed€to€help€States€through€volunteer€efforts.€€ĢĢTom€Helms€said€they€needed€more€than€OTAG€recommendations.€€They€needed€clean€days€to€avoidĻthe€classification.€€Expeditious€controls€would€help.ĢĢņ ņLarry€Feldcamp€(Baker€and€Botts)ó ó€asked€what€the€strategy€was€for€introducing€the€IIP.Š Ś!Ō ŠĢWilliam€Hamilton€said€that€they€were€not€answering€questions€directly€about€the€IIP.ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€asked€when€their€demonstration€would€be€due€and€what€was€necessary€for€it.ĢĢTom€Helms€said€that€OTAG€did€not€perform€a€Texas€run.€€Texas€was€off€to€do€its€thing€internally.€€TheĻattainment€demonstration€would€allow€more€time.€€Texas,€Office€of€Air€Quality€Planning€and€StrategyĻ(OAQPS),€and€the€Regional€office€would€have€to€work€this€out,€probably€next€April.€€They€were€reallyĻinterested€in€getting€to€the€new€standard,€not€the€old€one.Š ä)Ž!& ЇLarry€Feldcamp€asked€whether€that€meant€the€IIP€would€not€be€specific€but€would€be€flexible.ĢĢTom€Helms€said€EPA€promised€that€they€would€not€create€a€whole€new€world€of€modeling.€€ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€said€that€the€September€document€would€not€go€into€what€the€model€should€do.ĢĢVincent€Brisini€asked€which€Web€site€would€contain€the€document.ĢĢņ ņJan€Kleeman€(EPA)ó ó€said€it€would€be€on€the€FACA€Science€and€Technical€Support€Work€GroupŠ &  Š(STSWG)€bulletin€board€or€the€OTAG€bulletin€board.€€ĢĢTom€Helms€said€it€would€be€under€the€STSWG€bulletin€board.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€said€he€had€three€announcements.€€The€Subcommittee€€would€meet€at€8:00€a.m.€theĻnext€day.€€There€would€be€two€evening€sessions.€€Robert€Wyman€had€provided€copies€of€a€bookletĻoutside.ĢĢRobert€Wyman€said€his€group€was€moving€forward€aggressively€and€anyone€who€wanted€to€help€shouldĻcall€him.€ĢĢÓ  ÓŠ  ÜÖ Šņ ņThursday,€August€14,€1997Š  ŠÓ  Óó óĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€called€the€meeting€to€order€at€8:18€a.m.€€He€began€by€saying€that€they€had€a€fullĻagenda.€€He€urged€attendees€to€sign€in€if€they€were€here€for€the€first€time.€€He€announced€that€TomĻCurran€would€be€the€EPA€co„chair€that€day.ĢĢņ ņTom€Curran€(EPA)ó ó€said€that€work€group€co„chairs€would€state€what€they€felt€was€still€relevant.€€TheyŠ B< Šrecognized€the€Subcommittee's€frustration€since€things€were€being€pulled,€such€as€NSR.€€They€broughtĻDavid€Solomon€out€to€meet€with€the€work€groups€and€get€input.ĢĢņ ņFACA€Ad€Hoc€Group€on€Monitoring€Incentives€„„€Rich€HalveyŠ ŲŅ  Šó óĢņņSummaryŠ  š  ŠĢą0 4 ąóóŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚c7Żš"šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąŻ  Ż5€Consensus€recommendationsŻƒc7"7݌Šhb Œ T$Œ T$ ŠŒŻ  Żą0 4 ąŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚cĀ7Żš"šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąŻ  Ż6€Limited€consensus€recommendationsŻƒcĀ7Ż7݌ŠLFŒ T$Œ T$ ŠŒŻ  Żą0 4 ąŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚c…8Żš"šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąŻ  Ż6€Options€not€considered€for€consensusŻƒc…8 8݌Š0*Œ T$Œ T$ ŠŒŻ  ŻĢņņIssue:€€Could€the€group€come€up€with€any€consensus€on€decoupling?Š ųņ Šóóą0 4 ąResult:€€Environmental€groups€opposed€it.ŠÜÖ4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąArguments€against:Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąMonitoring€requirements€should€be€based€on€Federal€regulation.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąDecoupling€may€postpone€addressing€pollution€problems€(SIP€development).Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąSIPs€would€not€be€done€because€they€would€not€be€required.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEnvironmental€groups€could€not€agree€to€these€measures.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓą0 4 ąArguments€for:Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ ĀÓÓ j’ÓÓ ž,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąDecoupling€would€be€designed€to€achieve€equivalent€or€better€public€health€in€a€shorterĻtime€frame€under€the€decoupling€process.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąFormal€agreements€would€be€negotiated€with€schedules€and€timelines.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąFlexibility€for€States.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąTargeted€strategies€toward€particular€sources.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąWould€be€unbiased€monitor€siting.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąEPA€would€still€retain€authority€to€designate€and€impose€requirements€for€States€failingĻto€meet€agreement.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ j’ÓÓ ĀÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ž,§XBÓą0 4 ąRelation€to€PD:Š 4T$4T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąPD€raised€some€issues€related€to€decoupling.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąTransitional€classifications€could€be€used.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąA€moratorium€was€placed€on€data€for€PM.Šä)Ž!&Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4T$4T$ąThree€years€of€data€were€required€for€designation.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢMr.€Halvey€said€their€work€was€concluded€and€they€were€submitting€it€to€the€Subcommittee.ĢĢņ ņDavid€Mobley€(EPA)ó ó€noted€that€this€paper€was€finalized€before€the€PD€came€out.Š –  ŠĢņ ņProgress€During€SIP€Development„„€Nina€Dougherty€(Sierra€Club)Š d ^ ŠĢó óMs.€Dougherty€said€they€would€compare€their€work€with€the€PD€at€the€end€of€her€presentation.Š ,& ŠĢņņBackgroundŠ ōī  ŠÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓóóThe€paper€was€referred€to€a€special€subgroup€at€the€April€FACA€Subcommittee€meeting.€Members€ofŠ ŲŅ  Šthis€group€included€a€balance€of€environmental€interests,€industry,€and€State€representatives.ĢÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓĢņņStatusŠ „~  ŠÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓóóThe€subgroup€had€continued€discussions€since€the€June€meeting.€€The€paper€was€finished€independentlyŠ hb  Šof€the€PD;€a€comparison€of€the€PD€and€this€paper€would€be€presented.ĢĢņņWorking€AssumptionsŠ  ŠóóńńÓ ,§XÜÜŒXÓńńą0 4 ąThe€subgroup€maintained€neutrality€on€whether€the€current€nonattainment€system€would€be€ń ńą0@$4T$4T$ąŠ ųņ Šń ńretained€ńńą0ä 4T$4T$ąńńor€the€AOI/AOV€concept€adopted.€€Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€covered€all€areas€that€potentially€violated€or€contributed€to€a€violation€of€the€new/revised€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąstandards.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąThey€did€not€address€any€changes€to€RFP€(reasonable€further€progress)€requirements€for€current€ń ń¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąń ńnonattainment€areas€as€described€in€the€IIP.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢņņIssue€1.€€When€should€progress€begin?Š 4. Šóóńńą0 4 ąńńńńą0 4 ąńńIt€should€begin€when€the€NAAQS€was€promulgated.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņIssue€2.€€Where€should€progress€apply?óóŠ ą!Ś Šą0 4 ąIt€was€agreed€that€it€should€be€nationwide.Š 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņIssue€3:€€What€would€progress€be?Š Œ$†  ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ŌžÓóóÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąa.€€It€would€be€national€measures€adopted€by€the€EPA,€which€should€be€charged€with€specifying€Š p%j! Šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąappropriate€measures.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąb.€€State€and€local€planning€efforts€should€be€required€in€conjunction€with€RAMP€activities.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąc.€€Progress€should€include€implementing€State€and€local€control€measures€prior€to€SIP€approval.€Ļā āą0Œ 4T$4T$ąThe€nature€of€the€controls€should€depend€on€the€area.Š)ś %Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąd.€€A€preliminary€AOI€or€nonattainment€area€was€expected€to€implement€a€prescribed€list€of€ą0@$T$T$ąą0@$4T$4T$ą¼ā āmeasures.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąe.€€For€areas€highly€probable€to€be€designated€as€AOI€or€nonattainment,€emission€reductions€ą0@*$4T$4T$ą¼should€be€pursued€in€an€expeditious€and€prudent€manner,€to€include€regional€controls€and/orĻmarket„based€€strategies.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąf.€€For€areas€where€there€was€not€an€adequate€indication€of€violation,€no€new€controls€would€be€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąexpected.€€However,€it€was€presumed€those€areas€would€participate€fully€in€StateĻplanning€and€RAMP€activities.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢņņIssue€4.€€What€is€the€authority€for€progress€requirements?Š    Šóóą0 4 ąThis€issue€should€be€referred€to€the€EPA€Office€of€General€Counsel.Šīč 4T$4T$ ŠĢņņIssue€5:€€Should€progress€for€PM,€regional€haze,€and€ozone€be€treated€the€same€or€differently?Š ¶°  ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ŌžÓóóÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąThe€policy€elements€of€progress€should€be€the€same.€€However,€it€was€apparent€that€the€timing€Š š”  Šą0Œ 4T$4T$ąof€implementation€for€different€pollutants€would€vary.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠĢņņComparison€of€PD€and€Recommendations€on€ProgressŠ F@ Šóóą0 4 ąState€and€regional€planning€activities€„„€both€endorsed.Š*$4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąFederal€measures€„„€FACA:€€pursue€additional€measures.€€PD:€€implement€current€programs,€ą0@N$4T$4T$ą¼then€reassess.