Summary of Minnesota's Water Reuse Guideline or Regulation for Landscaping
This page is part of the EPA’s REUSExplorer tool, which summarizes the different state level regulations or guidelines for water reuse for a variety of sources and end-uses.
The source water for this summary is Treated Municipal Wastewater.
On this page:
- Technical basis
- Water reuse for landscaping approved for use in Minnesota
- Water reuse treatment category for landscaping
- Additional context and definitions
- Water reuse for landscaping specifications (table)
- Upcoming state law or policy
- References
- Disclaimer
This page is a summary of the state’s water reuse law or policy and is provided for informational purposes only. Please always refer to the state for the most accurate and updated information.
In Minnesota, water reuse for water reuse for landscapingThe use of recycled water on land to assist in the irrigation of vegetation in residential and non-residential areas. Includes impoundments to store water for irrigation , ornamental vegetation, parks, school yards, sporting facilities (including golf courses), private gardens, roadsides and greenbelts, and cemeteries. Excludes irrigation of areas used for agriculture, commercial reuse applications, or any centralized non-potable reuse. includes irrigation of residential landscapes, parks, playgrounds, school yards and golf courses; cemeteries; and roadway landscaping. The source of water treated municipal wastewater Treated wastewater effluent discharged from a centralized wastewater treatment plant of any size. Other terms referring to this source of water include domestic wastewater, treated wastewater effluent, reclaimed water, and treated sewage. is specified by the state as municipal wastewater . This write-up uses state terms when discussing sources or uses of water that may differ from the Regulations and End-Use Specifications Explorer's (REUSExplorer's) terms.
Technical basis
Minnesota approves the reuse of treated municipal wastewater for the irrigation of landscapes, including playgrounds, parks and residential and roadway landscaping. Irrigation using treated municipal wastewater is not permitted in winter. All applicable provisions of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq.), including its implementing regulations, must be met in addition to any relevant rule requirements under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) (124 Stat. 3885). Minnesota states that “reuse activities are categorized based on public access and the risk for the potential for human exposure with the effluent” (MPCA, 2010). Treatment requirements are based on the type of reuse and respective performance standards are based on detectable total coliforms in finished water for reuse applications related to agricultural irrigation. Minnesota uses California’s Title 22 Water Recycling Criteria (Cal. Code Regs. tit. 22) as the technical basis for the derivation of total coliform removals and turbidity requirements (defined in the table).
The basis for the state guidance is as follows: “Since 1992, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) has used the State of California Regulations as guidance for the permitting of wastewater reuse” because California was one of the first states to develop detailed regulations to ensure that the reuse of wastewater would be protective of human health (MPCA, 2010). “The required level and type of treatment is based on the type of reuse and establishes the total coliform bacteria that are allowed to be detected in the final treated water. Total coliform is used for the regulation of wastewater reuse rather than fecal coliform. A total coliform limit is more restrictive than a fecal coliform limit and is used as an additional safety measure" (MPCA, 2010).
Water reuse for landscaping approved for use in Minnesota
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA 2010) defines the following approved water reuse for landscaping:
- Irrigation of residential landscape, parks, playgrounds, school yards, golf courses (Disinfected Tertiary)
- Cemeteries (Disinfected Secondary 23)
- Roadway landscaping (Disinfected Secondary 23)
Water reuse treatment category for landscaping
The treatment requirements for municipal wastewater reuse are briefly summarized for landscaping:
- “Disinfected Tertiary”: Tertiary treatment with disinfection is required. Prior to disinfection, effluent must undergo secondary treatment and filtration.
- “Disinfected Secondary 23”: Secondary treatment with disinfection is required.
Minnesota states that the use of a stabilization pond system with 210 days of storage for treatment does not require a separate disinfection process.
Additional context and definitions
In areas where recycled water is used, signs must be posted that state that the water used is recycled, nonpotable and not fit for consumption (MPCA, 2010). No physical connection is allowed between any recycled wastewater source and a potable water source. Hose bibs cannot be installed in areas accessible by the general public (MPCA, 2010). Only quick connect couplers that differ from those used on the potable water system can be used on the recycled wastewater (MPCA 2010). Spray irrigation, other than disinfected tertiary water, cannot occur within 100 feet of a residence, park, playground, school, or other area with similar public exposure (MPCA, 2010).
Water reuse for landscaping specifications
Summary of Minnesota's Water Reuse for Landscaping Specifications
| Recycled Water Class/Category | Source Water Type | Water Quality Parameter | Specification | Sampling/Monitoring Requirements (Frequency of monitoring; site/ location of sample; quantification methods)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Disinfected Tertiary (Irrigation of residential landscape, parks, playgrounds, school yards, golf courses) |
Municipal Wastewater |
Total coliform |
2.2 MPN/100 mL (7-day median) |
At least once daily |
|
Turbidity |
≤2 NTU (filter effluent turbidity) ≤10 NTU (single sample maximum) |
Continuous monitoring |
||
|
Nitrogen |
Not specified |
Not specified |
||
|
Phosphorus |
Not specified |
Not specified |
||
|
Disinfected Secondary 23 (cemeteries, roadway landscaping) |
Municipal Wastewater |
Total coliform |
23 MPN/100 mL (does not exceed in more than one sample in 30-day period) |
At least once daily |
|
Nitrogen |
Not specified |
Not specified |
||
|
Phosphorus |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Source= MPCA (2010)
* Information about sampling and monitoring requirements such as frequency, site and quantification methods not specifically listed in the table was not explicitly specified in the State-specific regulations.
Upcoming state law or policy
No upcoming regulations pertaining to water reuse for landscaping were found for Minnesota.
References
Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq.
Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), 124 Stat. 3885.
Minnesota Department of Health. 2018. Advancing Safe and Sustainable Water Reuse in Minnesota: 2018 Report of the Interagency Workgroup on Water Reuse.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2010. Municipal Wastewater Reuse.
Water Recycling Criteria, Cal. Code Regs. tit. 22.
Please contact us at waterreuse@epa.gov if the information on this page needs updating or if this state is updating or planning to update its laws and policies and we have not included that information on the news page.