This document summarizes the process which utilized EPA's laboratory engine and chassis dynamometer test data to generate a full engine fuel consumption map for the Ford EcoBoost downsized turbocharged 1.6L engine from the 2013 Ford Escape tested on LEV III fuel. The generated full engine map defines the complete operating boundaries of the engine which are needed for ALPHA modeling including idle, WOT, minimum torque, and maximum speed.
SUGGESTED CITATION:
2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine LEV III Fuel - ALPHA Map Package. Version 2018-10. Ann Arbor MI: US EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, National Center for Advanced Technology, 2018.
Engine Physical Characteristics
Set physical characteristics based on published information: 2013 Ford Escape. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2012, from http://www.ford.com/suvs/escape/specifications/engine/.
engine.name = '2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine LEV III Fuel';
engine.combustion_type = enum_engine_combustion_type.spark_ignition;
engine.displacement_L = 1.596;
engine.num_cylinders = 4;
engine.bore_mm = 79.0;
engine.stroke_mm = 81.4;
Test Data
Import EPA engine dynamameter test data from: "2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel - Test Data Package. Version 2018-10. Ann Arbor, MI: US EPA, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, National Center for Advanced Technology, 2018."
test_data = readtable2( '4- 2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine LEV III Fuel - Test Data.xlsx','Sheet','Steady State','VariableNamesRange',4,'VariableUnitsRange',5,'DataRange',6); ss_test_data.name = 'Steady State Test Data'; ss_test_data.speed_rpm = test_data.Speed; ss_test_data.torque_Nm = test_data.Torque; ss_test_data.fuel_gps = test_data.FuelMeterFlow; ss_test_data.manifold_press_kPaA = test_data.IntakeManifoldPress; test_data = readtable2( '4- 2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine LEV III Fuel - Test Data.xlsx','Sheet','High Load Initial','VariableNamesRange',4,'VariableUnitsRange',5,'DataRange',6); hl_test_data.name = 'High Load Test Data'; hl_test_data.speed_rpm = test_data.Speed; hl_test_data.torque_Nm = test_data.Torque; hl_test_data.fuel_gps = test_data.InjectorFuelFlow;
Additional Fueling Data
Add estimated fueling points to approximate the high power portion of the map which were not available in the test data.
est_data.name = 'Estimated High Load Points';
est_data.speed_rpm = [ 3500, 2200, 5000, 5000, 5000];
est_data.torque_Nm = [ 235, 240, 220, 20, 145];
est_data.bsfc_gpkWhr = [ 300, 290, 340, 560, 290];
Maximum Torque (WOT) Curve Data
Estimate curve from rated torque and power points from: 2013 Ford Escape. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2012, from http://www.ford.com/suvs/escape/specifications/engine/.
WOT_data.speed_rpm = [ 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 2700, 3700, 4700, 5700]'; WOT_data.torque_Nm = [ 132, 200, 240, 250, 250, 244, 232, 216]';
Minimum Torque (Zero Accelerator Pedal) Curve Data
Use zero pedal test data points provided in the Engine Test Data package referenced above; no additional inputs are necessary.
Fuel Properties
Load fuel properties provided in the FTAG report identified in the Engine Test Data package referenced above.
%Load from fuel database engine.fuel = class_REVS_fuel('FTAG 24670'); disp(engine.fuel);
class_REVS_fuel with properties:
id: 'FTAG 24670'
description: 'LEV III Regular'
density_kgpL_15C: 0.74818
energy_density_MJpkg: 41.824
carbon_weight_fraction: 0.8265
anti_knock_index: 88.425
research_octane_number: 92.3
motor_octane_number: 84.5
alcohol_pct_vol: 9.34
gCO2pgal: 8577.1
energy_density_BTUplbm: 17981
specific_gravity: 0.7489
Idle Speed
Set idle speed using EPA chassis dynamometer test data for the 2013 Ford Escape; EPA published report pending.
engine.idle_speed_radps = class_REVS_dynamic_lookup;
engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.signal = 'veh_spd_mps';
engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.breakpoints = [0,10,20];
engine.idle_speed_radps.table = [685,685,700] * convert.rpm2radps;
Engine Build for Simulation in ALPHA
Construct the ALPHA engine, combining all of the above inputs. Fit the fueling data onto a grid for simple interpolation and establish points that represent the maximum and minimum engine torque versus speed. Confirm the quality of fit between the input data and the resulting engine description by examining the resulting plots.
engine = REVS_build_engine(engine, {ss_test_data, hl_test_data, est_data} ,'WOT',WOT_data, 'plot_bsfc','plot_efficiency');
Fuel Map Linearity
Confirm expected trends in output fuel map, specifically in regions where test data is unavailable.