Š 4T$4T$ Šą0 4 ąState€emission€reductions€„„€FACA:€€after€designation/before€SIP€approval,€States€implement€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ącertain€measures;€before€designation/problem€characterized,€States€implement€regionalĻrecommendations€and€pursue€market„based€strategies€and€measures€adopted€voluntarilyĻby€States.€€PD:€€endorsed€regional€approaches,€market„based€strategies,€and€early€action,Ļand€established€requirements€for€transitional€areas€for€ozone.Š Œ T$Œ T$ Šą0 4 ąConclusion€„„€PD€and€FACA€work€are€generally€consistent;€further€revision€of€the€issue€paper€¼ą0Œ 4T$4T$ąwas€not€warranted,€but€a€postscript€would€be€added;€economic€incentives€paper€shouldĻamplify€appropriate€incentives€for€early€reductions;€and€control€strategies€issue€paperĻshould€include€recommendations€on€a€list€of€measures.Š Œ T$Œ T$ ŠņņĢÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓóóShawn€Kendall€made€a€reference€to€page€6,€bullet€5€of€the€issue€paper,€asking€a€question€about€progressŠ ¾"ø Šfor€PM€being€treated€differently.ĢĢNina€Dougherty€referred€the€question€to€David€Mobley.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€whether€they€should€address€different€measures€was€the€question.€€Progress€for€allĻthree€was€consistent.Ģā āŠ ś(ō % ŠShawn€Kendall€said€he€saw€two€as€health€issues€and€one€as€welfare,€and€did€not€think€they€should€beĻā āhandled€the€same€way.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€they€did€not€try€to€differentiate€between€the€three€standards.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€he€did€not€know€whether€it€was€a€separate€issue€during€the€interim.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€the€attempt€was€to€determine€the€types€of€efforts€and€a€different€set€of€policyĻelements€(national€measures,€State€planning€measures),€and€they€decided€that€each€of€those€elementsĻshould€be€addressed€and€play€a€role€in€each€of€the€problems.ĢĢMark€Silverstein€said€in€regard€to€State€control,€specifics€were€not€addressed€in€the€paper€and€endĻreductions€should€be€creditable.ĢĢNina€Dougherty€said€that€in€the€background€paper,€they€did€not€address€specifics.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€they€assumed€it€would€show€up€in€the€SIPs.ĢĢMark€Silverstein€said€he€thought€that€States€should€be€given€credit€for€the€investigation€of€theseĻmeasures.€€If€they€were€State„only€measures,€it€would€give€States€flexibility€before€they€becameĻmandatory€measures.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€asked€whether€they€interpreted€the€PD€as€saying€that€areas€moving€toward€transitionalĻstatus€were€being€mandated.€€She€wanted€to€know€whether€they€saw€the€PD€differently€than€she€did.€ĻMs.€Hartsock€said€the€issue€paper€recommended€that€there€be€required€State€measures.€€She€saw€the€PDĻcalling€for€incentives.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€the€PD€was€a€statement€of€how€EPA€would€carry€out€its€authority.€€The€policyĻrecommendation€from€the€Subcommittee€started€from€the€realization€that€it€would€be€a€long€time€beforeĻthings€were€required€to€be€done.€€The€relationship€to€the€PD€was€not€changed€much.€€This€was€anĻattempt€to€say€that€it€made€sense€for€EPA€to€do€things€at€that€point€even€if€EPA€could€not€mandate€them.€ĻThis€Subcommittee€was€prepared€to€say€that€things€could€be€done.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€they€faced€a€generic€issue€in€terms€of€what€to€do€about€the€papers€and€the€finalĻreport.€€They€had€four€categories€of€consensus€when€they€wrote€the€Phase€I€report.€€He€asked€whetherĻthese€four€categories€were€still€appropriate€after€the€PD.€€Mr.€Krupnick€thought€so.€€The€SubcommitteeĻwas€not€bound€by€the€PD€or€the€CAA.€€If€they€could€agree,€they€could€move€this€forward.€€They€shouldĻadopt€this€philosophy.€€The€only€further€issue€was€whether€the€paper€addressed€the€PD.ĢŠ Ž)Ų!& ŠDavid€Hawkins€said€that€Mr.€Krupnick's€point€was€helpful.€€To€add€clarification,€it€might€be€useful€toĻdivide€the€categories€into€smaller€subsets.€€At€the€one€extreme,€the€Administrator€could€choose€to€acceptĻit€or€not.€€The€PD€topics€were€in€the€middle.€€If€they€were€not€consistent€with€the€PD,€EPA€would€takeĻthe€Subcommittee's€recommendations€to€the€interagency€committee€if€it€felt€that€they€were€appropriate.€ĻThe€Subcommittee€should€move€forward.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€wanted€to€take€comments€on€this€first.€€He€asked€whether€there€was€any€disagreementĻon€the€four€categories€of€consensus.€€ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€there€were€statutes€and€there€was€guidance.€€EPA€must€decide.€€He€did€not€thinkĻthey€needed€to€tag€each€one€of€the€issues.ĢĢMike€Wright€said€that€these€papers€would€be€read€by€people€outside€EPA.€€He€thought€it€would€be€goodĻto€recognize€which€things€were€inconsistent€with€the€CAA€or€PD.€€That€way€it€would€be€recognizedĻimmediately.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€would€try€to€do€this€for€the€big€report.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€asked€whether€they€wanted€to€discuss€the€theory€or€this€issue.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€the€theory.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€then€he€was€right.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€would€turn€back€to€the€paper.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€that€what€occurred€in€the€paper€was€what€happened€in€Texas.€€She€hoped€thatĻthey€could€debate€the€conceptual€differences€between€mandated€and€voluntary€incentives.€€The€idea€ofĻincentives€versus€mandates€was€an€issue.€€They€needed€to€make€sure€they€were€accurate.ĢĢņ ņMark€Brownstein€(Public€Service€Electric€and€Gas€Company)ó ó€said€when€he€saw€areas€inŠ ¾"ø Šnonattainment,€they€had€to€continue€to€try€toward€attainment.€€For€areas€that€did€not€meet€the€8„hourĻstandard,€those€areas€should€probably€be€looking€at€these€measures,€but€it€was€voluntary.€€EconomicĻincentives€should€be€encouraged€here.€€Where€they€did€not€know€enough,€no€new€controls€wereĻexpected.€€That€was€how€he€saw€this€paper.€€It€seemed€consistent€with€the€PD.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€she€read€3b€as€something€that€should€happen.€€In€the€PD,€it€looked€like€an€option.Ģā āŠ )ś % ŠLarry€Feldcamp€said€that€with€3b,€he€interpreted€it€as€after€the€designation.€€The€PD€had€it€as€anĻā āincentive.€€They€set€it€up€as€a€mechanism.€€It€was€trying€to€do€something€early€after€designation.€€TheĻprinciple€was€consistent.€€The€group€did€not€feel€that€it€needed€to€change€its€designation.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€he€saw€a€new€issue€and€asked€whether€the€papers€should€be€rewritten€in€the€formĻof€the€PD.€€This€was€a€question,€he€was€not€advocating€this.€€They€could€add€a€section€to€the€end€orĻrewrite€the€paper.€€It€would€drop€consensus.ĢĢMark€Brownstein€said€they€could€address€the€groups€that€chose€not€to€avail€themselves€of€the€flexibilityĻunder€the€PD.ĢĢPat€Raher€said€he€did€not€think€it€would€be€good€to€rewrite€in€terms€of€the€PD.€€He€did€not€see€3b€asĻinconsistent€with€the€two€approaches€for€the€States€(mandated€and€incentivized).€€The€States€did€claimĻcredits€from€that.€€He€agreed€that€they€were€different.€€If€they€added€a€piece€at€the€end,€they€couldĻaddress€this€issue.ĢĢJohn€Dunlap€said€when€they€looked€at€the€paper,€there€was€a€shift€from€the€last€meeting.€€They€wantedĻas€much€flexibility€as€possible€in€his€State.€€This€seemed€more€prescriptive.€€He€understood€that€time€wasĻimportant.€€They€did€not€want€a€RAMP€dictating€specific€measures.€€It€had€moved€away€from€overallĻreduction€goals€and€into€a€prescriptive€approach.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€John€Dunlap€would€be€satisfied€with€a€change€in€the€section€at€the€end.ĢĢJohn€Dunlap€said€he€would€like€to€see€some€examples,€such€as€what€a€RAMP€could€do.€€He€did€not€wantĻto€go€back€to€his€State€and€say€that€they€were€empowering€a€region.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€the€same€comments€would€come€up€from€all€of€the€stakeholders.€€He€wantedĻto€add€a€section€at€the€end€so€that€they€could€move€forward.ĢĢJohn€Dunlap€said€he€thought€they€wanted€the€States€with€them.€€It€would€be€worth€bringing€them€along.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€that€as€secretary€to€the€work€group,€he€did€not€think€they€wanted€to€rewrite€theĻpaper.€€They€recommended€a€postscript€about€the€PD.ĢĢVincent€Brisini€asked€whether€there€was€something€they€wanted€to€say€that€was€different,€and€did€theyĻwant€to€spend€more€time€on€this€issue.ĢĢSteve€Gerritson€said€that€as€a€State€preparer€on€this€paper,€it€was€written€before€the€PD.€€Existing€areasĻmust€make€progress€anyway.€€They€were€concerned€about€the€new€areas.€€They€all€had€a€problem€withŠ Ž)Ų!& Šthis€from€a€public€health€viewpoint.€€The€compromise€was€that€prior€to€submittal€of€the€SIP,€certainĻthings€had€to€be€done€to€protect€human€health.€€The€PD€added€a€new€twist€and€raised€the€question€ofĻwhat€the€appropriate€action€was.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€returned€to€Beverly€Hartsockššs€comment,€saying€that€the€issue€paper€called€on€StatesĻto€do€more€than€the€minimum.€€That€was€the€question€before€the€Subcommittee:€€was€it€good€policy€toĻask€the€States€to€do€more€than€the€minimum?€€This€paper€would€not€be€approved€if€they€could€notĻendorse€that€idea.€€Mr.€Hawkins€continued€that€the€paper€should€be€understood€for€what€it€did€not€say.€ĻIt€did€not€say€that€the€list€should€be€more€than€advisory.€€If€a€set€of€measures€could€be€agreed€upon,€itĻshould€be€implemented€just€as€Congress€did€in€the€CAA.€€Mr.€Hawkins€said€he€could€understand€JohnĻDunlapššs€concerns.€€The€words€were€"should€be",€and€should€not€be€seen€as€mandatory.€€The€groundĻrules€for€RAMPs€had€not€been€made€yet.