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| Residential Low Impact Development Tools |
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About PDF Files...
Many of the documents listed on this site are PDF files. Viewing a PDF file requires use of Adobe's free Acrobat Reader software. *EPA's PDF page provides information on downloading the software.
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Street Design
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- Street Storage Factsheet
(*PDF, 366 kb)
- reduce the rate of runoff entering combined sewer systems using street storage and catch basin modifications - Two case studies in Illinois
- Street Storage System for Control of Combined Sewer Surcharge: Retrofitting Stormwater Storage into Combined Sewer Systems
- Street Storage System for Control of Combined Sewer Surcharge: Retrofitting Stormwater Storage into Combined Sewer Systems Project description and documents of two case-studies in Illinois used to delay storm runoff into CSS. The premise was accepting the full volume of stormwater runoff into the sewer system but greatly reducing the peak rate of entry of stormwater into the system. System components include street berms, flow regulators, surface and subsurface stormwater storage sites.
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- City of Portland, OR, Livable Streets Program
- City of Portland Metro has published three handbooks that provide practical step-by-step methods for designing safe and healthy city streets. Handbooks are 11 inches wide by 8 1/2 inches tall in size, with soft covers and spiral bindings. Single copies of the handbooks are free (including shipping) to residents of the Metro region; there is a charge for multiple copies. Handbooks are for sale to residents outside the Metro region. Titles: Creating Livable Streets: Street Design Guidelines for 2040 (second edition), Green Streets: Innovative Solutions for Stormwater and Stream Crossings, Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide.
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Lot Layout & Design
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- Roof Gardens (*PDF, 149 kb)
- Case study in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on vegetated roofs. The study demonstrates the use of a vegetated roof to reduce runoff, conserve energy and improve community aesthetics. Includes design information and monitoring data.
- Parking Lot (*PDF, 65 kb)
- A fact sheet illustrating a case study conducted by the City of Olympia on permeable and other alternative pavement surfaces. The study demonstrates the potential of alternative pavement systems to reduce stormwater runoff and provide water quality and cost savings benefits.
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- A fact sheet on bioretention, or rain gardens (*PDF, 133 kb)
- Two case studies (in Largo, Maryland, and Tampa, Florida) demonstrate the potential to use low impact development practices in the design of new parking facilities and as retrofits for existing parking facilities to reduce runoff volume and remove pollutants. Includes monitoring data.
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Site Planning
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- Low Impact Development Urban Design Tools
- The LID Center, Inc., site provides design specifications, technical diagrams, and cost-sheets for LID techniques including bioretention, green roofs, permeable pavements, rain barrels and cisterns, soil amendments, and tree box filters. These tools and techniques may be used to meet regulatory and receiving water protection program goals for urban retrofits, re-development projects, and new development sites. The site has been developed through a Cooperative Assistance Agreement under the US EPA Office of Water 104b(3) Program in order to provide guidance to local governments, planners, and engineers for developing, administering, and incorporating Low Impact Development (LID) into their water resource protection programs.
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Interactive Design for LID Techniques
- Interactive Design Page for LID techniques where the user can read about specific design concerns and caveats, download detailed specifications, determine a construction schedule, and understand the maintenance and cost requirements site planning tools.
- LID Integrated Management Practices (IMP) Standards & Specifications
- Standards and Specifications for four LID Integrated Management Practices 1) Bioretention cells, 2) Bioretention swales, 3) Permeable Pavement Blocks, 4) Soil Amendments. The standards are written using AASHTO and ASTE criteria where possible, for ease of standardization.
- LID Planning Process for Urban Areas
- A handbook for urban planners and landscape architects to use to develop LID master plans and assess the feasibility of using LID’s multifunctional landscape for not only environmental protection and restoration, but community development. site planning tools currently unavailable (HTML format)
- Builder's Guide to Low Impact Development (*PDF, 91kb)
- Outreach brochure pitched at the introductory level focusing on basic principles of LID design as well as cost-benefit approach of using LID elements in site-planning Low-Impact Development Center
- Site Planning for Urban Stream Protection
Center for Watershed Protection
- The document presents a watershed approach to site planning, examining new ways to reduce pollutant loads and protect aquatic resources through non-structural practices and improved construction site planning. Provides insight into the importance of imperviousness, watershed-based zoning, the concentration of development, headwater streets, stream buffers, green parking lots, and other land planning topics.
