WPC %RV?B>Ol[zTPUIP~G@%rȆzdu *{Eacf ⋈N`zݽbƯNk~Sa:4/l}M^H0))iP'fqx$+)pп%)d(1λ%'Sl}x6frizLMx֙hH2P$]l=-D#O{;GB@"t`7YHG7"d]H;Rǹx10a}@3N>)PQ =W}?z;_Y.@m~[כSw_]wFAVWɱyntmOn# !XXM  X SUMMARY_ԀOFEPASAPPROACHTOTHENOxSIPCALLINLIGHTOFTHEMARCH3RDCOURTDECISION #XMX! # t -   `  BACKGROUND  InSeptember1998,EPAissuedaruletoreducesmogintheeasternUnitedStates.Therule,knownastheNOxSIPCall,required22statesandtheDistrictofColumbiatoreduceemissionsofnitrogenoxides(NOx),whichreactwithotherchemicalsintheatmospheretoformozone(smog).EPArequiredthesereductionsafterdeterminingthatpollutionfromeachofthesestatesistransportedbythewindandsignificantlycontributestounhealthyairqualityindownwindstates.EPAbelievesthatthesereductionsarecriticaltohelpenablecitiesintheeasternhalfofourcountrytoattainthenationalambientairqualitystandardforozone.  n CURRENTSTATUS  InresponsetolitigationfromseveralpartiesontheNOxSIPCall,theUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitupheldEPAsauthoritytoissuetheNOxSIPCallandtoestablishstate NOxbudgetsthemaximumamountofnitrogenoxidesallowedtobeemittedineachstate(Michiganv.EPA,No.981497  (March3,2000).Inaddition,theCourtupheldtheAgencysdefinitionofhowto  determineifstates significantlycontributetosmogproblemsdownwind.ItalsoupheldEPAsmethodofcalculatingbudgetsbyassumingthesamelevelofcontrolinalltheaffectedstates. AlthoughinMay1999,asaninterimmeasure,theCourtstayedthe f portionoftherulethatrequiredstatestosubmittheirresponsestotheNOxSIPCallbySeptember30,1999,EPAbelievesthestayis_no_Ԁ_longer_ԀjustifiedgiventheMarch3rd F decision.  BasedontheCourtsdecisionandthesignificantpublichealthbenefitsoftheNOxSIPCall,EPAbelievesitisessentialtoimplementthisregionalstrategyasquicklyaspossibleandisinitiatingatwophasedapproachtodoso.Aspartofthisapproach,theDepartmentofJusticeandEPAhaverequestedthattheCourtliftitsstayasofApril27,2000._____  __IftheCourtgrantsEPAsmotion,StateImplementationPlans(SIPs)addressingtheportionoftheNOxSIPCallupheldbytheCourttechnicallywouldbeduetoEPAimmediately.However,EPArecognizesthatthelitigationmayhavecausedsomestatestogetofftrackindevelopingtheirSIPs.Therefore,EPAwouldallowstatesuntilSeptember1,2000tosubmitSIPsbeforetakingfurtheractionstoensureimplementationoftheNOxSIPCall.September1,2000providesstateswiththeadditionalfourmonthsandfivedaysthattheyhadremainingontheSIPsubmissionscheduleatthetimetheCourtputthestayinplace.Thisdatewillgivestatestheadditionaltime,yetitwillnotjeopardizethepublichealthbenefitsachievedthroughthereductionofNOxemissionsbyMay1,2003._   `  __ n.,.   