ĢĢBob€Palzer€said€he€heartily€agreed€with€Dave€Hawkins.€€They€had€a€lot€of€points€that€could€be€done€inĻthe€postscript.ĢĢņ ņJoe€Williams€(WESTAR)ó ó€said€he€saw€many€ways€to€do€this,€maybe€through€public€outreach.€€He€likedŠ F@ ŠPat€Raherššs€comments.€€The€regional€initiative€might€work€and€might€not.€€He€thought€the€paper€missedĻthe€point€that€many€problems€might€be€localized.€€He€thought€the€fine€PM€measures€were€often€local,Ļand€that€seemed€to€be€missing€from€this€paper.ĢĢMark€Brownstein€thought€they€could€say€"could"€instead€of€"should".€€They€might€do€something€else.€ĻHe€thought€that€preserved€the€concerns€of€the€environmentalists.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€if€there€was€something€on€the€list,€one€had€to€show€why€one€was€not€using€it.€€HeĻthought€it€should€be€a€menu€of€options.€€In€looking€at€the€summary€of€this€document,€Mr.€Kendall€saidĻhe€could€support€it€although€he€took€exception€to€some€statements€in€the€paper.€€On€page€4,€theĻparenthetical€expression€should€be€removed.ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€said€there€should€be€non„controversial€measures€from€off„the„shelf.€€That€was€hisĻunderstanding€of€what€they€should€do.€€They€wanted€to€suggest€that€it€was€some€measure€that€wouldĻdefinitely€end€up€in€the€SIP.ĢĢņ ņAlex€Johnson€(CCCA€LMB)ó ó€said€he€saw€these€talks€as€do„able.€€It€would€be€applied€to€Class€I€areas.€Š p%j! ŠThere€was€no€penalty€for€the€States€not€doing€anything.€€Item€3b€allowed€the€States€to€get€credit€for€earlyĻreductions.€€Ō#† Xr\XX&X];4(#ŌŌ‡X];XX Xr\ŌSome€wordsŌ#† Xr\XXX];ƒ~#ŌŌ‡&X];XX Xr\Ō€could€be€changed.€€He€thought€the€paper€was€there€and€they€should€reachŠ >'8# Šconsensus.Ģā āŠ )!% ŠSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€if€one€had€strong€opposition€to€something€in€the€PD,€it€should€be€stated.€Ļā āSince€this€paper€was€not€fundamentally€different€from€the€PD,€they€did€not€need€to€continue€along€thisĻroad.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€the€discussion€had€been€useful.€€If€they€were€going€to€add€a€section€about€the€PD,Ļthey€could€allow€State€representatives€to€review€the€draft.€€She€thought€that€they€could€finish€it€up€inĻOctober€if€it€was€in€writing.ĢĢJohn€Dunlap€said€that€California€would€support€that.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€they€could€give€them€a€provisional€consensus€until€the€postscript€wasĻwritten.€€He€originally€thought€that€this€paper€was€against€the€PD,€but€it€turned€out€that€it€was€not.ĢĢNader€Mansour€said€they€would€decide€later€whether€they€had€consensus.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€he€did€not€want€to€bring€the€whole€paper€back€later.ĢĢNader€Mansour€said€he€thought€that€consensus€depended€on€the€full€paper.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€whether€they€had€all€of€the€issues€flagged.€€If€there€were€additional€statements,Ļthey€needed€to€get€them€first.€€He€saw€Mr.€Krupnick's€asking€for€consensus€as€a€way€of€saying€that€thereĻwere€no€new€concerns€here.ĢĢNader€Mansour€said€he€believed€that€all€issues€had€been€raised.ĢĢBob€Palzer€said€the€approach€made€sense.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€anyone€else€had€a€concern.ĢĢĢÓ ,ÓÓ  ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņ ņ******BREAK******Š ¾"ø ŠÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓ  ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓó óĢĢņ ņUpdate€from€the€Communications€and€Outreach€Work€Group€„„€Tom€Curran€and€Ron€WhiteŠ j%d! Š(American€Lung€Association)Ģó óĢÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņņNAAQS€Communication:Š ( $ Šą0  ąóóInternet€had€fact€sheets,€rule€packages,€brochure,€final€revisions.Šś(ō %T$T$ ŠŠ Ž)Ų!& Šą0  ąSatellite€broadcast€went€out€on€July€24:Š T$T$ Šą0  ąą0` T$T$ą4,000€to€5,000€people.Š ` T$` T$ Šą0  ąą0` T$T$ąLargest€broadcast€they€had€done.Š ` T$` T$ ŠĢÓ ,§XÜÜŒXÓÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓ ØżÓMr.€Curran€showed€a€picture€of€the€Web€page.€€Airlinks€was€on€the€front€page€of€the€EPA€homeĻpage.€Ō..ŌHe€said€that€TTN€had€2000€file€downloads.€€There€was€a€drop€in€the€old€BBS€usage.€ĻClean€Air€Act€technical€area€pages€leveled€the€playing€field€inside€and€outside€the€Beltway.€€Mr.ĻCurran€presented€a€graph€showing€which€Internet€files€were€downloaded€and€which€fact€sheetsĻhad€been€downloaded.ĢĢRon€White€spoke€about€the€issue€paper€summaries.ĢĢņņCompleted€š šworking€draftšš€summaries€of:€Š ¶°  Šóóą0  ąAreas€at€Risk.Šš” ü!ü! Šą0  ąInstitutional€Mechanisms€(might€be€revisited).Š ü!ü! ŠĢņņPending€š šworking€draftšš€summaries€„„€completed€but€may€need€revision:Š F@ ŠóóÓ Ü,§X,§XÓą0 4 ąRAMP/AOI€(coming€back€in€October).Š*$4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąAOV€Boundaries€(could€be€finished€today).Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąClassifications€(maybe€December€or€October).Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü,§XBÓĢņņIn€progress€summaries:óóŠ ŗ“ ŠÓ Ü,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąRFP€(October)Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąProgress€During€SIP€Development€(October).Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢDespite€efforts€to€get€the€papers€out€there,€it€had€been€a€"hurry€up€and€wait"€approach€until€theĻfull€Subcommittee€accepted€the€papers.€€They€would€continue€to€work€on€the€ones€that€seemedĻviable.ĢĢTom€Curran€spoke€about€the€Pollutant€Standards€Index€(PSI)€in€Part€58.€€He€said€there€wereĻcommunications€issues€in€terms€of€clarity€and€simplicity.€€He€raised€the€issue€of€why€it€was€anĻimplementation€concern:ĢĢÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü 4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü,§X?ÓIn€the€Northeast,€ozone€maps€had€been€effective€tools.ĢIt€could€illustrate€transport.ĢIt€could€provide€information€on€control€actions.ĢÓ ,ÓÓE.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü4‹XEÓĢMr.€Curran€said€one€could€get€the€publicššs€attention€for€a€few€days,€but€thought€people€wouldĻbecome€immune€to€it€when€the€information€seemed€more€status€quo.€€The€ozone€isopleth€mapsŠ Ž)Ų!& Šwent€from€North€Carolina€to€Maine,€and€they€were€available€on€the€Internet€and€to€televisionĻstations.ĢĢRon€White€said€EPA€had€developed€a€new€four„page€fact€sheet€that€was€in€production€andĻreflected€the€final€revisions€to€the€new€NAAQS.€€Black„and„white€advance€copies€were€out.€€TheĻfact€sheet€would€be€available€at€the€end€of€the€month.ĢĢPat€Raher€said€that€as€they€moved€into€September,€there€was€clearly€going€to€be€a€move€awayĻfrom€EPA€to€State€and€local€levels.€€He€wondered€if€there€were€some€communication€forumsĻor€suggestions€for€State€and€local€agencies.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€EPA€should€have€paid€more€attention€to€this€need.€€For€the€October€andĻDecember€meetings€they€probably€should€examined.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€it€was€useful€to€see€what€was€happening€on€the€Web€site.€€She€askedĻwhether€there€had€been€discussion€at€EPA€on€speaker€forums€and€plans€for€outreach,€or€anyĻnational€movement€toward€getting€out€information€to€news€media.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€the€speaker€list€would€come€back€later€as€they€got€it€firmed€up.€€It€was€fairlyĻclose€to€completion.€€Whether€they€could€put€it€out€on€the€Internet€was€the€question.€€As€far€asĻnational€distribution€of€real„time€data€was€concerned,€the€President€spoke€in€Kalamazoo€aboutĻan€initiative€IMPACT€(Integrated€Model€of€Plumes€and€Atmosphere€in€Complex€ń ńTerrianń ńń ńTerrainń ń)€to€letĻpeople€know€what€pollution€levels€were.€€The€Northeast€had€put€a€lot€of€effort€into€it,€and€theyĻwere€seeing€how€it€worked€there.ĢĢJoe€Williams€brought€up€a€worst€case€at€99€percent€where€an€area€could€have€seven€exceedanceĻdays€in€a€row.€€He€wondered€how€EPA€would€deal€with€that€from€a€public€informationĻstandpoint.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€determining€what€to€communicate€about€a€forecast€of€future€violations€wasĻdifficult.€€People€in€his€work€group€were€interested€in€how€they€would€communicate€thisĻinformation.ĢĢRon€White€said€PSI€information€and€noncompliance€were€two€different€issues.ĢĢJoe€Williams€said€he€got€feedback€from€people€that€the€public€needed€to€be€informed€when€theĻair€violated€standards.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€that€what€a€good€coherent€message€would€be€was€still€not€clear.Š Ž)Ų!& Їņ ņScience€and€Technical€Support€Work€Group€Update€„„€Harvey€JeffriesŠ  Šó óĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€he€would€first€review€one€of€the€technical€papers€his€group€had€studied.€ĻThey€were€asked€several€specific€questions€by€Sarah€Peirce„Sandner€about€metrics.€€The€workĻgroup€was€strongly€endorsing€the€other€two€papers.€€ĢĢMr.€Jeffries€began€with€reasonable€further€progress€(RFP)€metrics.€€He€said€they€should€be€usedĻfor€planning€and€for€retrospective€measures,€such€as€measuring€RFP.€€These€went€hand„in„handĻwith€modeling.€€No€single€metric€was€adequate.€€Mr.€Jeffries€said€that€metrics€were€notĻprescriptive€and€should€be€SIP„specific.€€In€some€cases,€the€data€might€not€be€available.ĢĢThere€were€administrative€metrics,€emissions€metrics,€and€air€quality€metrics.€€The€air€qualityĻmetrics€showed€peak€value€concentrations,€areal€exposure,€and€were€population„weighted.€€TheĻmetrics€might€show€progress€depending€on€which€metric€was€used.€€The€paper€on€metrics€wasĻposted€at€the€science€and€technical€section€of€the€Web€site.ĢĢMr.€Jeffries€then€discussed€the€Source€Attribution€Workshop.€€It€was€held€in€Research€TriangleĻPark€in€mid„July.€€The€content€of€the€Workshop€was€based€on€questions€about€severalĻtechniques.