Substitutes in Non-Mechanical Heat Transfer Systems
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/ New | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) | SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6 Perfluoroketone | NovecTM 649 | R/N | 0 | 0.6 - 1.8 | A1 | September 30, 2009 (pdf) (172 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| C7 Fluoroketone | NovecTM 774 | R/N | 0 | 1 | A1 | August 10, 2012 | Acceptable |
| Galden Fluids | R | 0 | N/A | A1 | February 24, 1998 (pdf) (140 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFC-236fa | R/N | 0 | 9,810 | A1 | June 8, 1999 (pdf) (142 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: When manufactured using any process that does not convert perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) directly to HFC-236fa in a single step. | |
| HFC-245fa | Genetron® 245fa | R/N | 0 | 1,030 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFC-4310mee | R/N | 0 | 1,640 | A1 | June 19, 2000 (pdf) (223 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFE-347mcc3 (heptafluoropropyl methyl ether) | Novec™ 7000 Engineered Fluid (HFE-7000) | R/N | 0 | 575 | A1 | March 22, 2002 (pdf) (156 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFE-449s1 (methoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) | Novec™ 7100 Engineered Fluid (HFE-7100) | R/N | 0 | 297 | A1 | June 8, 1999 (pdf) (142 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. |
| HFE-569sf2 (ethoxynonafluorobutane, iso and normal) | Novec™ 7200 Engineered Fluid (HFE-7200) | R/N | 0 | 59 | N/A | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as a secondary heat transfer fluid in not-in-kind systems. |
| HFE-64-13m(m)yy(s)c3 (1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane) | Novec™ 7300 Engineered Fluid (HFE-7300) | R/N | 0 | 310 | A1 | July 21, 2017 (pdf) (314 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFO-1234ze | Solstice® 1234ze | R/N | 0 | 6 | A2L | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) | Opteon® MZ | N | 0 | 9 | A1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313 KB) | Acceptable |
| Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers | MPHE; SineraTM | R/N | 0 | 2.5 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (353 KB) | Acceptable |
| Mineral Oil | R/N | 0 | 0 | N/A | July 28, 1995 (pdf) (140 KB) | Acceptable | |
| PFCs (C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, C5F11NO, C6F14, C6F13NO, C7F16, C7F15NO, C8F18, C8F17NO, C9F21N) | R/N | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Acceptable with Use Conditions: PFCs are only allowed in new systems where a study has demonstrated that no other alternatives are technically feasible due to safety or performance requirements; this study must be kept available for review. | |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-170 (Ethane) | N | 0 | 5.5 | A3 | April 10, 2015 (pdf) (769 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); August 21, 2003 (pdf) (160 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-410A | AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-437A | KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus | R/N | 0 | 1,810 | A1 | January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) | Acceptable |
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | R/N | 0 | 1 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene | Solstice® 1233zd(E), Solstice N12 Refrigerant | N | 0.00024 - 0.00034 | 4.7 - 7 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (345 KB) | Acceptable |
| Volatile Methyl Siloxanes | R/N | 0 | <20 | N/A | July 28, 1995 (pdf) (140 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Water | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | July 28, 1995 (pdf) (140 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable |
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