Maumee AOC

On this page:

• Latest News
• Overview
• Beneficial Use Impairments
• Remediation and Restoration Work
• Partners

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Latest News

• Restoration is complete at the Toussaint State Wildlife Area in the Maumee Area of Concern
• Otter Creek cleanup complete
• "Reducing the Impact of Chlorides" Project Feature
• 2021 Reflection: Dozens of MAPs Funded and Finished 
• 2020 Video- Maumee AOC- Ohio EPA 
• Ohio Areas of Concern Program Highlights 2020-2021

Overview

Located in northwest Ohio, the Maumee Area of Concern (AOC) is comprised of 787 square miles, including several watersheds draining to Lake Erie, making it one of the largest AOCs in the United States.

The Maumee AOC was originally identified as the area extending from the Bowling Green water intake near Waterville along the Maumee River at river mile 22.8 downstream to Maumee Bay. The area included direct drainage into the waters that are primarily within Lucas, Ottawa and Wood Counties. The area included the following watersheds: Ottawa River (Tenmile Creek), Swan Creek, Grassy Creek, Duck Creek, Otter Creek, Cedar Creek, and Crane Creek.  In 1992, this area was extended to the east to include Turtle Creek, Packer Creek, and the Toussaint River. In 2010, the AOC was redefined to follow United States Geological Survey’s updated boundaries. This added the headwaters of Swan Creek and Tenmile Creek that are primarily located in Fulton County.

The Maumee AOC has been the site of industrial and municipal development for almost two centuries. For years unregulated waste disposal, industrial contamination from old dumps, contaminated industrial sites, combined sewer overflows and disposal of dredged materials has led to contamination entering the water. The specific contaminants of concern include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For example, in the Ottawa river, high levels of PCBs and other contaminants resulted in a no-contact advisory for over 25 years. Some areas, such as the Toussaint Wildlife Area, were historically wetlands, but more than 90% of the wetland in Northwest Ohio have been lost due to human activities.

Beneficial Use Impairments

Beneficial Use Impairments, or BUIs, are designations given by the International Joint Commission for an AOC. They recognize various examples of significant environmental degradation. As restoration and cleanup projects make progress, monitoring is conducted at the site to determine the level of recovery in environmental health. If sufficient recovery is reached, BUIs can be designated as “removed.”

Originally, the Maumee AOC had 10 BUIs. One BUI, Added Costs to Industry or Agriculture, was removed in 2015. The nine remaining BUIs, listed below, are impairing waterways that ultimately flow into Lake Erie. Ongoing work within the AOC will address these remaining nine BUIs, and ultimately lead to their removal. In close collaboration with the state of Ohio, as well as local and federal partners, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified the potential for completing all management actions by 2024.

• Restrictions on Fish and Wildlife Consumption (pdf) (3.19 MB)  Removed 2022
• Degradation of Fish and Wildlife Populations
• Fish Tumors or Other Deformities
• Degradation of Benthos
• Restrictions on Dredging Activities
• Eutrophication or Undesirable Algae
• Beach Closings
• Degradation of Aesthetics
• Added Costs to Agriculture or Industry - Removed 2015
• Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat

General information about BUIs: Beneficial Use Impairments for the Great Lakes AOCs

Remediation and Restoration Work

EPA has continually worked with federal, state, and local partners to execute remediation and restoration work in the area to address the existing beneficial use impairments. Efforts towards contaminated sediment remediation and habitat restoration have made significant progress, but there is still much work left to do. There have been two Great Lakes Legacy Act (GLLA) sediment contamination cleanup projects completed within the Maumee AOC, the Ottawa River and Otter Creek. Potential future GLLA projects include Swan Creek and the Lower Maumee River. The success of these projects will continue to improve plant and animal populations, help remove BUIs, and contribute to the eventual delisting of the AOC. As the AOC progresses towards delisting, the city of Toledo and the surrounding area will continue to see ecological benefits of a healthy environment and the likely economic benefits that result from an accessible, healthy waterfront. Because of these efforts, those who live in the area have the potential to see an improved overall quality of life tied to restored local natural resources. Highlighted below are a few examples of the many restoration and remediation projects.