REVS_plot_engine_fuel_linearity(engine)
Model Calibration Options
Calibrate additional properties of the ALPHA engine model which can be set to match observed behaviors during the validation process.
Note: Default values are used unless properties are specified below, which are derived from the composite set of EPA testing and model validation activities.
Accelerator Pedal Mapping
Set pedal mapping type to map engine power to increase linearly with accelerator pedal position.
engine.pedal_map_type = enum_engine_pedal_map_type.max_engine_power;
File Description
Generate and write the created ALPHA engine definition into a file for later simulation.
write_REVS_engine('engine_2013_Ford_EcoBoost_1L6_LEVIII.m', engine);
Engine Build: engine_2013_Ford_EcoBoost_1L6_LEVIII.m
% ALPHA ENGINE DEFINITION % Generated 22-Oct-2018 14:22:10 % Constructor engine = class_REVS_engine(); engine.name = '2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine LEV III Fuel'; engine.source_filename = mfilename;engine.matrix_vintage = enum_matrix_vintage.present; % Physical Description engine.displacement_L = 1.596; engine.num_cylinders = 4; engine.combustion_type = enum_engine_combustion_type.spark_ignition; engine.bore_mm = 79; engine.stroke_mm = 81.4; % Maximum Torque Curve engine.full_throttle_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 104.71975511965977 ; 157.39379194484866 ; 209.43951023931953 ; 261.79938779914943 ; 387.46309394274112 ; 492.18284906240092 ; 596.90260418206071 ; 626.74773439116382 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.full_throttle_torque_Nm = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 132.00000000000000 ; 200.38999999999999 ; 240.00000000000000 ; 250.00000000000000 ; 244.00000000000000 ; 232.00000000000000 ; 216.00000000000000 ; 185.14285714285714 ; 0.00000000000000000 ]; engine.naturally_aspirated_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 157.17449818798991 ; 183.35849135116376 ; 287.99472654305259 ; 418.89422214961309 ; 523.60596224816004 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.naturally_aspirated_torque_Nm = [ 62.986648633276005 ; 112.94429205433246 ; 116.27381290800022 ; 119.89219061688610 ; 107.08107060233179 ; 105.97224698219810 ; 101.11210615913893 ]; % Minimum Torque Curve engine.closed_throttle_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 104.82447487477943 ; 157.18435243460931 ; 314.05454560385965 ; 366.51914291880917 ; 471.23889803846896 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.closed_throttle_torque_Nm = [ -12.662655044298369 ; -12.820000000000000 ; -15.359999999999999 ; -17.329999999999998 ; -12.779999999999999 ; -13.369999999999999 ; -13.648222349242639 ]; % Fuel Map engine.fuel_map_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 52.412237437389727 ; 104.82447487477945 ; 120.53243814272838 ; 136.24040141067735 ; 157.17449818798991 ; 183.35849135116376 ; 209.53613801336175 ; 235.59691785240994 ; 261.81796711054164 ; 287.99472654305259 ; 314.17845043369613 ; 340.44392389401389 ; 366.52785715163202 ; 392.71756165550983 ; 418.89422214961309 ; 471.26093017048402 ; 523.60596224816004 ; 590.09941342421348 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.fuel_map_torque_Nm = [ -18.196500000000000 ; -14.379666666666665 ; 1.3291071428571428 ; 11.583749999999998 ; 20.697166666666664 ; 34.566428571428574 ; 44.200000000000003 ; 58.180666666666667 ; 69.855555555555554 ; 80.397142857142853 ; 85.685000000000002 ; 95.381399999999999 ; 104.89690370370371 ; 114.41240740740741 ; 124.47457326892111 ; 134.53673913043480 ; 144.80900000000000 ; 154.05000000000001 ; 166.13954545454544 ; 182.83642857142857 ; 191.86047310685223 ; 200.88451764227585 ; 209.81244557070278 ; 218.74037349912967 ; 228.12018674956482 ; 237.50000000000000 ; 250.00000000000000 ; 262.50000000000000 ]; engine.fuel_map_gps = [ 0.019382682697002791 