€€They€recognized€a€need€for€collaborative€approaches€and€a€need€to€address€theĻincreasing€complexity€of€the€models.ĢĢReviewers€made€up€a€6€member€panel€chaired€by€Ken€Demerjian.€€Each€presenter€was€askedĻto€answer€questions,€and€then€the€panel€was€asked€to€answer€a€series€of€questions€for€EPA:ĢĢą0 4 ąDid€the€method€seem€scientifically€plausible?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąWhat€were€the€methods€strengths€and€weaknesses?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąHad€the€method€been€adequately€reviewed/demonstrated?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąWhat,€if€any,€additional€review€would€they€recommend?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąWas€the€method€practical€for€use€in€the€next€18€months?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąFor€what€application€was€the€method€appropriate?Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ ĀÓÓ?+Ü ž4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?Óą0 ` ąą0ö ` ü!` ü!ąQuality€assurance€inventory€estimates.Š ö ü!ö ü! Šą0 ` ąą0ö ` ü!` ü!ąQuantifying€preliminary€areas€of€influence.Š ö ü!ö ü! Šą0 ` ąą0ö ` ü!` ü!ąAssisting€in€episode€selection.Š ö ü!ö ü! Šą0 ` ąą0ö ` ü!` ü!ąEvaluating€air€quality.Š ö ü!ö ü! ŠÓ ĀÓÓE.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Üž4‹XEÓĢThe€10€presentations€were€grouped€into€methods€using€nested€grid€model€results,€methods€usingĻother€models,€and€observational€models/data€analysis.€€The€group€was€writing€a€full€report.ĢĢGeneral€conclusions€were:Š Ž)Ų!& Šą0 4 ąTechniques€considered€should€be€peer€reviewed.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąNo€tools€that€were€proprietary€should€be€considered.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThere€should€be€some€basis€for€evaluating€an€approach€before€its€use€in€regulatory€ą0@N!4ü!4ü!ą¼applications.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€methods€would€be€more€useful€if€used€together.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąIf€the€model€was€bad,€the€outcome€was€bad.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„XBÓĢA€technical€presentation€was€made€of€Kevin€Perry's€research€on€long„range€transport€of€NorthĻAfrican€dust€to€the€eastern€United€States€from€the€ņņJournal€of€Geophysical€Researchóó€in€MayŠ &  Š1997.€€Particles€did€come€from€Africa€to€the€southeastern€United€States€during€certain€times€ofĻyear.€€These€events€primarily€occurred€in€July.€€They€would€not€influence€the€annual€standard.€ĻOn€an€individual€day,€they€might€contribute€half.ĢĢA€second€paper€addressed€issues€related€to€attaining€the€8„hour€standard.€€In€some€areas,Ļemissions€reductions€were€tougher€with€the€8„hour€standard€than€with€the€1„hour€standard.€ĻThere€was€a€lot€of€disagreement€about€the€fact€that€clean€sites€may€have€65€ppb.€€With€the€brightĻline€of€a€standard,€there€would€be€many€areas€that€flipped€in€and€out€of€compliance€based€onĻmeteorology.€€EPA€needed€to€recognize€this,€even€if€it€was€just€in€guidance.ĢĢMr.€Jeffries€said€he€would€talk€about€attaining€the€8„hour€standard.€€In€Houston,€there€was€noĻbenefit€to€reduced€NOņņxóó.€€For€areal€exposure,€they€found€that€the€responses€were€very€different,Š ÖŠ Šbut€a€regional€point€source€NOņņxóó€reduction€scheme€showed€no€benefit.€€Even€when€looking€at€allŠ ŗ“ ŠNOņņxóó€reductions,€it€would€require€at€least€60€percent€reductions€to€make€a€difference.€€AnyŠ ž˜ Šanalysis€of€Air€Information€Retrieval€System€(AIRS)€data€could€not€be€forecasted€into€theĻfuture.€€There€were€times€when€one€might€be€in€compliance€for€a€few€years€but€not€overall.€€ItĻwas€difficult€to€tell€whether€one€was€actually€making€progress.ĢĢņ ņJeffrey€MacGillvray€(New€Hampshire€House€of€Representatives)ó ó€had€conducted€a€regionalŠ   Šassessment€of€culpability€that€Mr.€Jeffries€said€should€have€been€included€in€the€SourceĻAttribution€Workshop.€€If€there€were€flaws€in€the€model,€there€were€flaws€in€the€analyses.€ĻRecognizing€the€nonlinear€relationship,€Mr.€MacGillvray€was€able€to€track€contributions€to€theĻsub„regions.€€Mr.€MacGillvray€had€gone€on€to€consider€the€costs€of€reductions€in€different€sub„¼regions.€€He€gave€several€examples€of€the€work€and€presented€a€percent€culpability€map€thatĻshowed€which€areas€affected€certain€cities.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€New€York€was€doing€a€study€with€S.T.€Rao.€€A€statistical€regressionĻanalysis€and€cost€analysis€also€were€being€done.€€These€efforts€deserved€some€attention.€Ģā āŠ )ś % ŠHarvey€Jeffries€said€that€two€days€for€the€Source€Attribution€Workshop€were€too€few,€and€theyĻā ācould€do€a€lot€more.€€Jeffrey€MacGillvray's€work€was€looking€at€the€deep€cuts.ĢĢJeffrey€MacGillvray€said€that€S.T.€Raoššs€work€showed€smaller€cuts.€€He€had€done€more€runsĻand€showed€good€correlation.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€this€information€would€show€up€in€the€Science€and€Technical€SupportĻWork€Group€report.€€He€wanted€to€know€whether€S.T.€Raoššs€work€would€be€included€as€well.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€that€several€members€believed€that€a€SIP€development€workshop€should€beĻheld€in€the€next€year.€€Many€of€the€elements€could€be€integrated.€€S.T.€Rao's€preliminary€resultsĻwould€be€available€by€the€end€of€the€month.€€Jeffrey€MacGillvray's€results€should€be€ready€forĻOctober.€€Mr.€Jeffries€said€they€would€present€it€the€same€way€in€October.ĢĢRichard€Phelps€said€he€liked€their€work,€including€the€too„close„to„call€areas.€€These€discussionsĻwere€well„founded€but€he€had€not€seen€much€recognition€of€them€in€policy€development.€€HeĻsupported€the€idea€of€a€SIP€development€workshop€and€said€they€needed€to€include€theseĻscientific€studies€in€policy€decisions.€€Mr.€Phelps€was€concerned€about€some€of€this€not€gettingĻinto€policy.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€policy€makers€would€have€the€information.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€told€Harvey€Jeffries€that€his€Group's€work€was€helpful.€€She€askedĻwhether€the€12€percent€equaled€one„eighth€and€if€the€relationship€was€linear.ĢĢJeffrey€MacGillvray€said€yes,€that€was€their€interpretation.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€he€did€make€an€effort€to€account€for€the€nonlinearity€of€ozone€production.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€as€more€got€done,€it€would€be€more€useful.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€they€would€see€more€in€the€future,€but€the€money€had€not€been€there€before.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€that€she€thought€percent€culpability€was€something€they€knew€butĻhad€not€seen€expressed€before.€€This€differed€sharply€from€mandatory€uniform€cuts€based€on€theĻSIP€calls.€€The€FACA€Subcommittee€had€taken€on€this€subject.ĢĢTom€Helms€said€they€did€not€have€all€of€the€answers€from€the€Administrator.€€Once€a€State€hadĻa€budget,€the€State€determined€the€mix€of€measures€it€would€use.€€Š Ž)Ų!& ЇSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€it€sounded€as€though€all€States€would€be€provided€with€the€sameĻburden.ĢĢTom€Helms€said€EPA€would€lay€those€out€and€would€accept€comments.€€EPA€would€try€to€doĻit€as€justly€as€it€could.ĢĢņ ņEdwin€Meyer€(EPA)ó ó€said€that€the€results€presented€were€based€on€the€endpoint.€€Had€theŠ ^ X Šendpoint€been€in€Ohio€instead€of€New€York,€the€culpability€would€be€in€Ohio.€€He€said€thatĻuniform€NOņņxóó€reductions€were€aimed€at€reducing€all€of€the€levels.€€That€was€the€underlyingŠ ,& Šreason€for€the€rationale€in€the€PD.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€this€was€an€example€of,€"misplaced€concreteness."€€Once€one€started€toĻlook€at€the€fact€that€there€were€numerous€effects,€the€optimization€was€much€more€complicated.€ĻIf€one€looked€at€multiple€ozone€seasons,€it€sometimes€went€in€different€directions.€€One€cameĻto€the€conclusion€that€it€was€an€issue€of€optimization€because€the€question€was€for€whichĻendpoint€was€one€trying€to€optimize.€€Mr.€Hawkins€said€his€second€point€was€that€it€was€easyĻto€confuse€the€economic€pattern€of€emission€reductions€with€the€cost€of€emission€reductions.€€InĻthe€case€of€acid€rain,€the€market€was€allowed€to€make€the€decisions.€€A€ton€anywhere€in€theĻregime€was€workable.€€The€challenge€in€the€ozone€arena€would€be€to€assign€weighting€in€aĻmarket.€€That€did€not€assign€responsibility.€€It€was€a€political€science€issue,€not€a€science€issue.€ĻThe€task€of€internalizing€costs€became€difficult.€€It€was€not€obvious€where€the€costs€would€lie.€ĻOn€the€flipping€in€and€out€of€attainment,€one€designed€a€bridge€that€dealt€with€floodwaters.€€IfĻan€area€reduced€emissions€enough,€it€would€stay€in€attainment.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€if€EPA€did€not€take€the€effect€into€account€in€a€trading€program,€thereĻwould€be€ozone€benefits€left€on€the€table.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€she€did€not€try€to€look€at€individual€endpoints.€€One€could€not€haveĻ15€custom€programs.€€She€did€not€feel€that€they€could€use€a€one„size„fits„all€approach.€€Ms.ĻPeirce„Sandner€said€OTAG€needed€at€least€two€or€three€different€programs.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€that€cap„and„trade€would€not€be€inconsistent€with€science.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€he€did€not€want€them€to€take€one€example€as€the€state€of€the€science.€€AnĻAOI€was€a€complicated€beast.€€OTAG€only€looked€at€four€episodes.€€The€amount€of€moneyĻspent€on€scientific€analysis€was€very€small€compared€to€control€strategies.€€They€might€agreeĻthat€it€was€too€complicated€but€the€analyses€needed€to€be€done.€€Mr.€Jeffries€said€they€recognizedĻā āthat€a€State€would€have€to€design€for€a€100„year€flood.€€The€better€one€built€it,€the€more€it€cost.