Risk Assessment and Modeling -
   Air Toxics Risk Assessment Reference Library

Volume 3 - Community Scale Assessment

PART I.  BACKGROUND

1.0  Preface
1.1  Intended Audience
1.2  Relationship to Volumes 1 and 2
1.3  Overview of the Document's Structure and Content

2.0  Introduction
2.1  Air Pollution at the Local Level
2.2  Environmental Concerns Other Than Air Toxics Emissions to Air
2.3  Localized Assessment and Risk Reduction - A General Goal
2.4  Community-Scale Stakeholders and the Importance of Community Involvement
References

PART II.  MULTISOURCE CUMULATIVE HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT: INHALATION

3.0  Background
3.1  Introduction to Air Pollutants
3.2  Sources of Air Toxics
3.3  What Is Multisource Cumulative Assessment?
3.4  Evaluating the Need or Usefulness of a Multisource Cumulative Assessment
3.5  Methodologies for Multisource Cumulative Assessment
3.6  Choosing the Correct Tools and Approach for a Multisource Cumulative Assessment

4.0  Introduction
4.1  Identify Who Needs to be Involved in the Process
4.2  Identify the Multisource Concerns to Be Evaluated
4.3  What Will Be the Scope of the Multisource Assessment?
4.4  Problem Formulation
References

5.0  Introduction
5.1  Emissions Characterization
5.2  Air Dispersion Modeling
5.3  Estimating Inhalation Exposure
5.4  Toxicity Assessment
References

6.0  Introduction
6.1  Quantification of Multisource Risk and Hazard
6.2  Approaches for Characterizing and Presenting Multisource Risk and Hazard
6.3  Identifying Risk Contributors (Source Apportionment)
6.4  Characterization of Assumptions, Limitations, and Uncertainties
References

7.0  Introduction
7.1  Risk Perception
7.2  Your Risk Communication Strategy - The Overall Plan
7.3  Risk Comparisons
7.4  Implementing Risk Communication Strategies
7.5  Presenting Basic Information About Multisource Cumulative Risk and Hazard
7.6  Risk Trends
References

8.0  Introduction
8.1  Role of Risk Management in Multisource Cumulative Assessment
8.2  The Role of Risk Estimates in Decision-Making
8.3  Types of Risk Management Decisions Related to Air Toxics
8.4  Developing the Risk Management Strategy
References

PART III.  MULTISOURCE MULTIPATHWAY AIR TOXICS ASSESSMENT

9.0  Introduction
9.1  Toxic Chemicals That Persist and Which May Also Bioaccumulate
9.2  Overview of Multisource Multipathway Human Health Air Toxics Risk Assessment
9.3  Multisource Multipathway Ecological Risk Assessment References

PART IV.  OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS OF CONCERN TO COMMUNITIES

10.0  Introduction
10.1  How Is Part IV Organized and How Can It Be Used Effectively?
10.2  STEP 1 - Building a Collaborative Partnership
10.3  STEP 2 - Identify Community Concerns and Interests
10.4  STEP 3 - Identify Community Vulnerabilities that May Increase Risks from Environmental Stressors
10.5  STEP 4 - Identify Community Assets
10.6  STEP 5 - Identify the Concerns and Vulnerabilities that Everyone Agrees Need Immediate Action
References

11.0  Introduction
11.1  STEP 6 - Collect and Summarize Available Information and Identify Information Gaps
11.2  STEP 7 - Identify Priorities
References

12.0  Introduction
12.1  STEP 8 - Identify and Analyze Options for Reducing the Priority Risks
12.2  Select Risk Reduction Options
12.3  STEP 9 - Decide on an Action Plan and Mobilize to Carry Out the Plan
12.4  STEP 10 - Evaluate the Results of Community Action, Analyze New Information, and Start the Process Again to Reset Priorities
12.5  Sustaining the Effort Over Time
References

APPENDICES