Science & Technology

Problem Formulation for Human Health Risk Assessments of Pathogens in Land-Applied Biosolids

This report focuses on the systematic planning step (a “problem formulation,” which defines the major factors to be considered) in risk assessments of pathogens in land applied biosolids.

Designing a Fish and Shellfish Contaminant Monitoring Program

Multi-phase Approach Monitoring Strategy

Target Contaminants

Sampling Times and Frequency

Shellfish Sample Types

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

In the Field - Collecting and Handling Samples

In the Field - Sample Collection

In the Lab - Sample Collection

A History of Land Application as a Treatment Alternative

A history of land application influenced by social concerns, legal issues, and technological developments.

In the Field - Sample Handling

In the Lab - Processing and Analyzing Samples

A Guide for Land Appliers on the Requirements of the Federal Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge, 40 CFR Part 503

Document that explains the federal requirements applicable to land appliers of sewage sludge

Receiving Samples

Processing Samples

In the Lab - Quality Assurance and Quality Control

QA/QC recommendations are intended to provide a uniform performance standard for all analytical protocols used in fish and shellfish contaminant monitoring programs.

Data Verification, Reporting and Validation

The goal of any analytical activity is to obtain the best data for the needs of the project. Data verification, data reporting and data validation are the steps in the process.

Analyzing Data and Calculating the Consumption Limits

Analyzing Data and Determining Health Risk from Fish Consumption

2006 Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey (TNSSS)

Information related to 2006 Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey (TNSSS).

Developing a Fish and/or Shellfish Advisory

Developing a Fish and/or Shellfish Advisory if Needed