€Š )ś % ŠThe€technologies€were€not€even€available€yet€and€they€were€taking€the€bridge€that€high.€€If€theyĻwere€willing€to€tolerate€certain€variability,€they€could€reduce€the€costs.Ģā āĢMark€Brownstein€(Public€Service€Electric€and€Gas€Company)€said€he€must€take€exception€toĻthe€notion€that€OTAG€efforts€were€superficial.€€All€of€the€issues€they€had€discussed€here€hadĻbeen€discussed€in€the€OTAG€process.€€They€now€had€to€make€some€decisions.€Mr.€BrownsteinĻsaid€they€did€not€want€to€forestall€improvements€while€waiting€for€the€analysis.€€Using€modelsĻonly€would€be€a€mistake.€€They€learned€a€great€deal€with€all€of€the€information€presented€toĻthem.€€Mr.€Brownstein€said€they€had€a€tough€road€ahead€of€them.€€His€company€would€have€toĻdo€substantially€more€to€protect€people.€€They€might€not€know€what€the€technologies€to€get€themĻinto€attainment€were,€but€they€wanted€to€create€the€incentives.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€he€did€not€disagree€with€Mark€Brownstein.€€A€model€was€a€tool.€ĻOperational€tools€were€very€distorted.€€That€was€why€Mr.€Jeffries€had€pushed€a€conceptualĻmodel.€€If€one€needed€to€make€a€prediction,€one€needed€to€use€a€model.€€The€message€was€thatĻone€needed€large€reductions.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€she€thought€the€emphasis€had€shown€them€that€area„wide€controls€mustĻbe€used.€€She€would€like€to€see€a€SIP€development€workshop.€€Ms.€Hartsock€wanted€to€knowĻwhat€the€proper€forum€was€for€the€economic€and€political€discussion.Ģ€ĢAlan€Krupnick€said€he€did€not€think€the€analyses€were€deep€enough€for€the€Subcommittee,€butĻa€workshop€in€the€spring€sounded€useful.ĢĢJames€Lents€said€that€in€Los€Angeles,€certain€VOCs€and€NOņņxóó€did€not€have€the€same€impacts.€Š f` ŠIt€all€had€to€balance€out.€€He€thought€EPA€had€to€weigh€a€lot€of€issues.ĢĢĢÓ  Óņ ņ******LUNCH******Š ö š ŠÓ  Óó óĢĢņ ņAOV€Boundaries€„„€John€CrouchŠ ¢#œ Šó óĢJohn€Crouch€noted€that€the€PD€did€not€say€anything€about€boundaries.€€With€respect€to€theĻCAA,€there€was€no€presumption€or€prescription€about€drawing€boundaries.€€Mr.€Crouch€said€theĻBase€Programs€Analyses€and€Policies€Work€Group€reaffirmed€this€paper.€€He€directed€them€toĻthe€last€page€where€the€recommendations€were€grouped.ĢĢņņOverview€of€the€Issue€PaperŠ Ž)Ų!& ŠóóĢą0 4 ąFocused€on€the€AOV€boundaries€portion€of€the€designation€process:Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ ,ÓÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąAOV€boundaries€defined€regions€that€violated€ambient€air€quality€boundaries.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąBoundaries€might€be€based€on€monitored€data€or€on€a€combination€of€monitoredĻand€modeled€data.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąAOV€boundaries€might€be€refined€by€analytical€methods.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€paper€did€not€assume€that€AOV€was€synonymous€with€nonattainment€boundaries.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€paper€did€not€assume€which€emission€sources€should€be€controlled.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€paper€assumed€that€a€State€or€set€of€States€would€work€together€to€identify€which€¼ą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąemission€sources€needed€to€be€controlled.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąAOVs€tended€to€initiate€the€planning€process.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąAOVs€did€not€draw€firm€lines€according€to€the€science.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢņņIssue€1.€€What€was€the€purpose€behind€drawing€AOV€boundaries?Š š”  Šóóą0 4 ąAOVs€initiated€the€planning€process.Š~x 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąAOVs€identified€the€spatial€extent€of€areas€with€potential€health€hazards.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąAOVs€should€not€be€equated€with€control€regions.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢņņIssue€2.€€How€should€PM€and€ozone€AOV€boundaries€be€determined?Š  Šóóą0 4 ąPolitical€boundaries€and€minimal€analyses€were€sufficient.Šņģ4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąBoundaries€should€be€determined€quickly.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąEPA€should€provide€guidance€on€criteria€for€determining€boundaries.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąBoundaries€should€be€of€a€minimal€size.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢņņIssue€3.€€How€should€regional€haze€area€of€concern€(AOC)€boundaries€be€determined?Š f` ŠóóĢą0 4 ąRegional€haze€AOCs€would€not€require€new€boundaries.€€They€were€already€defined.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢņņIssue€4.€€Should€AOV€boundaries€be€defined€for€individual€pollutants€or€should€boundariesŠ ö š Šencompass€ozone€and€PM„fine€violations€and€visibility€impairment?Ģóóą0 4 ąPurpose€of€merging€AOVs€should€be€determined.о"ø4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąIntegrated€analysis€was€needed€so€control€measures€for€one€pollutant€did€not€exacerbate€¼ą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąanother.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! ŠĢÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓIssues€5€and€6€were€thrown€out€by€the€PD.€€They€should€be€deleted.ĢĢņņWhat€were€the€implications€of€the€PD?Š ( $ Šā āóóŠ ś(ō % ŠÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņņBoundaries:óó€€According€to€Bill€Harnett,€AOVs€were€still€allowed€and€had€not€been€thrown€out.€Š  Šā āMr.€Crouch€said€he€heard€nothing€yesterday€that€indicated€AOVs€were€a€bad€idea.ĢņņRegional€Coordination:óó€€The€PD€discussed€the€need€for€coordination€and€regional€strategies€butŠ Ī Č Šdid€not€refer€to€RAMPs€or€AOIs.€€The€work€group€could€replace€references€to€RAMPs€andĻAOIs€with€references€to€coordination€groups€and€control€strategy€development,€or€it€couldĻreaffirm€its€commitment€to€the€concepts€of€AOV€and€AOI.ĢņņĢIssue€1:óó€€The€PD€mentioned€New€Source€Review€and€conformity€in€relation€to€nonattainmentŠ B< Šareas.€€However,€it€also€stated€a€goal€of€minimizing€planning€and€regulatory€burdens€whereĻair€quality€problems€were€regional,€not€local.€€The€issue€paper€could€continue€to€remindĻEPA€of€problems€in€equating€nonattainment€areas€with€control€regions.ĢņņĢIssue€2:óó€€It€discussed€how€to€determine€PM€and€ozone€AOV€boundaries.€€The€PD€did€notŠ ¶°  Šmention€boundaries,€and€the€paper's€recommendations€were€still€valid.ĢÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓņņĢIssue€3:óó€€The€recommendation€not€to€define€boundaries€for€regional€haze€was€valid.Š b\  ŠÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņņĢIssue€4:óó€€They€discussed€boundaries€for€individual€pollutants€versus€all„encompassingŠ *$ Šboundaries.€€The€recommendations€to€define€the€purpose€of€merging€AOV€boundariesĻbefore€doing€so,€as€well€as€to€consider€impacts€of€control€strategies€on€multiple€pollutants,Ļwere€still€valid.ĢÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓĢJohn€Crouch€asked€whether€anyone€wished€to€register€strong€support€or€consensus€about€theĻissues.ĢĢņ ņDavid€Kelly€(Navajo€EPA)ó ó€said€that€most€of€these€issues€and€recommendations€referred€toŠ JD Šstates,€and€he€wanted€Tribes€to€be€mentioned€as€well.€€They€did€not€want€to€be€forgotten.ĢĢGary€Allen€said€that€from€his€standpoint,€nonattainment€areas€and€AOVs€seemed€quite€similar.€ĻIf€they€had€monitors€in€place,€he€wanted€to€know€what€the€role€of€the€present€monitoringĻnetwork€was€in€defining€boundaries.ĢĢJohn€Crouch€said€that€the€control€strategies€might€not€matter€within€an€AOV.€€The€area€wouldĻhave€the€smallest€definable€boundary,€and€then€they€could€focus€on€the€areas€influencing€it.€€ItĻhad€other€implications€including€NSR.ĢĢGary€Allen€asked€how€the€boundaries€might€change€in€light€of€the€new€monitoring€network.Ģā āŠ )ś % ŠTom€Curran€said€that€the€idea€was€that€there€would€be€more€flexibility€and€it€allowed€them€toĻā ālook€at€areas€further€away.€€There€was€a€potential€for€difference,€but€the€basis€was€to€identifyĻwhere€the€controls€should€be€implemented.ĢĢGary€Allen€asked€whether€the€discussion€of€monitor€locations€had€to€be€tied€into€these€areas.ĢĢJohn€Crouch€said€the€monitors€would€help€with€designation.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€the€question€of€when€they€would€merge€AOIs€might€be€more€relevant.ĢĢJohn€Crouch€said€the€framework€for€this€paper€was€to€look€at€AOVs.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€this€dealt€with€those€areas€that€fell€under€the€new€standard.€€Some€areasĻwould€still€be€nonattainment€areas€under€the€old€standard.€€She€asked€how€that€would€work.Ģ€ĢJohn€Crouch€said€he€did€not€know.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€it€needed€to€be€addressed.€€ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€that€some€nonattainment€areas€in€a€Metropolitan€Statistical€Area€wouldĻnot€have€problems.€€One€would€have€two€different€systems.€€ĢĢJohn€Crouch€said€he€heard€from€the€work€group€that€they€should€not€surrender€this€concept.ĢĢMike€Silverstein€said€he€did€not€think€the€PD€precluded€AOVs€and€AOIs.€€He€suggested€thatĻthey€keep€the€concepts€alive.ĢĢDavid€Baron€wanted€to€know€whether€the€Subcommittee€was€being€asked€to€do€something€withĻthis€paper.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€that€was€next.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€he€thought€the€PD€said€that€these€issues€were€of€little€relevance.€€He€wouldĻbe€against€saying€that€there€was€any€support€other€than€that€it€should€be€considered.ĢĢJohn€Crouch€asked€whether€it€would€be€helpful€to€say€that€some€members€of€the€environmentalĻgroup€did€not€support€parts€of€the€issue€paper.