0.090519645329932549 0.16638432144480728 0.18800123941506836 0.20976671915910058 0.24022223371471865 0.28447897617569973 0.33156477778206567 0.37090661634247912 0.40477449359940593 0.43959068949649843 0.48565931681576413 0.53650739038224382 0.57331298313709012 0.59492961170340741 0.61073550324767167 0.64402609605714045 0.62718362548646978 0.65908795040102952 0.72683470746499690 ; 0.020307172541967761 0.090287125975680643 0.16372887089753752 0.18426618329773287 0.20500400182254958 0.23266288027326110 0.27489188621773275 0.32083815961796236 0.35841067133984722 0.38611789301855937 0.41634688418157328 0.46781059006942699 0.53753415532634519 0.57555534946654363 0.59660976224916662 0.61773782970453917 0.67374184320475439 0.70910746168768235 0.78067327179949564 0.86610006298460351 ; 0.023667809514549016 0.091049986781635159 0.14702012579919382 0.16582270099383922 0.18559478437250529 0.21282625871583602 0.25389027032635475 0.29984080451155931 0.34392132718147772 0.38555679392152009 0.41359228928772407 0.45587600585132926 0.51662749767715022 0.56784396528243097 0.60867061291545232 0.66088230214454480 0.78322440747022093 1.0552060587510022 1.2812558106216132 1.4379682648551853 ; 0.021693239043430793 0.10998931479608964 0.19153775870867845 0.21894021134469571 0.24674319293678301 0.28307231192304427 0.33199120599641663 0.38867013637890374 0.44322478259016995 0.50147862245804731 0.55681176253892661 0.61655101513206301 0.67693909193591140 0.73964641982519597 0.81638533376282896 0.89525295845836661 1.0719747526636942 1.3537651398692605 1.6081206046491749 1.8012169935941738 ; 0.018341342164908951 0.13565516785574425 0.25310814913021307 0.28784100894488962 0.32177872767912180 0.36588881341412383 0.42717473178573451 0.49537532664924594 0.56281654682649696 0.63016945345278352 0.70150935567125894 0.77983384551278179 0.86067638632134746 0.94089628679563542 1.0296619738621580 1.1270269669910817 1.3362829964454819 1.6384275177775707 1.8992192267187717 2.1201547221296329 ; 0.012554138593337224 0.18297396377120714 0.35012301244945954 0.39411381816523100 0.43790402387409372 0.49923298036570912 0.58348624466989429 0.67293188314573626 0.76231782156103611 0.85434277377626566 0.95038574173013257 1.0485239309125856 1.1509909229169053 1.2571080852474628 1.3683516785059315 1.4914351976212532 1.7482594614026374 2.0413428736020660 2.3453814870421179 2.6057741307416191 ; 0.011018572655578858 0.21124964787092135 0.40766290537760358 0.46153614095578743 0.51706187387050262 0.59506926495872647 0.69569910354601994 0.79850786458927470 0.90294795973588460 1.0121231580299068 1.1237051250301964 1.2369568090366025 1.3552779136429032 1.4806929516422960 1.6156233862953604 1.7547683500102673 2.0359448296499414 2.3364726305168517 2.6683233618499491 2.9574033582319625 ; 0.016474485709891819 0.24764894061792486 0.48225697818315016 0.55639830700933823 0.63193941259837483 0.73443527020162280 0.85898154451968256 0.98231281986962360 1.1066421190091311 1.2400119836544945 1.3766313389047458 1.5131866316382949 1.6554547532839514 1.8086741889364979 1.9772401731358897 2.1453771167099056 2.4735215758832125 2.7958644775976325 3.1668135856656234 3.5082728386198978 ; 0.036077239224752450 0.29051415327346430 0.56083685757687229 0.64478703073549426 0.73013247664053538 0.84526046377988984 0.98740921017487182 1.1293973441539411 1.2747097904398859 1.4275048147700029 1.5808563651449079 1.7403262619200710 1.9063964112424834 2.0790275682618899 2.2615948191726982 2.4593361496369113 2.8551018032301063 3.1970731698172004 3.6238936554503867 4.0435963076758386 ; 0.067332452417125571 0.34145464689467797 0.63166440705551874 0.72369668069476523 0.81641072047052055 0.94208226780576587 1.1024867503770837 1.2626729457707204 1.4266818017603706 1.5945315689855573 1.7647104240113323 1.9427176669742563 2.1293423215668166 2.3166359513876915 2.5089111977467669 2.7170481381801475 3.1554130690083473 