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- Innovative Urban Wet-Weather Flow Management Systems
- This manual provides a conceptual history of water in the urban environment, then, describes innovative methods to develop improved wet weather flow management systems for urban developments of the 21st century.
- National Stormwater Best Management Practices Database
- This interactive database provides access to BMP performance data in a standardized format for over 190 BMP studies conducted over the past fifteen years. Data when available is presented on the efficiency of pollutant removal.
- Environmental Center of the Rockies Demonstration Project
- Interactive Public Demonstration and Research Project on the Impact of parking lots, landscaping and design on water quality.
- CA Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP)
- Handbooks from the state of California Includes residential, municipal, industrial and other non-residential applications, and BMPs for preventing pollution from urban areas.
- City of Portland, OR - Stormwater Management Manual 2002
- The manual provides developers and design professionals with requirements for reducing the impacts of stormwater runoff quantity and pollution resulting from new development and redevelopment within the City of Portland (both public and private are addressed).
- Low-Impact Development Pilot Projects (*PDF, 19 kb)
- A fact sheet by the Naval District, Washington, containing descriptions of several low impact development practices, including bioretention, permeable pavers, disconnecting impervious surfaces, rain barrels, street tree filters, storm drain inlets and soil amendments. Naval District, Washington
- Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice Manual
- Minnesota's BMP manual provides information on tools and techniques (to assist Twin Cities municipalities and WMOs) to help them guide development and redevelopment. The manual includes detailed information on 40 BMPs that are aimed at managing stormwater pollution for small urban sites in a cold-climate setting. The goal of the manual is to support the principles of accomodating growth while preserving the environment. Clear design guidelines with diagrams are provided for each BMP.
- Natural Approaches to Stormwater Management
- A Web-based display of the Puget Sound Action Teams' study on using LID techniques such as soil amendments and bioretention, harvesting rooftop rainwater, and using permeable pavement to better deal with stormwater, and restore ecological water balances.
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Guidances
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- Stormwater Planning - A Guidebook for British Columbia
- The stormwater planning guidebook — a new tool for local governments — presents a methodology for moving from planning to action that focuses on implementing early action where it is most needed. The guidebook approach is designed to eliminate the root cause of negative ecological and property impacts of stormwater by addressing the spectrum of rainfall events.
- Low-Impact Development Hydrology Analysis (*PDF, 2.0 mb)
- The hydrology supplement to the national low impact development manual provides information on hydrologic analysis procedures for this technology Prince George's County, Maryland, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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Conservation Design for Stormwater Management, Delaware (*PDF, 9.93 mb)
- A conservation design manual that provides guidance on protecting and incorporating natural site features into a site’s land development process and stormwater management plan. Contains guidance on site assessment; design principles, procedures and practices; and case studies.
- Innovative Urban Wet-Weather Flow Management Systems
- This manual provides a conceptual history of water in the urban environment, then, describes innovative methods to develop improved wet weather flow management systems for urban developments of the 21st century.
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- Low Impact Development Design Strategies, Prince George's County, MD (*PDF, 8.61 mb)
- The national low impact development manual presents goals and principles for this technology, and guidance on site planning, design practices, erosion and sediment control considerations, maintenance needs, and techniques for public outreach.
- Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice Manual
- The Minnesota BMP manual provides information on tools and techniques (to assist Twin Cities municipalities and WMOs) to help them guide development and redevelopment. The manual includes detailed information on 40 BMPs that are aimed at managing stormwater pollution for small urban sites in a cold-climate setting. The goal of the manual is to support the principles of accomodating growth while preserving the environment. Clear design guidelines with diagrams are provided for each BMP.
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