• Documents on Restoring the Maumee AOC
• Remediation and Restoration Projects for Maumee AOC

Highlighted Remediation and Restoration Projects

• Howard Marsh
• Otter Creek
• Ottawa River
• Swan Creek
• Toussaint Marsh State Wildlife Area 

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Restoration Project Highlight: Howard Marsh

Howard Marsh Metropark is a 987-acre property owned by Metroparks Toledo near the Lake Erie Shore in Lucas County. Formerly a coastal marsh, the area was drained and converted into agricultural land more than 75 years ago. Beginning in 2018, Phase 1 converted 732-acres of the property back into wetland habitat including a hydrological connection from the wetland to Lake Erie that enabled enhanced fish passage. Howard Marsh also filters runoff water before it reaches Lake Erie and provides spawning habitat for fish and stopover habitat for birds. The over $8 million Phase 1 project was completed in collaboration through a regional partnership with Ducks Unlimited, Metroparks Toledo, the Ohio Division of Wildlife and Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) funding from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Phase 2 of restoration restored and connected the remaining 255 acres of the property. It was completed Spring 2022.

Restoration at this site will contribute to the removal of the following BUIs:

•         Loss of Fish & Wildlife Habitat

Remediation Project Highlight: Otter Creek Legacy Act Cleanup 

The Otter Creek Legacy Act Cleanup was completed at the end of August 2021 with the installation of habitat improvements.  To complete the cleanup, over 50,400 cubic yards of contaminated sediment was dredged from the creek and its confluence and a one-foot sand cover was placed in the creek after dredging. 

Otter Creek is a small creek that flows southwest to northeast through the cities of Toledo and Oregon, Ohio, before emptying into South Maumee Bay as part of the Maumee AOC. The lower 1.7 miles of the creek is a highly industrial area containing an active railroad yard, oil refineries, and closed landfills. Currently, municipal and industrial storm water outfalls continue to flow into the creek. Initial sediment testing determined that this area of the creek contained elevated levels of PAHs and Diesel Range Organics. 

In July of 2020, a $10 million Great Lakes Legacy Act  Project Agreement amendment for sediment remediation cost share in collaboration with the EPA and three industrial partners was signed. An estimated $4.7 million of the estimated $12 million project total will be contributed by the industrial partners.

The remediation work completed at this site will contribute to the removal of the following BUIs:

• Degradation of Fish & Wildlife Populations
•  Fish Tumors or Other Deformities
• Degradation of Benthos
• Degradation of Aesthetics
• Loss of Fish & Wildlife Habitat

Otter Creek GLLA project StoryMap (US ACE)

 (March 2021)

Fact Sheet: Otter Creek Sediment Cleanup Complete (pdf) (1.74 MB, 11/2021)

Remediation Project Highlight: Ottawa River

The Ottawa River is located on the northwest side of Toledo, Ohio, and falls within the Maumee AOC. During the 1900s, the Ottawa River suffered from improper waste disposal practices resulting in hazardous substances entering the water. It was considered one of the most contaminated waterways draining into the Great Lakes. In collaboration with EPA, Ottawa River Group, seven industries and the city of Toledo, the Ottawa River project received funding from the GLLA to address 250,000 cubic yards of contaminated sediment. From August to December of 2009, 5.6 miles of the Ottawa River were dredged, removing significant amounts of pollution from the Ottawa River. When compared to tests from 2010, recent sampling has shown that the water quality has significantly improved and warning signs for people to avoid contact have been removed and fish advisories reduced. In 2018, a no-contact advisory for the lower Ottawa River was officially removed. This project was cost-shared, with nonfederal partners providing 50% of the total $47.2 million project cost. 

The remediation work completed at this site contributed to the removal of the following BUIs:

• Restrictions on Fish & Wildlife Consumption
• Degradation of Fish & Wildlife Populations
• Fish Tumors or Other Deformities
• Degradation of Benthos
• Loss of Fish & Wildlife Habitat

Feasibility Study Highlight: Swan Creek

Swan Creek is a tributary to the Maumee River that is located on the southwest side of Toledo, Ohio, within the Maumee AOC. A GLLA Project Agreement to conduct a Focused Feasibility Study (FFS) was signed to evaluate data and determine remedy options for addressing contaminated sediment in the lower portion of this waterway. This project is cost-shared between Ohio EPA and U.S. EPA. The FFS is expected to be completed in 2023. Additionally, the EPA fully funded sediment site characterization to better define the nature and extent of contamination in Swan Creek. Sampling was completed in 2021.

Restoration Project Highlight: Toussaint Marsh State Wildlife Area

Toussaint Marsh is a 125-acre site located in northwestern Ohio about five miles from Lake Erie. The goal of this project was to restore the connection between the wetlands and the Toussaint River. This project addressed the Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat BUI, improved the connectivity of wetland habitat, and improved water management capability for the control of invasive species. Toussaint Marsh was completed in collaboration with Ohio Division of Wildlife, The Nature Conservancy and Ducks Unlimited, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. EPA.

Partners

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• U.S. Forest Service
• U.S. Geological Survey