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Social Vulnerability Report

Three picture collage: smokestacks, flooded street, and construction worker.

Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States: A Focus on Six Impacts

Climate change affects all Americans—regardless of socioeconomic status—and many impacts are projected to worsen. But individuals will not equally experience these changes. This report  improves our understanding of the degree to which four socially vulnerable populations— defined based on income, educational attainment, race and ethnicity, and age (Table 1)—may be more exposed to the highest impacts of climate change. Understanding the comparative risks to vulnerable populations is critical for developing effective and equitable strategies for responding to climate change.

Recommended citation:

EPA. 2021. Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States: A Focus on Six Impacts. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-21-003.

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Climate Change Impacts and Risk Analysis

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Last updated on March 24, 2025
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