Substitutes in Cold Storage Warehouses
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. For more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-program
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
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| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/New | ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) |
SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status |
| Ammonia Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | |
| Ammonia Vapor Compression | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | March 18, 1994; September 5, 1996 |
Acceptable | |
| Desiccant Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| Evaporative Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| FOR12A | FOR12A | R/N | 0 | 1,100 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable |
| FOR12B | FOR12B | R/N | 0 | 1,000 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable |
| RB-276 | Free Zone, HCFC Blend Delta | R/N | 0.013 | 1,592 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| Freeze 12 | Freeze 12 | R/N | 0.013 | 1,606 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-416A | FRIGC FR-12, HCFC Blend Beta | R/N | 0.009 | 1,081 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB); February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140 KB) |
Acceptable |
| G2018C | G2018C | R/N | 0.053 | 1,731 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| GHG-HP | HCFC Blend Lambda | R/N | 0.056 | 1,893 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-414A | GHG-X4, Autofrost, Chill-it, HCFC Blend Xi | R/N | 0.045 | 1,478 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| GHG-X5 | GHG-X5 | R/N | 0.032 | 2,377 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133 KB) | Acceptable |
| HCFC-22 | R/N | 0.055 | 1,810 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-22/HCFC-142b | R/N | 0.055-0.065 | 1,810-2,310 | A1 | June 3, 1997 (pdf) (133 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HCFO-1233zd(E) (Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene) | Solstice® 1233zd(E) | N | <0.0004 | 3.7 | A1 | January 20, 2022 (pdf) (376 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFC-134a | R/N | 0 | 1,430 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| HFC-134a/HBr (92/8) | N | 0.0016 | N/A | A1 | May 23, 2001 (pdf) (145 KB) | Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements. | |
| HFC-227ea | N | 0 | 3,220 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. | |
| R-414B | Hot Shot, Kar Kool, HCFC Blend Omicron | R/N | 0.098 | 3,337 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable |
| R-417C | Hot Shot 2 | R | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (201 KB) | Acceptable |
| Ikon A | Ikon-12, Blend Zeta | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | June 19, 2000 (pdf) (224 KB) | Acceptable |
| Ikon B | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Pressure stepdown | N | 0 | 0 | N/A | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-1270 (Propylene) | N | 0 | 1.8 | A3 | December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) | Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. | |
| R-401A | SUVA MP-39 | N | 0.037 | 1,182 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-401B | SUVA MP-66 | R/N | 0.040 | 1,288 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-402A | HP-80 | R/N | 0.019 | 2,746 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-402B | HP-81 | R/N | 0.03 | 2,379 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | March 18, 1994; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-406A | GHG-12, GHG-X3, McCool, Autofrost X3 | R | 0.057 | 1,900 | A2 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-407A | Klea 60, Klea 407A | R/N | 0 | 2,110 | A1 | August 26, 1994; January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-407B | Klea 61 | R/N | 0 | 2,800 | A1 | August 26, 1994; June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); August 21, 2003 (pdf) (161 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-407F | Genetron Performax LT | R/N | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (201 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-408A | HCFC Blend Epsilon | R | 0.026 | 3,152 | A1 | August 26, 1994 | Acceptable |
| R-410A | AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-410B | N | 0 | 2,230 | A1 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. | |
| R-411A | R/N | 0.048 | 1,600 | A2 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-411B | R/N | 0.052 | 1,700 | A2 | February 8, 1996 (pdf) (152 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-420A | Choice R-420A | R/N | 0.008 | 1,536 | A1 | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-421A | Choice R-421A | R/N | 0 | 2,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-421B | Choice R-421B | R/N | 0 | 3,190 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-422A | ISCEON 79 | R/N | 0 | 3,140 | A1 | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-423A | ISCEON 39TC | R/N | 0 | 2,280 | A1 | March 22, 2002 (pdf) (156 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-424A | RS-44 | R/N | 0 | 2,440 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-426A | RS-24 | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (183 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-428A | RS-52 | R/N | 0 | 3,610 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-434A | RS-45 | R/N | 0 | 3,250 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-437A | KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus | R/N | 0 | 1,810 | A1 | January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-450A | Solstice® N-13 | R/N | 0 | 601 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (346 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-471A | Solstice® N71 | R/N | 0 | 144 | A1 |
September 8, 2023 (pdf) (247 KB) December 11, 2024 (pdf) (300 KB) |
Acceptable |
| R-515B | Solstice® N15 | N | 0 | 287 | A1 | September 8, 2023 (pdf) (247 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-1270 (Propylene) | N | 0 | 1.8 | A3 | December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) | Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017. | |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | March 18, 1994; September 5, 1996; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. |
| R-513A | Opteon™ XP 10 | R/N | 0 | 630 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (354 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | September 30, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-443A | N | 0 | 2.5 | A3 | December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) | Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017. | |
| RS-24 (2002 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| RS-44 (2003 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 2,420 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB); December 1, 2016 (pdf) (969 KB) |
Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023. | |
| Self-chilling cans using CO2 | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140 KB) | Acceptable | |
| SP34E | SP34E | R/N | 0 | <1,470 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable |
| Stirling Cycle | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-02 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-03 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (226 KB) | Acceptable | |
| THR-04 | R/N | >0 | N/A | A1 | June 8, 1999 (pdf) (143 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-448A | Solstice® N-40 | R/N | 0 | 1,387 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-449A | Opteon™ XP 40 | R/N | 0 | 1,400 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-449B | Forane® 449B | R/N | 0 | 1,412 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-453A | RS-70 | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFO-1234yf | N | 0 | 1 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| HFO-1234ze(E) | N | 0 | 1 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454A | Opteon™ XL40 | N | 0 | 237 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-454C | Opteon™ XL20 | N | 0 | 146 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-455A | Solstice® L40X | N | 0 | 146 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-457A | Forane® 457A | N | 0 | 137 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-516A | Forane® 516A | N | 0 | 140 | A2L | June 13, 2024 (pdf) (1.17 MB) | Acceptable subject to use conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
| R-480A | RS-20 | R | 0 | 291 | A1 | December 11, 2024 (pdf) (300 KB) | Acceptable |
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