Thefirstphaseoftheapproach,whichaddressestheportionoftheNOxSIPCallupheldbytheCourt,willachievethemajorityofthereductionsintheNOxSIPCall.IftheCourtgrantsEPAsrequest,thefollowing19statesandtheDistrictofColumbiawouldneedtosubmitStateImplementationPlans(SIPs)forthisphasebySeptember1,2000:Alabama;Connecticut;Delaware;Illinois;Indiana;Kentucky;Massachusetts;Maryland;Michigan;NorthCarolina;NewJersey;NewYork;Ohio;Pennsylvania;RhodeIsland;SouthCarolina;Tennessee;Virginia;andWestVirginia.Ofthesestates,Massachusetts,NewJersey,ConnecticutandRhodeIslandhavealreadysubmittedplanstomeettheNOxSIPCall.TheotheraffectedstatesshouldmoveforwardtoprepareplansonallaspectsoftheNOxSIPCallthattheCourtupheld.  Inthedecision,theCourtalsoremandedlimitedpartsoftheruletoEPAforfurtherrulemaking.ThesecondphasewilladdressthefewnarrowissuesthattheCourtremandedtoEPA,including:whether,andifso,how,asmallsubclassoffacilitiesthatgenerateelectricityshouldbeincludedintherule;whatcontrollevelsshouldbeassumedforlarge,stationaryinternalcombustionengines;andwhatbudgetisappropriateforMissouriandforGeorgia.Forthesecondphase,EPAintendstoissueaproposedruleaddressingtheremandedissueslaterthisspring.Generally,anychangesresultingfromthissecondphasewouldhaveasmallimpactontheoverallNOxbudgetforanyparticularstate.StateswillhavetosubmitPhase2plansnoearlierthanDecember2000.   `     h      p   WhilenopetitionersraisedtheissueofincludingtheentirestatesofAlabamaandMichiganintheNOxSIPCall,theCourtsreasoningregardingGeorgiaandMissouriappliesequallytoAlabamaandMichigan.LikeGeorgiaandMissouri,AlabamaandMichiganhavebotha finegridanda coarsegridportionofthestateaclassificationestablishedaspartofatwoyear,multistateprocesstoreducesmoglevelsacrosstheeasternUnitedStates.Therefore,basedontheinformationintherecord,EPAhascalculatedaNOxbudgetforAlabamaandMichiganthatreflectsreductionsonlyinthefinegridportionsofthesestates.EPAintendstoproposethatAlabamaandMichiganwouldmeettheirPhase1requirementiftheysubmittedplansmeetingthesemodifiedbudgets.  EPAexpectsthatstateswillmovequicklytodevelopandsubmitaSIPtotheAgencybySeptember1,2000.TheCleanAirActrequiresEPAtoissueafederalplanincaseswhereEPAdeterminesthatstatesfailtomakerequiredsubmissions.EPAproposedafederalplanatthetimeweissuedtheNOxSIPCallinSeptember1998.EPAhopestoavoidissuinganyfederalplansfortheNOxSIPCallandstandsreadytoassiststatesastheypreparetheirstateplans.________   ` NOx_Budget `     h      p     _ '%(   ANOxbudgetisthemaximumamountofnitrogenoxidesallowedtobeemittedineachstateaffectedbytheNOxSIPCall.StateshaveflexibilityinchoosinghowtoachievetheNOxreductionsneededtomeetthebudget.TheexistingrecordintheNOxSIPCallrulemakingprovidesasufficientbreakdownofthedataonwhichtheoriginalbudgetsweredevelopedtoallowstatestoreadilyadjusttheirSIPsubmissionstoaccountfortheissuesremandedbytheCourt.InlightoftheCourtdecision,EPA h.,/ p  k   hasreviewedtherecordandfortheconvenienceofthestates,identifiedinTable1anadjustedPhase_1_ԀNOxbudgetforeachstatethatneedstosubmitaPhase_1_Ԁplan. In H addition,Table2providesacomparisonoftheNOxreductionsundertheoriginalNOxSIPCalltothoseunderthePhase1budgets.EPAstaffwillbeavailabletoprovideadditionaldetailsaboutthecalculationsofthesebudgets.  