3.5575645781388037 4.0696466598999441 4.6007555639737046 ; 0.086324818793674166 0.37148872626162888 0.66660978963579087 0.76229539785192879 0.85939522154540748 0.99087751727227069 1.1600400499154824 1.3289400619886631 1.5018508188815072 1.6787551718114797 1.8577812991804468 2.0433773918409255 2.2364398695874455 2.4329686601643594 2.6342698658024468 2.8475338056579029 3.3006681844709198 3.7376106267857137 4.3027992106594022 4.9044338609899949 ; 0.12572201858021123 0.43468336505599836 0.74284823162797220 0.84201062157668616 0.94332209997499894 1.0826205607329868 1.2666299053596801 1.4507741277144406 1.6381872935052797 1.8309617239225817 2.0269886621347277 2.2251879990033103 2.4290188117057552 2.6414510799353361 2.8638566419925326 3.0903873792656467 3.5651882870485276 4.0676438969976969 4.7476393784651663 5.5051559946497459 ; 0.16777575194871683 0.50682242161450564 0.84586572261159765 0.94372200080466329 1.0443380189298732 1.1853398862032589 1.3761984808613421 1.5713262771418406 1.7703593522049574 1.9788525809868982 2.1907728400960327 2.4000669757313373 2.6179052528363296 2.8433478250430397 3.0856586920019056 3.3324211673382771 3.8476607186222287 4.3966495049771606 5.2201038322660489 6.1756087827613602 ; 0.20943037077379212 0.57856512114376868 0.94434052199822727 1.0482019982972883 1.1503707949967641 1.2966160008697176 1.4970537384985183 1.7024513413596261 1.9099706032969030 2.1291425823240231 2.3479013213234472 2.5691909149607444 2.8031161571184655 3.0482382323789645 3.3024799492983399 3.5710312766488985 4.1298600816289914 4.7341068338651384 5.7408754987393156 6.9312470279613843 ; 0.24886103512524410 0.64690063286002442 1.0421655898768578 1.1563846010510761 1.2687944938821039 1.4243530566321709 1.6374519765569129 1.8599045496186624 2.0834033636158447 2.3066537161943188 2.5288284734865361 2.7584539809673658 3.0072230743918813 3.2707126876572574 3.5386760460697113 3.8208980589734782 4.4234782570603803 5.1123154090131058 6.3664219453846806 7.8243863866298646 ; 0.27931984324362791 0.70590507605693731 1.1290711927957475 1.2560864266489169 1.3833490342057653 1.5534289799198924 1.7834453197698246 2.0259073368896847 2.2678620960393845 2.4995285766000768 2.7315578471118895 2.9750736661122898 3.2388460977517699 3.5116800614678469 3.7987450351262013 4.0979107551950316 4.7605398053375563 5.5510828964311365 7.0987037042611867 8.8036131221062739 ; 0.29728406402931817 0.75989495989041644 1.2163225255989891 1.3540609398592081 1.4922385494012145 1.6780303686390197 1.9262917644468693 2.1839285159747424 2.4376853363706998 2.6877725756703654 2.9450109180074033 3.2193662047902842 3.5138937859307826 3.7956360427188107 4.0966664320925066 4.4300573783177857 5.2229849600158085 6.1457922912773268 7.9817912959069819 9.8652953163931478 ; 0.29987918493935006 0.80499068816304553 1.2989116638771099 1.4468186703844650 1.5952012876052757 1.7952510042238004 2.0545594079807574 2.3197206351010657 2.5834842164087028 2.8515490961454883 3.1317617475211375 3.4349977352769216 3.7518115839962096 4.0611513059362068 4.3996828764396128 4.7878571211192478 5.7674878600778454 6.9335920703627387 8.8880208968525114 10.839297425834957 ; 0.27957920064227704 0.85680091770320033 1.4175338778548459 1.5804047843202500 1.7423941220605708 1.9581575832245997 2.2356374186956689 2.5176639387201818 2.7928521555118828 3.0786910208401217 3.3775283481501424 3.7045736373046210 4.0503969525710524 4.4143575841584539 4.8493447930859084 5.3641373928459490 6.6445198510024390 8.1723739598420586 10.188327468111645 12.093602596366333 ; 0.19144822562229166 0.88977262261870438 1.5859861147956738 1.7873579750932418 1.9860953851143182 2.2440976648639150 2.5500443197718186 2.8417035111294275 3.1490146056052479 3.4904756047991059 3.8287122512925933 4.2206461869164897 4.6517783896754858 5.1276162214886076 5.6647194045493281 6.2762765540031982 7.8755495334767547 9.9858608203025057 