Substitutes in Refrigerated Transport
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. For more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-program
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
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| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/New | ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (https://www3.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) |
SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status |
| Cryogenic Transport Refrigeration System | N | 0 | 0 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| Direct Nitrogen Expansion | N | 0 | 0 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| FOR12A | FOR12A | R/N | 0 | 1,100 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable |
| FOR12B | FOR12B | R/N | 0 | 1,000 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable |
| RB-276 | Free Zone, HCFC Blend Delta | R/N | 0.013 | 1,592 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| Freeze 12 | Freeze 12 | R/N | 0.013 | 1,606 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-407H | D407 | R/N | 0 | 1,500 | A1 | November 25, 2019 (pdf) (273 KB) | Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only.[1] |
| R-416A | FRIGC FR-12, HCFC Blend Beta | R/N | 0.009 | 1,081 | A1 | February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140 KB) | Acceptable |
| G2018C | G2018C | R/N | 0.053 | 1,731 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| GHG-HP | HCFC Blend Lambda | R/N | 0.056 | 1,893 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-414A | GHG-X4, Autofrost, Chill-it, HCFC Blend Xi | R/N | 0.045 | 1,478 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| GHG-X5 | GHG-X5 | R/N | 0.032 | 2,377 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133 KB) | Acceptable |
| HCFC-22 | R/N | 0.055 | 1,810 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-22/HCFC-142b | R/N | 0.055-0.065 | 1,810-2,310 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFC-134a | R/N | 0 | 1,430 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| HFC-134a/HBr (92/8) | N | 0.0016 | N/A | A1 | May 23, 2001 (pdf) (144 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-414B | Hot Shot, Kar Kool, HCFC Blend Omicron | R/N | 0.098 | 3,337 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-417C | Hot Shot 2 | R | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (200 KB) | Acceptable |
| Ikon A | Ikon-12, Blend Zeta | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | June 19, 2000 (pdf) (223 KB) | Acceptable |
| Ikon B | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) | NU-22 old composition | R/N | 0 | 1,990 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-401A | SUVA MP-39 | N | 0.037 | 1,182 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-401B | SUVA MP-66 | N | 0.040 | 1,288 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-402A | HP-80 | R/N | 0.019 | 2,746 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-402B | HP-81 | R/N | 0.03 | 2,379 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | March 18, 1994; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-406A | GHG-12, GHG-X3, McCool, Autofrost X3 | R | 0.057 | 1,900 | A2 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-407A | Klea 60, Klea 407A | R/N | 0 | 2,110 | A1 | August 26, 1994; January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-407B | Klea 61 | R/N | 0 | 2,800 | A1 | August 26, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); August 21, 2003 (pdf) (160 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-407D | R/N | 0 | 1,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-407F | Genetron Performax LT | R/N | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (200 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-408A (HCFC Blend Epsilon) | R | 0.026 | 3,152 | A1 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| R-409A | HCFC Blend Gamma | R | 0.047 | 1,558 | A1 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-410A | AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-410B | N | 0 | 2,230 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-411A | R/N | 0.048 | 1,600 | A2 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-411B | R/N | 0.052 | 1,700 | A2 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (151 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-421A | Choice R-421A | R/N | 0 | 2,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-421B | Choice R-421B | R/N | 0 | 3,190 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422A | ISCEON 79 | R/N | 0 | 3,140 | A1 | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-424A | RS-44 | R/N | 0 | 2,440 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-426A | RS-24 | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-428A | RS-52 | R/N | 0 | 3,610 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-434A | RS-45 | R/N | 0 | 3,250 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-437A | KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus | R/N | 0 | 1,810 | A1 | January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-448A | Solstice® N-40 | R/N | 0 | 1,387 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (353 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-449A | Opteon® XP 40 | R/N | 0 | 1,400 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (353 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-449B | Forane® 449B | R/N | 0 | 1,412 | A1 | October 11, 2016 (pdf) (284 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-450A | Solstice® N-13 | R/N | 0 | 601 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (345 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-452A | Opteon® XP44 | R/N | 0 | 2,140 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only.[1] |
| R-452C | Forane® 452C | R/N | 0 | 2,200 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only.[1] |
| R-453A | RS-70 | R/N | 0 | 1,700 | A1 | November 25, 2019 (pdf) (273 KB) | Acceptable: For use in refrigerated trucks and trailers only.[1] |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | March 18, 1994; September 5, 1996; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-513A | Opteon® XP 10 | R/N | 0 | 630 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (353 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (345 KB) | Acceptable | |
| RS-24 (2002 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| RS-44 (2003 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 2,420 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Self-chilling cans using CO2 | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140 KB) | Acceptable | |
| SP34E | SP34E | R/N | 0 | <1,470 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| Stirling Cycle | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| THR-02 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-03 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-04 | R/N | >0 | N/A | A1 | June 8, 1999 (pdf) (142 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-480A | RS-20 | R | 0 | 291 | A1 | December 11, 2024 (pdf) (300 KB) | Acceptable |
1 This end-use category covers refrigerated trucks and trailers with a separate autonomous refrigeration unit with the condenser typically located at the front of a refrigerated trailer and domestic trailer refrigeration units that contain an integrated motor (i.e., does not require a separate electrical power system or separate generator set to operate) that are transported as part of a truck, on truck trailers, and on railway flat cars. For further information, see SNAP Notice 35 (pdf) (273 KB) (84 FR 64765; November 25, 2019).
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