Compliancedate    SourcesthatstateschoosetoregulateinthefirstphasemustcomplywiththeircontrolrequirementsbyMay1,2003.ThiswillprovidesourcesadequatetimetoinstalltheappropriatepollutioncontroldevicesbyMay1,2003.Totheextentthatstateschoosetoregulatepowerplants,EPAhasconfirmedthatachievingthesereductionsby2003isfeasiblewithoutendangeringthereliabilityoftheelectricpowersupply.Over40%ofthepowerplantsthatstatescouldchoosetoregulateundertheNOxSIPCallarealreadyrequiredtoreduceNOxemissionsasaresultofEPAsrecentactiononpetitionssubmittedbyConnecticut,Massachusetts,NewYorkandPennsylvaniatoreduceairpollutionfromupwindsources.Powerplantswillhavesufficienttimesothattheywillnothavetoinstallcontrolsduringthepeakusageseasons.Manyofthepollutioncontroldevicescanbebuiltnexttotheboiler,andthenconnectedtotheboilerduringroutinemaintenanceoutages.EPAsanalysis,whichisincludedintherecordfortheNOxSIPCall,confirmsthateventhemostcomplicatedinstallationofpollutioncontroltechnologyforasingleplantnotcoveredbytherecentEPAactiononthestatepetitionscanoccurinlessthan28_months.Inaddition,theNOxSIPCallprovidesextraassurancethattherewillnotbereliabilityproblemsbyallowingstatestoadoptaComplianceSupplementPool.___PETITIONSFROMNORTHEASTERNSTATES  Undersection126oftheCleanAirAct,EPAisalsoaddressingregionaltransportofsmoginresponsetopetitionssubmittedbyfourNortheasternStates.InourJanuary18,2000response,EPAdeterminedthatNOxemissionsfromlargeelectricgeneratingunitsandlargeindustrialboilersandturbinesin12statesandtheDistrictofColumbiaarecontributingtoozonenonattainmentproblemsinthepetitioningstates.TheEPAestablishedFederalemissioncontrolrequirementsforthesesourceswithacompliancedeadlineofMay1,2003.Asaresult,somesourceshavealreadybegunplanningonhowtomeettheemissionslimitsbythe2003ozoneseason.  TheEPArulerespondingtothepetitionsandtheNOxSIPCallhavethesamegoaltoreduceNOxemissionsthatcausedownwindozoneproblems.IfastatesubmitsandEPAapprovesaSIPrevisionmeetingalltherequirementsofbothphasesoftheNOxSIPCall(includingprovidingforcontrolmeasurestobeinplaceby2003),thenEPAwillwithdrawtheFederalrequirementsforsourcesinthatstatesubjecttoEPAsrulerespondingtothesection126petitions.Thus,throughtimelyaction,stateswillhaveflexibilitytoaddresstransportthroughadifferentcontrolstrategythanEPAisrequiringunderthesection126_rule.  +@), __8X  DTABLE1:NOxBUDGETS XXM(totalamountofNOxastatecanemittocomplywithPhase1)#XMX ,#  X *'X(ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,v dd ,dd ,dd +   H  XXMState 'T 'NOxBudgetUnderSIPCall(Tons) 'v3 'NOxBudgetUnderPhase1*(Tons) v3 Alabama* H> | XA172619PXAH_172,619 {q<|3P XA172619 XA eA183473PeA{183,473 H><| 3P eA183473 eA HConnecticut G= 2   @42849P @G42,849 VL;2 3P  @42849  @ PVAlreadysubmitted $2 3P $Delaware G= 8  @S@22861P@S@G22,861 yo;83P @S@22861 @S@ @23522P@y23,522 G=;83P @23522 @ GDistrictofColumbia F<   @6658P@F6,658 wm: 3P @6658 @ @6658P@w6,658 F<: 3P @6658 @ FGeorgia H> L  A188572PAH188,572 WM<L 3P A188572 A PWN/A $L 3P $Illinois H>  R  A270560PAH270,560 {q< R 3P A270560 A A278146PA{278,146 H>< R 3P A278146 A HIndiana H>   h A229965Ph AH229,965 {q< 3P h A229965 h A  A234625P A{234,625 H>< 3P  A234625  A HKentucky H> f  A162272PAH162,272 {q<f 3P A162272 A &A165075P&A{165,075 H><f 3P &A165075 &A HMaryland G= l @81898P@G81,898 yo;l 3P @81898 @ p2@82727Pp2@y82,727 G=;l!3P p2@82727 p2@ GMassachusetts G= "" @84848P@G84,848 VL;"#3P @84848 @ PVAlreadysubmitted $"$3P $Michigan* H> (% 0 A229702P0 AH229,702 {q<(&3P 0 A229702 0 A hV A232141PhV A{232,141 H><('3P hV A232141 hV A HMissouri H> ( 0@125603P0@H125,603 WM<)3P 0@125603 0@ PWN/A $*3P $NewJersey G= <+ @96876P@G96,876 VL;<,3P @96876 @ PVAlreadysubmitted $<-3P $NewYork H> B. U A240288PU AH240,288 {q<B/3P U A240288 U A  A241981P A{241,981 H><B03P  A241981  A HNorthCarolina H> 1 $A165022P$AH165,022 {q<23P $A165022 $A  A171332P A{171,332 H><33P  A171332  A HOhio H> V4 mA249274PmAH249,274 {q<V53P mA249274 mA A252282PA{252,282 H><V63P A252282 A HPennsylvania H> \7 qA257592PqAH257,592 {q<\83P qA257592 qA ]A268158P]A{268,158 H><\93P ]A268158 ]A HRhodeIsland F< : Q@9378PQ@F9,378 UK:;3P Q@9378 Q@ PUAlreadysubmitted $<3P $SouthCarolina H> p= @123105P@H123,105 {q<p>3P @123105 @ 0@127756P0@{127,756 H><p?3P 0@127756 0@ HTennessee H> v@ ,A198045P,AH198,045 {q<vA3P ,A198045 ,A XA201163PXA{201,163 H><vB3P XA201163 XA HVirginia H> ,!C A180195PAH180,195 {q<,!D3P A180195 A A186689PA{186,689 H><,!E3P A186689 A HWestVirginia G= "2 F w@83833Pw@G83,833_ yo;"2 G3P w@83833 w@ P@85045PP@y85,045 G=;"2 H3P P@85045 P@ GWisconsin H> #!I ؒA135771PؒAH_135,771_ WM<#!J3P ؒA135771 ؒA PWN/A(#!K3P  (#XMX y.#%XMXXXM% X%XMNOTES:ConsistentwiththeCourtsopinion,thePhase1NOxbudgetsreflectcontrolsonelectricity $"K generatingunitssubjecttotheacidrainprogram;largeboilersandturbines;andcementkilns .ThePhase %T#L 1NOxbudgetsdonotreflectcontrolson#  %G#%  Ԁinternalcombustionengines.StateswithN/Aunderbudget v&$M requirementsdonothavetosubmitPhase1SIPs,eitherbecausetheyalreadyhavesubmittedplans,orbecause(forGA,MOandWI)thecourtvacatedtheruleforthatstate.*EPAintendstoproposethatMichiganandAlabamawouldmeettheirPhase1NOxSIPCallbudgetrequirementiftheysubmittedplansmeetingNOxemissionbudgetsof191,941and124,795tonsrespectively.AlthoughtheCourtdidnotorderEPAtomodifybudgetsforthesestates,EPAbelievesthisapproachisconsistentwiththeCourtsMarch3,2000opinionconcerningGeorgiaandMissouri.Thesebudgetswouldresultinreductionsof53,988tonsforMichiganand44,361tonsforAlabama.