11.916255763783385 13.613771606387120 ; 0.12434922356094333 0.88198428032528919 1.6447173668348498 1.8737392885514623 2.1021463236414464 2.4023689453847634 2.7559973535284321 3.0710946782147475 3.4070837424263241 3.7794906740005252 4.1666091868394393 4.6027125297884801 5.0766523546589193 5.5687866602931839 6.0771857493923003 6.6460513783665345 8.2623440481039800 10.708598226763881 12.558477263738904 14.264785966668015 ; 0.049614902529371167 0.86501747729803469 1.6870346383688044 1.9390621226687419 2.1931442930305542 2.5366360949708469 2.9718761861402352 3.3695827399685561 3.7591063769665447 4.1232685295044291 4.5217666478830987 4.9725929543219207 5.4873856413502091 6.0156252443797644 6.4571580313430683 6.9415203649005086 8.5248233256752570 11.088288441373985 13.007227347907362 14.820581331789224 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.84332993743885132 1.7215053255165997 1.9877359329254591 2.2547779418430709 2.6124449080753331 3.0652481557294093 3.5364686450462330 3.9998598177064388 4.4522851123072442 4.8387329583336305 5.2680233891563804 5.8053315657164184 6.3499670001989221 6.7844937934454599 7.2278981739478754 8.8134661230073945 11.038595974716575 13.266329666892291 15.272174901129649 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.81749250353617420 1.7501402264436241 2.0279687080127142 2.3051789954424748 2.6734743894754378 3.1355810552964067 3.6178412551857204 4.1266670588027603 4.6483038119895221 5.0838328095046768 5.5284044400971535 6.0662837511117038 6.6037839223575476 7.1144455887299021 7.6459328689980683 9.0973862174546927 10.927500877821711 13.406506101952219 15.625823957255381 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.82113066857213779 1.7753245214891893 2.0689524144891336 2.3617292567669961 2.7503662895019017 3.2350604525836517 3.7272944902737768 4.2559811633535336 4.7742407247926675 5.3029379004913846 5.8257312216303552 6.3663881716063129 6.9157720937650371 7.4765229499022263 8.0613549111133267 9.4007977825295725 10.999738890092056 13.506713269334044 15.898292914860503 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.83025582081658045 1.7995596481401084 2.1135639140305518 2.4274581197410470 2.8465150069906047 3.3760702715674085 3.9182375979054975 4.4655723910943816 5.0010682677359517 5.5508010806010759 6.1112549898425472 6.6796382171660760 7.2542921481879858 7.8379183528278915 8.4381389189171205 9.7177080049954743 11.206684428747588 13.615473243348630 16.089523745523717 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.84040538869279069 1.8409644521791231 2.1840581283089384 2.5311136852721274 2.9956217957030682 3.5814976101305787 4.1710876432326387 4.7544287050100005 5.3322902912022707 5.9120397521802435 6.4992092848761702 7.0945099863876697 7.6909476232957834 8.2946954060710851 8.9042203500023902 10.162571692769113 11.588128180740162 13.807372046705730 16.248695510343509 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.85032294919991325 1.9169520453834381 2.2622171602211756 2.6413603544264950 3.1475956110398529 3.7811314574956971 4.4119996624814988 5.0355369230989995 5.6581690587251501 6.2760100624532793 6.8921193992176306 7.5096689751187915 8.1231183927311879 8.7398221410564982 9.3582862849767778 10.618806910563565 11.999616150759337 14.035134875283902 16.362622435346776 ]; % Fuel Properties engine.fuel = class_REVS_fuel('FTAG 24670'); % Idle Speed engine.idle_speed_radps = class_REVS_dynamic_lookup; engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.signal = 'veh_spd_mps'; engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.breakpoints = [ 0.00000000000000000 10.000000000000000 20.000000000000000 ]; engine.idle_speed_radps.table = [ 71.733032256966936 71.733032256966936 73.303828583761842 ]; % Pedal Calibration engine.pedal_map_type = enum_engine_pedal_map_type.max_engine_power; % Calibration Adjustment Factors % -- None --