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Tools
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Industrial Waste Evaluation Model (IWEM)
The IWEM software is designed to assist individuals in determining the most appropriate waste management unit design to minimize or avoid adverse ground water impacts, by evaluating types of liners, the hydrogeologic conditions of the site, and the toxicity and expected leachate concentrations of the anticipated waste constituents.
BEES 4.0 (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) 
A software tool for selecting cost-effective, environmentally preferable building products.
Palate (Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects)
A computer-based decision support tool to model economic costs and environmental effects of using traditional highway materials and recycled materials for highway applications. Audience: Pavement designers and engineers, transportation agency decision-makers, civil engineers, and researchers.
WaRM (Waste Reduction Model)
Created by EPA to help solid waste planners and organizations estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from several different waste management practices. WaRM is available in a web-based calculator format and as a Microsoft Excel© spreadsheet.
Slag Cement and Life Cycle Prediction Models (PDF) (2 pp, 106K)
A life cycle assessment by the Slag Cement Association for concrete with slag cement used as a partial replacement for Portland cement.
By-products and Recycled Materials in Earth Structures: Materials and Applications (PDF) (101 pp, 4.3MB)
Finnish model is a study assessing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag used in sub-base for roadways.
Steelmaking Slag: A Safe and Valuable Product, November 1998
A report prepared by Collier, Shannon, Rill & Scott, PPLC on behalf of the Steel Slag Coalition that considers the importance of steelmaking slag as a product and provides an overview of the regulatory status of steelmaking slag in the United States. In addition, the risk assessment process and results are summarized.
Waste and Materials-Flow Benchmark Sector Report: Beneficial Use of Secondary Materials – Coal Combustion Products (PDF) (95 pp, 558K)
EPA funded the development of the benchmark sector report to look at the costs and benefits of recycling coal combustion products. The purpose of this report is to provide an initial assessment of the market dynamics that affect the generation, disposal, recovery, and beneficial use of these materials; and to provide a preliminary life cycle analysis of the beneficial impact of these materials.