#  %I#%   ,n*U  D   X    #%XMX %H##XMXX%XML#     TABLE2:NOxREDUCTIONSREQUIRED$X.XXXM H  L e !"#@h3&L0  #XMXX$X.M#ThetablebelowsetsouttheNOxemissionreductionsthateachstatewould ( achievethroughaSIPthatmeetsthePhase1budgets.$X.XXXM(#(# 0  #XMXX$X.N#%XMXXXM% X%XM (#(#  *)4*Sddv dd v dd dd 'X((#(#,( ,F , ,r( +  6,  (6State#  %gO##XMX O#%XMXXXM% X%XM  #  %GQ##XMX fQ# XXM%  #  %Q##XMX Q#%XMXXXM% X%XM MX>) F CC MNOxReductions#  %kR#%  #%XMX %R#% X%XM   UnderSIPCall#%XMX %iS##XMXX%XM'S# XXM%   |  (Tons)#%XMX %S##XMXX%XMT#%XMXXXM% X%XM \XM8 F 3 CCX \NOxReductions#%XMX %T#% X%XM#  %T#%     UnderPhase1*#%XMX %[U##XMXX%XMU#%XMXXXM% X%XM |  (Tons)#  %%V##XMX DV# XXM%   \XM8 F3 CCX \#  %V#%  #%XMX %V#% X%XMPercentage  #%XMX %W#% X%XM#  %W#%  oforiginalSIP#  %fX##XMX $X# XXM%   | CallReductions#%XMX %X##XMXX%XMX#%XMXXXM% X%XM cXVC" 3   (  X 4(c#  %Y#%  #%XMX %Y#% X%XM 9XX*}X 9#%XMX %Z#% X%XM#  %HZ#%   ?XX0}XX ?#  %G[#%  #%XMX %[#% X%XM EXX6!}XX E#%XMX % \#% X%XM#  %[#%   WXJ,} ( 4 XX 4(WAlabama* oXX`' X /$4@ 64953.6295/$4@o64,954 XXO 3 /$4@ 64953.6295 /$4@XX j@54100j@54,100 XXyJ 3 j@54100 j@XX  @@9!?83% vXiP 3  @@ ( 4 9!?XX (vConnecticut iXXZ' X @3166@i3,166 iXXZI 3 @3166 @XX i  #%XMX %\#%X%XMAlreadysubmitted#%XMX%p`#% X%XM GXX8' 0XX GA`  N/A XXK- 3 ( XX 4(X9aDelaware hXXY' X H@937H@h937 XXzH 3 H@937 H@XX @q@276@q@276 XXwH 3 @q@276 @q@XX  @@wl?29% {XnP 3  @@ ( 4 wl?XX 4({DistrictofColumbia** [XXL'R !X # [0 oXX`; "3 # XX # o0 [XXL; #3 # XX [N/A ]XP2 $3 ( 4 XX 4(]Georgia jXX['D %X  @63582 @j63,582 jXX[JD &3  @63582  @XX jN/A GXX8'D '3XX GN/A#  %\#%  #%XMX %`#% X%XM ]XP2D (3 ( 4 XX 4(]Illinois jXX['~6 )X `@98310`@j98,310 XX~J~6 *3 `@98310 `@XX @&@90724@&@90,724 XXyJ~6 +3 @&@90724 @&@XX  @@}5߇?92% {XnP~6 ,3  @@ ( 4 }5߇?XX 4({Indiana rXXc'p(-X 09@ 110689.139096 09@r110,689 XXRp(.3 09@ 110689.139096 09@XX @106029@106,029 XXzKp(/3 @106029 @XX  @@ҁ?96% {XnPp(03  @@ ( 4 ҁ?XX 4({Kentucky qXXb'b1X ⌡kX@ 75142.726941⌡kX@q75,143 XXQb23 ⌡kX@ 75142.726941 ⌡kX@XX @@72340@@72,340 XXyJb33 @@72340 @@XX  @@ٲfr?96% {XnPb43  @@ ( 4 ٲfr?XX 4({Maryland qXXb'T 5X (h@ 21577.627491(h@q21,578 XXQT 63 (h@ 21577.627491 (h@XX @C@20749@C@20,749 XXyJT 73 @C@20749 @C@XX  @@h?96% vXiPT 83  @@ ( 4 h?XX (vMassachusetts pXXa'F9X N@ 2244.152357N@p2,244 pXXaPF:3 N@ 2244.152357 N@XX p#%XMX %f#%X%XMAlreadysubmitted#%XMX%p##XMXX%XMf#%XMXXXM% X%XM GXX8'F;3XX GN/A XXK-F<3 ( XX 4(XMichigan* jXX['8=X @63118@j63,118 XX~J8>3 @63118 @XX @60679@60,679 XXyJ8?3 @60679 @XX  @@- r?96% {XnP8@3  @@ ( 4 - r?XX 4({Missouri qXXb'*AX 4IId@ 62242.3088734IId@q62,242 qXXbQ*B3 4IId@ 62242.308873 4IId@XX qN/A GXX8'*C3XX GN/A#  %dq#$ #$X.X$q# ]XP2*D3 ( 4 XX 4(]$X$X.