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€he€did€not€think€the€PD€supported€these€concepts.Š Ž)Ų!& ЇJohn€Crouch€asked€Mr.€Baron€to€help€him€out€in€terms€of€what€he€saw€the€PD€speaking€to,Ļparticularly€in€the€West.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€that€as€he€understood€it€yesterday,€it€was€unlikely€that€many€western€areasĻwould€fall€into€it.€€He€heard€Bill€Harnett€say€yesterday€that€some€areas€might€qualify€forĻtransitional€status.ĢĢņ ņJoe€Paisie€(EPA)€ó ónoted€that€convenient€political€boundaries€were€what€the€PD€said.€€He€gaveŠ B< Šbackground€from€the€CAAA€of€1990.€€They€were€still€looking€at€pre„1990€and€asking€how€theyĻwanted€them€to€do€it.ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€said€what€he€understood€was€that€the€AOI/AOV€concept€was€taken€out€becauseĻit€caused€public€confusion.€€From€Tuesday's€talks,€he€understood€that€it€was€still€beingĻconsidered€and€that€direction€from€the€Coordination€Group€should€be€forthcoming.€€Mr.ĻFeldcamp€said€he€thought€they€had€consensus€from€at€least€a€majority€of€the€group.€€TheĻSubcommittee€could€still€give€direction€on€in„the„box€and€out„of„the„box€ideas.€€He€hoped€thatĻAOI€and€AOV€were€still€on€the€table.€€They€should€not€be€negative€and€should€be€consistentĻwith€the€PD.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€clarified€the€language.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€they€needed€to€move€forward€with€AOVs,€AOIs,€and€RAMPS€together,€notĻindividually.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether,€with€the€exception€of€this€point€about€the€whole€package,€theyĻhad€consensus€on€this.Ģ€ĢAlex€Johnson€said€no,€they€were€not€ready€yet€to€declare€consensus.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€how€they€could€move€forward€on€these€three€concepts€together.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€that€the€concerns€of€the€environmental€community€about€this€paper€hadĻbeen€highlighted.€€From€the€standpoint€of€emission€reductions,€designatingņ ņ€ó ómetropolitanŠ Œ$†  Šstatistical€areas€(MSAs)€had€been€an€effective€way€to€establish€controls€in€the€past.€€If€theyĻmoved€to€the€AOV/AOI€concept,€they€were€asked€to€give€up€the€presumptive€controls.€€This€hadĻnever€been€tried.€€It€might€be€a€prolonged€approach€without€the€appropriate€checks€to€get€itĻdone.€€The€environmental€community€had€not€heard€a€reasonable€approach€to€this€giving€up€ofĻcontrols.€€Until€those€disputes€were€resolved,€the€controls€would€not€be€put€into€place.€€Mr.ĻHawkins€said€of€course€they€should€look€outside€the€box.€€The€statutory€scheme€had€neverŠ ź)ä!& Šprevented€them€from€looking€outside,€but€the€States€had€authority€before.€€The€tools€had€beenĻthere.€€It€was€the€decoupling€that€they€were€concerned€with.ĢĢTom€Curran€asked€if€that€meant€Mr.€Hawkins€did€not€want€to€vote€on€this€issue€yet.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€he€would€vote€no.€€He€did€not€think€it€would€work€or€get€the€emissionĻreductions.ĢĢBeverly€Hartsock€said€she€would€like€some€discussion€on€spatial€averaging€and€how€thatĻconcept€applied€here.€€She€would€like€David€Hawkins€to€address€his€concerns€about€transitionalĻareas€as€well.ĢĢJoe€Paisie€said€spatial€averaging€suggested€a€designation€concept,€but€they€had€not€gotten€to€thatĻyet.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€that€the€implications€of€the€transitional€policy€were€that€there€were€twoĻtypes€of€categories.€€One€category€was€in€OTAG€that€could€implement€regional€measures,€andĻthey€had€to€sign€up€for€their€share€of€the€requirements.€€In€the€AOV,€those€areas€were€off€theĻhook€from€the€beginning.€€That€was€the€difference.€€The€second€set€of€areas€must€submit€a€SIP,Ļso€they€could€not€rely€on€external€regional€planning.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€there€would€there€be€more€policies€laid€out€before€December.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€they€would€not€propose€NSR€until€March.ĢĢJoe€Paisie€said€they€would€not€have€it€by€December€of€this€year.ĢĢGary€Allen€said€he€would€like€to€hear€what€the€legal€basis€of€RAMPs€was€and€their€relationshipĻto€existing€planning€groups.ĢĢTom€Curran€said€the€discussion€of€RAMPs€and€AOIs€would€take€place€at€future€meetings.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€he€would€like€to€remind€everyone€that€Don€Theiler€told€the€SubcommitteeĻthat€stupid€decisions€had€been€made€before.€€This€process€of€AOVs€and€AOIs€was€set€to€avoidĻmaking€stupid€decisions€in€areas€such€as€offsets€or€locating€facilities€just€over€the€line.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€those€were€examples€of€States€choosing€to€do€stupid€things,€not€beingĻforced€to€do€stupid€things.€€Don€Theiler€could€not€get€legislators€to€accept€that.€€The€State€ofĻWisconsin€would€not€do€more€than€the€minimum.€€That€was€not€the€policy€direction€where€areasŠ Ž)Ų!& Šwanted€to€go.€€EPA€could€be€very€explicit€in€saying€that€they€should€look€further€outside€of€theirĻboundaries.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€they€had€intended€to€look€at€all€of€those€issues€with€the€rewrite.€€The€PD€hadĻmade€it€more€difficult.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€were€not€going€to€reach€consensus€as€it€was.€€Returning€to€the€fourĻcategories,€the€Subcommittee€was€down€at€"not€reaching€consensus."ĢĢJohn€Crouch€said€that€this€was€a€fill„in€paper€after€the€AOV/AOI€paper.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€could€package€the€papers€and€get€it€up€to€a€2€consensus€category€orĻthey€could€leave€it€at€4.€€He€wanted€to€get€to€some€resolution€for€this€paper.€€ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€said€he€did€not€think€it€was€appropriate€to€spend€any€more€time€on€the€issueĻthen.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€that€meant€a€provisional€4.ĢĢLarry€Feldcamp€said€yes.ĢĢBill€Luneberg€said€he€thought€this€paper€showed€the€intellectual€bankruptcy€of€the€concept.€€ItĻseemed€to€him€that€they€could€not€draw€anything€more€than€political€boundaries.€€They€wereĻjust€coming€up€with€another€inexact€way€of€dealing€with€it.€€He€thought€it€should€be€dropped.ĢĢShawn€Kendall€said€it€needed€to€be€bundled€with€AOI.€€He€did€not€think€that€the€AOV€locationĻshould€have€no€controls€while€some€other€area€had€controls.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€he€did€not€see€how€the€Subcommittee€could€air€the€issue€any€more€thoroughlyĻthan€they€had€in€the€last€two€years.€€He€would€talk€about€transport,€but€he€would€give€it€anĻabsolute€4.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€the€issue€was€Manitowoc,€an€AOV€that€was€not€part€of€the€AOI.€€It€wasĻinappropriate€to€define€one€without€the€other.€€He€agreed€with€Shawn€Kendall.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€Don€Theiler€was€trying€to€accomplish€some€good€things.€€EPA€has€comeĻup€with€"overwhelming€transport"€and€other€such€methods.€€They€did€not€need€to€decouple.€€IfĻone€could€make€a€showing€of€transport,€then€one€could€get€that€changed.ĢŠ Ž)Ų!& ŠAlan€Krupnick€said€this€issue€was€a€provisional€4€for€now.€€The€papers€would€have€to€cover€theĻdecoupling€issue.€€It€would€come€back€to€the€Coordination€Group€for€an€issue€paper€explainingĻtheir€thinking.ĢĢņ ņEmissions€Inventories/Modeling€Requirements€„„€Ted€Russell€Š –  Šó óĢTed€Russell€said€his€group€looked€at€what€would€happen€in€the€future,€whether€they€could€doĻintegration€in€the€future,€and€whether€the€models€were€up€to€their€needs.€€He€said€there€wasĻsignificant€criticism€now€about€models.€€They€needed€to€improve€them€and€figure€out€how€theyĻwould€play.€€The€paper€was€done€with€the€work€of€20€people€and€had€undergone€multipleĻrevisions.€€He€then€went€through€his€presentation.ĢĢņņIntroductionŠ ¶°  Šóóą0 4 ąAir€quality€models€and€emission€inventories€should€remain€central€to€good€air€quality€Š š”  Šą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąmanagement.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąThrust€of€recommendations:€€improve€rigors€of€processes,€develop€confidence€in€process€¼ą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąand€results,€define€an€integrated€process.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! ŠĢņņStatements€Concerning€Modeling/InventoriesŠ  ŠóóÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓą0 Ü ąą04Üü!Üü!ą1.€€Models€wereņ ņ€ó óavailable€for€designing€SIPs€and€other€regulatory€purposes.Šņģ4ü!4ü! ŠÓ ` ‚,ÜÜŒXÓÓ  Óą0 4 ą2.€€The€availability€of€adequate€emissions€and€other€inputs€was€probably€the€greatest€ą0@š!4ü!4ü!ąą0@š!` ü!` ü!ąą0@š!4ü!4ü!ąą0@š!` ü!` ü!ąą0@š!4ü!4ü!ą¼limitation€to€the€use€of€models.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ą3.€€Consistency€in€collecting€and€reporting€emissions€data€was€essential.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ą4.€€Regulatory€demands€on€model€outputs€needed€to€be€reconciled€with€limits€on€ą0@¬ ` ü!` ü!ąą0@¬ 4ü!4ü!ąą0@¬ ` ü!` ü!ąą0@¬ 4ü!4ü!ą¼resources.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ą5.€€Appropriate€uses€of€models€and€inventories€were€iterative,€linked€processes€with€ą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ąą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ąą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ą¼several€ą0@† ü!ü!ąessential€steps.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ą6.€€€Performance€tests€for€air€quality€models€should€be€more€rigorous€than€current€ą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ąą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ąą0@!` ü!` ü!ąą0@!4ü!4ü!ą¼practice.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ą7.€€€Model€attainment€demonstrations€and€RFP„related€modeling€requirements€shouldĻą0` 4ü!4ü!