Summary


                          Title VII - Enforcement


   *  ENHANCES ENFORCEABILITY: Makes the CAA more easily enforceable
      and consistent with recent environmental statutes, like the
      Clean Water Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery
      Act. A broad array of new enforcement authorities, from
      "traffic tickets" to criminal felonies, are provided to better
      match the penalty to the severity of the violation. However,
      some changes also limit enforcement in new ways.


   *  VIOLATIONS: Criminal violations are upgraded from misdemeanors
      to felonies, consistent with other environmental statutes.


   *  NEW CRIMINAL SANCTIONS: Will be added for knowing endangerment
      and negligent endangerment in connection with air toxics.


   *  PENALTIES: EPA may issue administrative penalty orders up to
      $200,000 and field citations for minor violations up to
      $5,000, rather than taking every violation to court. EPA may
      issue administrative subpoenas. Sources may challenge
      assessments in administrative hearings and District Court.


   *  SCOPE: Duration and scope of emergency orders are expanded.
      Authority to issue administrative compliance orders to sources
      is expanded to authorize schedules of up to 1 year.


   *  RESTRICTIONS: Definitions of the terms "operator" and
      "person", which immunize many potential violators from
      enforcement, are restricted.


   *  CITIZEN SUIT: Provisions are revised to allow courts to assess
      penalties as well as enjoin violations. The money will go to
      a special U.S. Treasury fund. Money may be designated for air
      compliance activities, or mitigation projects. District Courts
      are given jurisdiction over suits against EPA for unreasonable
      delay.


   *  OVERSIGHT: Effective federal oversight of citizen suits is
      provided through additional notification requirements.


   *  PUNISHMENT: The ability to prove and adequately punish ongoing
      and recurring violations is strengthened because the burden of
      proof is on the defendant for the purpose of determining
      penalty liability once the government shows that a violation
      has occurred. Once a violation has been proven, any credible
      evidence is admissible to show that the violation continued.


   *  CONTRACTORS: Listing authority (by which violators are barred
      from receiving government contracts, grants and loans) is
      revised so that all criminal convictions result in debarment.
      EPA is not explicitly allowed to use contractors for
      inspection purposes.