# $u#NewJersey pXXa'EX ?8@ 8613.020484?8@p8,613$ #$X.X$[v# pXXaPF3 ?8@ 8613.020484 ?8@XX p#XMXX$X.w#%XMXXXM%X%XMAlreadysubmitted#%XMX%x##XMXX%XMw#%XMXXXM% X%XM GXX8'G3XX GN/A ]XP2H3 ( 4 XX 4(]NewYork jXX['IX @15365@j15,365 XX~JJ3 @15365 @XX @13672@13,672 XXyJK3 @13672 @XX  @@ I`I\y?89% {XnPL3  @@ ( 4  I`I\y?XX 4({NorthCarolina qXXb'MX [XR#@ 59674.573286[XR#@q59,675 XXQN3 [XR#@ 59674.573286 [XR#@XX @53365@53,365 XXyJO3 @53365 @XX  @@M5՝?89%#%XMX %x# {XnPP3  @@ ( 4 M5՝?XX 4({% X%XMOhio rXXc'QX &B@ 123948.922331 &B@r123,949 XXRR3 &B@ 123948.922331 &B@XX І@120941І@120,941 XXzKS3 І@120941 І@XX  @@­; S?98%#%XMX %}# {XnPT3  @@ ( 4 ­; S?XX 4({% X%XMPennsylvania qXXb'UX ^ %c@ 87608.571545^ %c@q87,609 XXQV3 ^ %c@ 87608.571545 ^ %c@XX 0@770430@77,043#%XMX %'# XXyJW3 0@77043 0@XX  @@! $?% X%XM88% {XnPX3  @@ ( 4 ! $?XX 4({RhodeIsland nXX_'YX 6U@ 84.8593116U@n85 nXX_NZ3 6U@ 84.859311 6U@XX n#%XMX %#%X%XMAlreadysubmitted#%ކx#%#%XMX%޸#% X%XM GXX8'[3XX GN/A ]XP2\3 ( 4 XX 4(]SouthCarolina oXX`']X &S@ 29700.1097&S@o29,700 XXO^3 &S@ 29700.1097 &S@XX @v@25049@v@25,049 XXyJ_3 @v@25049 @v@XX  @@OC?84% {XnP`3  @@ ( 4 OC?XX 4({Tennessee qXXb'raX $w@ 58719.906063$w@q58,720 XXQrb3 $w@ 58719.906063 $w@XX @&@55602@&@55,602 XXyJrc3 @&@55602 @&@XX  @@3eM?95% {XnPrd3  @@ ( 4 3eM?XX 4({Virginia qXXb'deX RF@ 30589.098814RF@q30,589 XXQdf3 RF@ 30589.098814 RF@XX @24095@24,095 XXyJdg3 @24095 @XX  @@\}[4?79% {XnPdh3  @@ ( 4 \}[4?XX 4({WestVirginia qXXb'ViX *@ 92865.803466*@q92,866 XXQVj3 *@ 92865.803466 *@XX ``@91654``@91,654 XXyJVk3 ``@91654 ``@XX  @@o']Q?99% {XnPVl3  @@ ( 4 o']Q?XX 4({Wisconsin jXX[' HmX @38463@j38,463 jXX[J Hn3 @38463 @XX jN/A GXX8' Ho3XX GN/A#  % #%  B86 Hp3 ( 4  XX B#  %#%  NOTES:ConsistentwiththeCourtsopinion,thePhase1NOxbudgetsreflectcontrolsonelectricity Z!p generatingunitssubjecttotheacidrainprogram;largeboilersandturbines;andcementkilns .ThePhase $"q 1NOxbudgetsdonotreflectcontrolson#  %t#%  Ԁinternalcombustionengines.StateswithN/Aunderbudget "r requirementsdonothavetosubmitPhase1SIPs,eitherbecausetheyalreadyhavesubmittedplans,orbecause(forGA,MOandWI)thecourtvacatedtheruleforthatstate.*EPAintendstoproposethatMichiganandAlabamawouldmeettheirPhase1NOxSIPCallbudgetrequirementiftheysubmittedplansmeetingNOxemissionbudgetsof191,941and124,795tonsrespectively.AlthoughtheCourtdidnotorderEPAtomodifybudgetsforthesestates,EPAbelievesthisapproachisconsistentwiththeCourtsMarch3,2000opinionconcerningGeorgiaandMissouri.Thesebudgetswouldresultinreductionsof53,988tonsforMichiganand44,361tonsforAlabama.#  %ߐ#%   >)%z 0  #%XMX %M#  (#(#  % X%XM#  % #**Notprojectedtoneedadditionalreductions.$ #$X.X$#$X$X. *'| #$X.X$;##XMXX$X.#  Q+D)~ _8H _ XXM#XMX <#