ąbe€closely€coordinated€to€provide€a€clear€set€of€requirements€to€States€and€limitĻresource€demands.Š ` ü!` ü! Šą0 4 ą8.€€€Much€greater€emphasis€should€be€placed€on€scientific€peer€review€of€models€and€ą0@Ņ!4ü!4ü!ąą0@Ņ!` ü!` ü!ąą0@Ņ!4ü!4ü!ąą0@Ņ!` ü!` ü!ąą0@Ņ!4ü!4ü!ąą0@Ņ!` ü!` ü!ąą0@Ņ!4ü!4ü!ą¼emissions€inventory€approaches.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ·ÓĢÓ ŌžÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!` ‚,BÓņņAir€Quality€Model€and€Emission€Inventory€Evaluation€and€Control€Strategy€EvaluationŠ 8'2# ŠĢóóÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąMore€comprehensive€model€and€emission€inventory€evaluation€was€key€to€improving€Š )ś % Šą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąthe€process.Šä)Ž!&Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąThere€should€be€greater€evaluation€of€competing€strategies.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓņņWhat€Were€the€Appropriate€Uses€of€Models€in€Identifying€Strategies€Leading€to€Attainment€andŠ Ī Č ŠRFP€Assessment?óóŠ ² ¬ ŠĢÓ'Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąModels€should€continue€to€be€used€for€air€quality€management;€when€applied€ą0@¼Œ ü!Œ ü!ącorrectly€¼ą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąthey€provided€the€best€means€of€assessing€the€appropriate€level€of€controls.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€process€should€be€iterative€and€ongoing€with€periodic€reassessment€and€should€ą0@r!4ü!4ü!ą¼involve€stakeholders€and€technical€review€from€the€beginning.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThere€was€a€need€to€develop€new€guidelines€to€include€more€evaluation€and€increase€ą0@š!4ü!4ü!ą¼confidence.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąAdvanced€use€of€models€and€more€advanced€models€were€key€to€improved€air€ą0@ųŒ ü!Œ ü!ąquality€¼ą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąmanagement.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! ŠĢņņUncertaintyŠ ~x  ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„ƒXø ä ‰XKÓóóą0 4 ąUncertainty€assessment€was€important,€commonly€done€in€environmental€assessments,€Š b\  Šą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąthe€basis€for€risk€assessment,€currently€done€by€some€for€air€quality€modeling,Ļfeasible,€and€provided€greater€confidence€in€results.Š Œ ü!Œ ü! Šą0 4 ąQuantitative€uncertainty€analysis€should€be€conducted€for€each€part€of€the€emissions€ą0@Ņ!4ü!4ü!ą¼inventory€development€and€modeling€process.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąOverall€uncertainty€should€be€assessed€and€used€to€establish€goals€and€expectations€ą0@Š!4ü!4ü!ą¼(e.g.,€RFP).Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąSome€areas€might€take€more€time€than€others€to€reduce€uncertainties.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠĢņņChoosing€ModelsŠ f` ŠÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„XBÓóóą0 4 ąTwo€questions:€€should€a€specific€model€be€preferred€by€EPA€over€others;€and€shouldŠ JD Šproprietary€models€be€used€for€regulatory€decision€making?Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąŠ 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ'Ü„„X<ˆXÜ„X'Óą0 4 ąą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚c Żš"šą0ä Œ ü!Œ ü!ąŻ  ŻEPA€should€emphasize€use€of€the€best€set€of€tools€and€data€with€frequentŠ ö š Šreview€and€comparison;€ņņoróó€take€a€similar€approach€except€each€RAMP,Š Ś!Ō ŠAOI,€or€State€would€have€a€Technical€Advisory€Panel€of€experts€alongĻwith€stakeholders€to€review€all€aspects€of€the€work.€€Either€way,€noĻdefault€or€preferred€model€would€be€prescribed.Żƒc '݌Š ä ü!ä ü! ŠŒŻ  Żą0 4 ąą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚c,Żš"šą0ä Œ ü!Œ ü!ąŻ  ŻNo€proprietary€models€should€be€used€in€developing€a€SIP,€regionally€Š j%d! Šintegrated€plan€(RIP),€or€regulatory€guidance.€€Any€model€used€forĻregulatory€guidance€should€be€open€and€available€to€all€parties.€€AnĻappropriate€mechanism€would€be€necessary€to€compensate€modelĻdevelopers€and€ensure€continued€model€advancement.Żƒc,G݌Š ä ü!ä ü! ŠŒŻ  Żą0 4 ąŠŽ)Ų!&4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąŻ‚c’ŻŻ  ŻŻ‚c@Żš"šą0Œ 4ü!4ü!ąŻ  ŻPeer€review€meant€scientifically€peer„reviewed€literature,€not€panels€and€ą0@ˆ 4ü!4ü!ąreports.Żƒc@[݌ŠŒ ü!Œ ü! ŠŒŻ  ŻĢņņUse€of€Models€and€Inventories€in€Pre„AOI€IdentificationŠ Ī Č ŠÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„„X<ˆXKÓóóÓ Ü,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąState„of„the„science,€peer„reviewed€techniques€should€be€used.в ¬4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąEPA€can€help€develop€and€assess€methods€and€apply€them€to€different€regions.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąThe€role€of€EPA€in€specifying€pre„AOIs€was€uncertain.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ" Ü„XÜ,§XŲ"ÓĢņņReducing€Uncertainties€in€Emission€InventoriesŠ B< ŠńńÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓńńÓ ,ÓÓ ŌžÓóóÓ ,§XÜ„XÓą0 4 ąStart€with€existing€inventories€for€preliminary€AOI€definition€and€switch€to€refined€ą0@Z!e€Coordiąą0@Z!4ü!4ü!ąą0@Z!4ü!4ü!ąŠ &  Šinventories€for€final€RIP/tribal€implementation€plan€(TIP)/SIP.Š 4ü!4ü! Šą0 4 ąDevelop€a€mechanism€to€provide€incentives€to€sources€to€better€characterize€their€ą0@Ü e€Coordiąą0@Ü 4ü!4ü!ąą0@Ü 4ü!4ü!ąą0@Ü 4ü!4ü!ą¼emissions;€could€be€a€fee€based€on€uncertainty€or€a€requirement€to€increase€controlĻlevels€to€make€up€for€uncertainty.€€Should€involve€stakeholders€in€the€process€to€ensureĻmajor€sources€have€well„characterized€emissions.Š 4ü!4ü! ŠÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!,§XBÓĢShawn€Kendall€said€in€the€Grand€Canyon€process,€they€had€to€have€a€consistent€methodology.€ĻThe€meteorological€data€sets€must€be€identical.€€It€also€was€important€to€have€consistentĻeconomic€forecasts.€€Some€groups€would€not€be€able€to€do€it€Cadillac„style.€€Mr.€Kendall€hopedĻthey€could€do€it€more€cheaply€in€the€future,€but€budget€constraints€could€affect€complexity€asĻwell€and€might€drive€a€simpler€approach€with€less€rigor.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€if€OTAG€participants€had€used€different€models,€it€would€not€have€worked.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€EPA€should€allow€flexibility€because€it€encouraged€better€inputs€and€moreĻdevelopment€and€evolution€of€models.€€That€was€particularly€true€for€integrating€pollutants.ĢĢGlen€Cass€said€in€Southern€California,€the€ozone€planning€process€was€contentious.€ĻCompetitive€modeling€produced€good€results.€€It€kept€both€parties€more€honest.€€The€two€groupsĻanalyzed€one€another€and€tried€to€find€mistakes.€€In€the€long€run,€this€was€the€cheapest€way.€€AĻsingle€model€would€retard€the€advance€of€other€models.€€The€real€shortage€was€trainedĻpersonnel,€not€models.€€Trained€personnel€normally€only€understood€one€model.€€They€couldĻnot€require€a€single€model.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€clearly€EPA€wanted€to€improve€models.€€They€could€support€a€shoot„out€ofĻdifferent€models.€€ĢĢTed€Russell€said€all€parties€could€develop€models,€but€they€were€precluded€by€EPA.€€He€gaveĻan€example€of€North€Carolina€wanting€to€use€a€better€model€but€not€being€able€to€do€so€becauseĻof€EPA.€€€Š Ž)Ų!& ЇBill€Hunt€said€that€a€prescribed€model€kept€changing,€and€EPA€would€consider€Mr.€Russell'sĻcomments.ĢĢDavid€Baron€said€his€concerns€were€that€it€seemed€to€be€an€extremely€inefficient€process€forĻdeveloping€new€models.€€There€would€be€delays€and€people€would€haggle€a€lot.€€It€would€addĻmore€delays,€and€that€was€a€major€concerns€of€his.€€The€EPA€folks€reviewing€SIPs€would€haveĻto€find€high„level€modeling€expertise.€€He€said€he€supported€choices€but€not€a€free„for„all.€€ThereĻwere€more€efficient€ways€of€developing€good€models.€€He€supported€more€rigorous€oversight.€ĻEPA€approved€and€said€that€they€would€do€better€next€time,€but€they€did€not.€€Mr.€Baron€saidĻhe€did€not€want€his€money€to€go€for€more€model€development€rather€than€more€controls.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€they€were€not€diverting€resources€and€were€allowing€the€use€of€peer„reviewedĻmodels.€€The€models€could€improve€emission€inventories.€€The€group€recommended€more€top„¼down,€bottom„up€approaches.€€They€did€not€address€how€to€go€about€this€any€further€than€whatĻwas€in€the€paper.ĢĢRichard€Phelps€referred€to€Appendix€E€of€the€paper,€the€Consolidated€Emission€InventoryĻReporting€Rule.€€He€said€emission€factors€were€imprecise€and€wanted€to€know€who€providedĻAppendix€E.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€EPA€provided€this€rule.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€yes,€they€provided€the€rule.€€EPA€was€planning€to€merge€this€rule€in€withĻthe€regulatory€package.ĢĢRichard€Phelps€asked€whether€it€had€received€stakeholder€input.ĢĢDavid€Mobley€said€EPA€had€interacted€with€States€and€welcomed€other€input.€€They€were€tryingĻto€merge€the€requirements.ĢĢRichard€Phelps€said€the€term€"consolidation"€was€well€supported.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€that€term€was€not€associated€with€the€paper€or€the€work€group.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€he€did€support€developing€capabilities.€€Being€able€to€review€the€models€wasĻdifficult€for€them.€€It€was€important€that€one€model€was€widely€used,€because€it€was€easier€forĻStates€to€find€the€expertise€to€use€it.Ģā āŠ ś(ō % ŠDavid€Kelly€asked€whether€the€models€identified€uncontrolled€sources.€€They€needed€to€addressĻā āsome€of€these.€€During€the€modeling€process€at€GCVTC,€they€saw€that€modeling€pointed€toĻships€in€the€Pacific€and€emissions€in€Mexico.€€Ultimately,€the€models€were€tweaked€and€changedĻin€such€a€way€the€answer€became€different.