Substitutes in Rigid Polyurethane: Marine Flotation Foam
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and UnacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. For more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-program
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
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| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | Flammable | SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status[1] | Further Information |
| Blends of HFC-245fa and HCFC-22 | >0 | N/A | no | August 21, 2003 (pdf) (161 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB) |
Unacceptable as of September 18, 2015. | ||
| Carbon Dioxide | 0 | 1 | no | March 18, 1994; June 8, 1999 (pdf) (143 KB) |
Acceptable | ||
| Electroset Technology | 0 | N/A | N/A | August 26, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | ||
| Exxsol Blowing Agents | Exxsol Blowing Agents | 0 | 5 or less | yes | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| Formacel® TI | Formacel® TI | 0 | 1,330 - 1,500 | no | September 30, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable, except where allowed under narrowed use limits for military or space- and aeronautics-related applications, as of January 1, 2020. Unacceptable for military applications as of January 1, 2022 and for space- and aeronautics-related applications as of January 1, 2025. |
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| Formacel® Z-6 | Formacel® Z-6 | 0 | 370 - 1,290 | N/A [4] | August 10, 2012; July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable, except where allowed under narrowed use limits for military or space- and aeronautics-related applications, as of January 1, 2020. Unacceptable for military applications as of January 1, 2022 and for space- and aeronautics-related applications as of January 1, 2025. |
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| Formic Acid | 0 | 5 or less | yes [2] | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | ||
| HCFC-123 | 0.02 | 77 | no | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | ||
| HCFC-124 | 0.022 | 609 | no | July 22, 2002 (pdf) (218 KB) | Unacceptable | Alternatives exist with lower or zero ODP. | |
| HCFC-141b | 0.12 | 725 | no | September 30, 2004 (pdf) (199 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB) |
Unacceptable | Alternatives exist with lower or zero ODP. | |
| HCFC-141b/HCFC-123 Blends | >0 | N/A | no | July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB) | Unacceptable as of September 18, 2015. | ||
| HCFC-22, HCFC-142b or blends thereof | >0 | N/A | no | July 22, 2002 (pdf) (218 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB) |
Unacceptable | Alternatives exist with lower or zero ODP. | |
| HFC-134a | 0 | 1,430 | no | March 18, 1994; June 8, 1999 (pdf) (143 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable, except where allowed under narrowed use limits for military or space- and aeronautics-related applications, as of January 1, 2020. Unacceptable for military applications as of January 1, 2022 and for space- and aeronautics-related applications as of January 1, 2025. |
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| HFC-152a | 0 | 124 | yes | March 18, 1994; June 8, 1999 (pdf) (143 KB) |
Acceptable | ||
| HFC-245fa | 0 | 1,030 | no | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable, except where allowed under narrowed use limits for military or space- and aeronautics-related applications, as of January 1, 2020. Unacceptable for military applications as of January 1, 2022 and for space- and aeronautics-related applications as of January 1, 2025. |
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| HFC-365mfc | 0 | 794 | yes | September 30, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); July 20, 2015 (pdf) (687 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable, except where allowed under narrowed use limits for military or space- and aeronautics-related applications, as of January 1, 2020. Unacceptable for military applications as of January 1, 2022 and for space- and aeronautics-related applications as of January 1, 2025. |
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| HFO-1234ze | 0 | 6 | no | September 30, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) | Formacel® 1100, FEA-1100 | 0 | 9 | no | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (354 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Methyl Formate | EcomateTM | 0 | 5 or less | yes | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Methyl Formate | 0 | 5 or less | yes | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| Methylal (dimethoxymethane) | 0 | <3 | yes | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (346 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| Saturated Light Hydrocarbons (C3-C6) | 0 | 3 - 10 | yes | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | ||
| Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene | Solstice® 1233zd(E) | 0.00024 - 0.00034 | 4.7 - 7 | no | August 10, 2012 | Acceptable | |
| TranscendTM Technologies | TranscendTM Technologies | 0 | 5 or less | yes [3] | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable as an additive to SNAP-approved blowing agents in blends making up to 5% by weight of the total foam formulation. | |
| Water | 0 | N/A | no | June 8, 1999 (pdf) (143 KB) | Acceptable |
1 Use of closed cell foam products and products that contain closed cell foam manufactured with an Unacceptable foam blowing agent prohibited on or before the later of: 1) December 1, 2017, or 2) the date when the foam blowing agent is Unacceptable.
2 Formic acid is mildly flammable with flashpoint of 68.9°C (156°F), lower flammability limit of 18.0% by volume, and NFPA flammability rating of 2.
3 When blended with fire retardant and/or other SNAP-approved alternatives, the flammability of TranscendTM Technologies can be reduced to make a formulation that is either combustible or non-flammable (contact the manufacturer of TranscendTM Technologies for more information).
4 Some components and some blends are flammable.
