Substitutes in Centrifugal Chillers
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. Find more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions.
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/ New | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) | SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammonia Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| Ammonia Vapor Compression | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| Ammonia Vapor Compression with Secondary Loop | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| Ammonia / Water Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| Desiccant Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| Evaporative Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | March 18, 1994; September 5, 1996 June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| FOR12A | FOR12A | R/N | 0 | 1,100 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| FOR12B | FOR12B | R/N | 0 | 1,000 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| RB-276 | Free Zone, HCFC Blend Delta | R/N | 0.013 | 1,592 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| Freeze 12 | Freeze 12 | R/N | 0.013 | 1,606 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-416A | FRIGC FR-12, HCFC Blend Beta | R/N | 0.009 | 1,081 | A1 | February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140KB) | Acceptable |
| G2018C | G2018C | R/N | 0.053 | 1,731 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-414A | GHG-X4, Autofrost, Chill-it, HCFC Blend Xi | R/N | 0.045 | 1,478 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| GHG-X5 | GHG-X5 | R/N | 0.032 | 2,377 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133KB) | Acceptable |
| HCFC-123 | R/N | 0.02 | 77 | B1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-124 | R/N | 0.022 | 609 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-22 | N | 0.055 | 1,810 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-22/HCFC-142b | R/N | 0.055-0.065 | 1,810-2,310 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFC-134a | R/N | 0 | 1,430 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| HFC-227ea | N | 0 | 3,220 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| HFC-236fa | R/N | 0 | 9,810 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| HFC-245fa | Genetron® 245fa | R/N | 0 | 1,030 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| HFO-1234ze | Solstice® 1234ze | N | 0 | 6 | A2L | August 10, 2012 | Acceptable |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) | Opteon® MZ | N | 0 | 9 | A1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313KB) | Acceptable |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z)/dichloroethylene blend (R-514A) | Opteon® XP30 | R/N | 0.00006 | 7 | B1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313KB) | Acceptable |
| R-414B | Hot Shot, Kar Kool, HCFC Blend Omicron | R/N | 0.098 | 3,337 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-417C | Hot Shot 2 | R | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (201KB) | Acceptable |
| R-515B | N | 0 | 287 | A1 | December 11, 2020 (pdf) (263KB) | Acceptable | |
| Ikon A | Ikon-12, Blend Zeta | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | June 19, 2000 (pdf) (224KB) | Acceptable |
| Ikon B | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-1224yd(Z) | AMOLEA™ yd | R/N | 0.00012 | 1 | A1 | November 25, 2019 (pdf) (273KB) | Acceptable |
| R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) | NU-22 old composition | R/N | 0 | 1,990 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-1270 (Propylene) | N | 0 | 1.8 | A3 | December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. | |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-406A | GHG-12, GHG-X3, McCool, Autofrost X3 | R | 0.057 | 1,900 | A2 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (169KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-410A | AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf)(168KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-410B | N | 0 | 2,230 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-420A | Choice R-420A | R/N | 0.008 | 1,536 | A1 | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186KB) | Acceptable |
| R-421A | Choice R-421A | R/N | 0 | 2,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-423A | ISCEON 39TC | R/N | 0 | 2,280 | A1 | March 22, 2002 (pdf) (156KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-424A | RS-44 | R/N | 0 | 2,440 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-434A | RS-45 | R/N | 0 | 3,250 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-443A | N | 0 | 2.5 | A3 | December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. | |
| R-450A | Solstice® N-13 | R/N | 0 | 601 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (346KB) | Acceptable |
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | September 5, 1996; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. |
| R-513A | Opteon® XP 10 | R/N | 0 | 630 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (354KB) | Acceptable |
| RS-44 (2003 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 2,420 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| Stirling Cycle | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-02 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-03 | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) | Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene | Solstice® 1233zd(E), Solstice® N12 Refrigerant | N | 0.00024 - 0.00034 | 4.7 - 7 | A1 | August 10, 2012 | Acceptable |
| Water / Lithium Bromide Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFC-32 | N | 0 | 675 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| HFO-1234yf | N | 0 | <4 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-452B | Opteon™ XL55 | N | 0 | 698 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-454A | Opteon™ XL40 | N | 0 | 240 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-454B | Opteon™ XL41 | N | 0 | 466 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-454C | Opteon™ XL20 | N | 0 | 148 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
Back to the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector page.