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€that€if€one€did€not€have€the€ability€to€tweak€a€model,€it€was€important.€€TwoĻcompeting€models€got€rid€of€the€ability€to€tweak.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€he€would€like€to€hear€from€a€State€representative€about€multiple€models.ĢĢJoe€Williams€said€that€they€were€finding€Ō#† Xr\XX&X];Ļ~#ŌŌ‡X];XX Xr\ŌMM5€(mŌ#† Xr\XXX];T3#ŌŌ‡&X];XX Xr\Ōodified€method€5)€was€serving€them€betterŠ īč  Šthan€what€they€had€before.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€a€representative€from€North€Carolina€wanted€to€use€MAQSIP.ĢĢņ ņKirit€Chaudhari€(Virginia€DEQ)ó ó€said€if€they€had€to€use€a€proprietary€model,€it€would€cost€aŠ b\  Šlot.€€They€could€uncouple€the€models€to€see€how€they€worked€but€there€was€a€lot€of€effort€there.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€the€paper€needed€to€add€something€addressing€the€delayĻassociated€with€modeling€and€emissions€inventories€before€they€could€get€consensus€fromĻenvironmental€groups.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€asked€what€procedures€could€be€put€into€play€to€avoid€delays.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€referred€to€SIP€submittal€deadlines.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€it€was€a€good€question€and€he€did€not€know€the€answer.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€the€use€of€models€had€become€routine€and€computers€were€faster.€€The€choiceĻof€different€models€should€not€slow€down€the€process.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€that€getting€approval€of€models€drew€the€situation€out.ĢĢBill€Luneberg€said€that€a€considerable€amount€of€delay€did€occur€in€Philadelphia.ĢĢTed€Russell€said€the€reason€was€that€the€first€model€failed.ĢĢBob€Palzer€said€he€rather€liked€this€paper.€€He€was€more€concerned€with€the€possibility€thatĻmodeling€would€not€be€used€and€might€be€deemed€irrelevant.Š ä)Ž!& ЇTed€Russell€said€they€were€trying€to€look€at€policy€beyond€the€next€SIP€call.ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€the€guidance€they€put€out€for€compliance€with€the€1„hour€standard€would€notĻrequire€any€additional€modeling.ĢĢBob€Palzer€said€in€Oregon,€there€seemed€to€be€some€doubt€about€whether€it€was€appropriate€toĻdo€more€modeling.€€ĢĢBill€Hunt€said€it€would€be€for€the€PM„10€standard€but€not€the€PM„2.5€standard.ĢĢņ ņMel€Zeldin€(South€Coast€Air€Quality€Management€District)ó ó€said€if€models€could€not€be€runŠ īč  Šand€verified€in€the€right€time€frame,€they€always€defaulted€to€the€previous€version.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€anyone€disagreed€that€the€Subcommittee€had€reached€a€consensusĻof€1.ĢĢDavid€Hawkins€said€that€David€Baron€had€some€concerns€and€was€not€there€to€see€whether€theyĻwere€resolved.€€Others€here€might€not€object€to€the€paper.€€Alex€Johnson€had€also€pointed€outĻthat€it€was€great€in€a€constraint„free€universe.€€The€proliferation€of€models€would€hurt€theĻenvironmental€community.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€there€was€a€difference€between€100€percent€agreement€and€consensus.ĢĢHarvey€Jeffries€said€he€did€not€see€that€environmental€groups€had€a€limited€ability.€€He€invitedĻthe€environmental€community€to€join€them.€€He€said€it€was€faster€if€they€got€the€agreement€upĻfront.€€Environmental€groups€did€not€have€to€do€the€evaluation€themselves.ĢĢBill€Luneberg€said€it€was€not€that€easy.€€They€were€oversimplifying€the€ease€of€finding€experts.€ĻHe€knew€he€was€personally€not€capable€of€evaluating€models.€€They€had€significant€difficultyĻresponding€to€model€results€and€needed€outside€capability.ĢĢAlex€Johnson€said€the€paper€had€noted€it€would€be€nice€to€have€stakeholder€involvement.€ĻGetting€all€stakeholders€involved€was€hard,€even€in€terms€of€travel.€€Resources€needed€to€beĻbetter€addressed.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€the€group€would€feel€comfortable€allowing€Alex€Johnson€to€workĻwith€Ted€Russell€in€getting€the€paper€toward€consensus.ĢĢBob€Palzer€volunteered€to€help.Š ä)Ž!& ЇAlan€Krupnick€said€that€Alex€Johnson€and€Bob€Palzer€would€work€with€Ted€Russell.ĢĢņ ņIntegrated€Implementation€„„€Bob€Lopez€(Wisconsin€DNR)Š Ī Č Šó óĢBob€Lopez€began€by€saying€that€the€issue€paper€was€built€from€the€November€1996€integratedĻimplementation€paper€and€was€reviewed€by€the€National€and€Regional€Strategies€Work€Group.€ĻHe€then€proceeded€with€a€presentation.ĢĢÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņņPhase€II€Issue€Area€1Š &  ŠóóIdentify€strategies€and€control€measures€with€multiple€pollutant€benefits€or€problems.Š    ŠĢņņPhase€II€Issue€Area€2Š ŅĢ  ŠóóÓÜÜŒXÓÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓSolve€multiple€pollutant€problems€when€the€assessment€tools€or€planning€timelines€wereŠ ¶°  Šdifferent,€where€the€benefit€of€integrating€plans€and€controls€was€not€obvious,€or€where€anĻintegrated€controls€response€was€negative.€ĢĢņņPhase€II€Issue€Area€3Š F@ ŠóóDevelop€incentives€for€early€implementation€of€integrated€controls€where€indicated€as€positive.€Š *$ ŠThis€issue€would€be€partially€addressed€by€the€control€strategies€and€economic€incentivesĻpapers.ĢĢņņII„1:€€Recent€DialogueŠ ŗ“ ŠóóWhere€time€lines€mismatched€and€direction€was€not€obvious:€€which€integration€efforts€shouldŠ ž˜ Šbe€pursued,€even€if€no€data€or€tools€were€available€to€support€them;€what€early€information€andĻassurances€were€there€for€stakeholders€to€get€early€integrated€actions.ĢĢņņII„2:€€Recent€DialogueŠ .( ŠóóWhere€direction€was€obvious:€€weigh€strategy€on€total€or€multi„pollutant€benefit,€focus€on€sourceŠ   Šsectors€based€on€multi„pollutant€impact€potential,€and€integrate€SIP€analyses.ĢĢņņII„3:€€Recent€DialogueŠ ¾"ø ŠóóWhere€there€were€differing€problems€and€solutions:€€how€to€deal€with€spatial€differences€inŠ ¢#œ Šviolation€and€influence€when€trying€to€integrate€SIPs;€how€to€deal€with€differing€violationĻepisodes€or€seasons;€and€how€to€deal€with€differing€air€chemistry€responses€when€attemptingĻintegration.ĢĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€1€(Standing)Š ( $ ŠóóOptimize€the€assessment€of€ozone,€PM„fine,€and€regional€haze,€along€with€related€complianceŠ ś(ō % Šand€control€strategies€through€consideration€of€all€three€pollutants€in€an€integrated€fashion€ratherŠ Ž)Ų!& Šthan€independently.Ģā āĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€2€(Standing)Š –  ŠÓ<.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!<ÓóóEPA€should€not€force€implementation€time€lines€to€coincide.Š z t ŠĢÓ ,ÓÓ?+Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!Ü„X?ÓÓ ŌžÓņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€3Š B< Šń ńÓB.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!ÜÜŒXBÓń ńóóÓ'܄܂,Œ ŠXÜÜŒX'ÓÓ ŌžÓÓ ,ÓEPA€needed€to€address€the€issue€of€regional€haze€improvement€where€early€local€NAAQS€SIPsŠ &  Šwould€not€drive€program€development€and€automatic€progress.€€This€might€involve€incentivesĻto€pursue€regional€approaches€to€address€transport€where€the€science€warranted€a€broader€orĻmore€distant€area€response.ĢĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€4Š š”  ŠóóEPA€should€provide€States€with€incentives€and€encouragement€for€"periodic"€SIP„drivenŠ ~x  Šintegrated€plan€evaluations€rather€than€mandate€mid„plan€corrections€for€building€integratedĻstrategies€and€for€refined€integrated€milestones.ĢĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€5Š  ŠóóThrough€implementation€guidance,€EPA€needed€to€encourage€greater€or€more€flexible€SIPŠ ņģ Šattainment€or€progress€credit€for€sources€or€source€sectors€investing€in€longer€term,€optimizedĻmulti„pollutant€controls.ĢĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€6Š ‚| ŠóóEPA€and€States€should€emphasize€using€control€measures€with€multiple€pollutant€benefits€inŠ f` Šcrafting€SIP€strategies€addressing€both€NAAQS€and€haze.ĢĢņņIntegrated€Implementation€Recommendation€7Š   ŠóóEPA€should€consider€a€broadened€criterion€for€possibly€waiving€or€adjusting€the€timing€orŠ ö š Šlocation€of€controls€based€on€multi„pollutant€and€transport€effects€on€public€health€and€visibility.ĢĢņņMultimedia€Impacts€and€Integrated€PlansŠ ¢#œ ŠóóAlthough€not€addressed€in€this€forum,€multimedia€impacts€were€acknowledged€and€needed€toŠ †$€  Šńńą0  ąńńbe€addressed€in€future€integrated€strategy€assessments€where€greater€emphasis€was€placed€on€theĻissue.ĢĢÓK.Ü„Ü4Œ ä <”ģDœōL¤ü!܄܂,Œ ŠXKÓAlex€Johnson€said€Item€7€language€should€incorporate€multi„media€so€that€it€was€clear€whatĻthey€meant.ĢŠ Ž)Ų!& ŠBob€Lopez€said€they€did€not€address€multi„media€originally.ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€the€first€sentence€on€Recommendation€3€might€not€account€for€TitleĻIV€in€the€East.€€She€suggested€they€substitute€"NAAQS€and€other€programs€planned€in€the€nearĻfuture"€instead€of€"early€local€NAAQS€SIPs."ĢĢBruce€Polkowsky€indicated€that€Title€IV€would€affect€it€anyway.ĢĢBob€Lopez€said€they€could€just€add€"and€other€programs."ĢĢSarah€Peirce„Sandner€said€okay.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€asked€whether€they€could€call€this€a€consensus€document€and€if€there€was€anyĻdisagreement.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€paused€and€then€said€great,€they€had€consensus.ĢĢWilliam€Hamilton€thanked€everyone€for€staying.€€He€said€that€the€next€meeting€would€be€inĻChicago€on€October€9€and€10.ĢĢTom€Curran€thanked€everyone€for€coming.€€He€said€obviously€the€PD€changed€the€landscapeĻfor€EPA€and€for€them.€€EPA€sometimes€had€to€move€quickly,€but€they€were€listening€to€theĻSubcommittee's€comments.ĢĢAlan€Krupnick€said€they€had€a€lot€on€Octoberššs€agenda.€€They€had€set€a€path€and€a€template€forĻgetting€the€job€done.€€He€adjourned€the€meeting.ĢĢĢŌ#† Xr\XX&X];k3#Ō