EPA's 7th Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment

EPA's 7th Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment (DWINSA)  assesses the nation’s public water systems’ infrastructure needs over the next 20 years and is used to allocate Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) grants, including Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding, to states. The survey determined that drinking water systems will need $625 billion for pipe replacement, treatment plant upgrades, storage tanks, and other key assets to ensure the public health, security, and economic well-being of our cities, towns, and communities.

The 7th DWINSA also estimates that that needs of existing tribal drinking water infrastructure exceed $4 billion over the next 20 years and the survey results are used to allocate funds for tribes under the Drinking Water Infrastructure Grant Tribal Set-Aside (DWIG-TSA). The survey is comprised of infrastructure needs that are DWIG-TSA eligible, and include the installation of new drinking water infrastructure and the rehabilitation, expansion, or replacement of existing infrastructure.

7th DWINSA Lead Service Line Information

​The 7th DWINSA now estimates a total of four million lead service lines. Review the fact sheets for more information:

Donut Chart with title "4 Million Total Projected LSLs". Majority (75%) of donut chart is dark blue reading "Reported LSLs". Minority (25%) of donut chart is light blue reading "Predicted LSLs"

DWINSA Data and Dashboards

EPA’s 7th DWINSA results show that improvements are primarily needed in:

  • Distribution and transmission: $422.9 billion to replace or rehabilitate aging or deteriorating pipelines and appurtenances.
  • Treatment: $107 billion to construct, expand or rehabilitate infrastructure to reduce contamination.
  • Storage: $56.1 billion to construct, rehabilitate or cover water storage reservoirs.
  • Source: $25.2 billion to construct or rehabilitate intake structures and wells, or purchase water rights.

Data Download:

The dashboard below allow users to further explore data from the 7th DWINSA. Use the tabs at the top of the page to navigate between the 7th DWINSA data on States and Territories Need ($), Tribal Systems Need ($), and Service Line Material Type (#).  Please note that the service line material numbers reflect projections from the 7th DWINSA.

Contact Us about the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on December 2, 2025