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Frequently Asked Questions about the Current Status of Chlorpyrifos and Anticipated Path Forward

EPA’s 2021 rule revoking chlorpyrifos tolerances was challenged by a chlorpyrifos registrant and several grower groups in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On Nov. 2, 2023, the Eighth Circuit issued a decision vacating EPA’s 2021 final rule and remanding the matter to EPA for further proceedings. The Eighth Circuit’s mandate issued on Dec. 28, 2023, reinstating all chlorpyrifos tolerances. On Feb. 5, 2024, EPA issued a notice in the Federal Register as a technical correction to the Code of Federal Regulations to reflect the Eighth Circuit’s reinstatement of chlorpyrifos tolerances: Chlorpyrifos; Reinstatement of Tolerances.

The Eighth Circuit’s decision stated that the Agency had identified 11 crops for retention in the 2020 Proposed Interim Registration Review Decision (PID) for chlorpyrifos. Since 2022, chlorpyrifos registrants requested voluntary cancellation of food/feed uses except for the 11 crops and submitted amended labels reflecting these cancellations. On Sept. 30, 2024, EPA approved amended labels reflecting these cancellations and the geographic restrictions on use and application limitations identified in the 2020 PID and 2020 Drinking Water Assessment.    

EPA issued a proposed rule to revoke all tolerances for chlorpyrifos, except for the tolerances necessary to cover use of chlorpyrifos on the 11 food and feed crops. These 11 food uses are alfalfa, apple, asparagus, cherry (tart), citrus, cotton, peach, soybean, strawberry, sugar beets, and wheat (spring and winter) and are limited to specific states that were assessed in the 2020 PID. 

The registration review process for chlorpyrifos is ongoing. EPA plans to issue an amended PID for chlorpyrifos for public comment in 2026 followed by an Interim Decision (ID). EPA will continue to keep the public updated as it evaluates and takes any actions related to chlorpyrifos pesticide use. 

On this page:
  1. Can chlorpyrifos be used in the 2025 growing season?
  2. What does the reinstatement of chlorpyrifos tolerances mean for cancelled products?
  3. What are the 11 uses from the 2020 Chlorpyrifos Proposed Interim Decision for which EPA will retain tolerances?
  4. What other restrictions are expected for these 11 uses?
  5. What products have been cancelled or amended and may not be used on food crops?
  6. Which products may be use on food and when?
  7. When did EPA approve amended labels deleting all food uses except for the 11?
  8. What are the next steps in registration review for chlorpyrifos?
  9. Has a decision been made regarding the 10X FQPA Safety Factor?
  10. What uses are considered to be food uses?
  11. What uses are considered to be non-food uses?
  12. When did EPA implement the NMFS Biological Opinion and what are the next steps for ESA?

1. Can chlorpyrifos be used in the 2025 growing season?

Yes, the list of products found in question 6 can be used on the 11 crops in certain states and application limitations identified in the 2020 PID and 2020 Drinking Water Assessment (see question 4).

As of July 1, 2025, no one in the U.S. is allowed to legally use chlorpyrifos on any crops other than the 11.

For the most recent labels please refer to: Pesticide Product and Label System | US EPA. It should be noted that several states have prohibited or placed additional restrictions on the use of chlorpyrifos, including California, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, New York and Oregon. Users should check with their state if there is a question about chlorpyrifos use.

2. What does the reinstatement of chlorpyrifos tolerances mean for cancelled products?

Final cancellation orders, including terms for existing stocks of products subject to those cancellation orders and related return programs for chlorpyrifos products, remain in place, unless and until amended by EPA. Registrants that are interested in making their cancelled uses or registrations available for use again will have to submit registration applications through EPA’s Registration Division.

3. What are the 11 uses from the 2020 Chlorpyrifos Proposed Interim Decision for which EPA proposed to retain tolerances?

The 11 uses are: alfalfa, apple, asparagus, cherry (tart), citrus, cotton, peach, soybean, strawberry, sugar beet, wheat (spring and winter).

4. What other restrictions are expected for these 11 uses?

The 2020 PID and the updated drinking water assessment assessed risk from the 11 uses assuming certain geographic, application rate, and maximum number of applications per year restrictions. For each of the 11 permitted use sites, use is restricted to the subset of states as identified in the table below.

Use SiteState
AlfalfaAZ, CO, IA, ID, IL, KS, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SD, TX, UT, WA, WI, WY
AppleAL, DC, DE, GA, ID, IN, KY, MD, MI, NJ, NY, OH, OR, PA, TN, VA, VT, WA, WV
AsparagusMI
Cherry (tart)MI
CitrusAL, FL, GA, NC, SC, TX
CottonAL, FL, GA, NC, SC, VA
PeachAL, DC, DE, FL, GA, MD, MI, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TX, VA, VT, WV
SoybeanAL, CO, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NM, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV, WY
StrawberryOR
Sugar beetIA, ID, IL, MI, MN, ND, OR, WA, WI
Wheat (Spring)CO, KS, MO, MT, ND, NE, SD, WY
Wheat (Winter)CO, IA, KS, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, OK, SD, TX, WY

Please review the 2024 amended labels for the most recent updates. For the most recent labels please refer to: Pesticide Product and Label System | US EPA.

It should be noted that several states have prohibited or placed additional restrictions on use of chlorpyrifos, including California, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, New York and Oregon. Users should check with their state if there is a question about chlorpyrifos use. EPA may propose additional mitigation measures in the future as chlorpyrifos is currently undergoing registration review.

5. What products have been cancelled or amended and may not be used on food crops?

Several registered chlorpyrifos products have been cancelled or amended to terminate food uses.

Products that have been amended and may not be used on food crops are:

RegistrantEPA Reg. No.NameFederal Register Notice
AAKO B.V.85724-10Akofos 48 EChttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/06/2023-24462/final-cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations-and-uses
ADAMA66222-19

Chlorpyrifos 4E AG (alternate brand name Quali-Pro Chlorpyrifos 4E) 

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/03/15/2024-05594/chlorpyrifos-amendment-to-existing-stocks-provisions-in-adama-product-cancellation-order 
ADAMA66222-233

Vulcan 

Chemstarr, LLC81964-21Chlorpyrifos 61.5% MUPhttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/07/2024-17453/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain
Tide International84229-20Chlorpyrifos 4 EChttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/07/2024-17453/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain

Products that have been cancelled and may not be used are:

RegistrantEPA Reg. No.NameFederal Register Notice
BASF499–419Duration PT 275 MC Microencapsulated Dursban Liquid Concentratehttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/31/2022-18838/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations 
Central Garden & Pet89459–69Equil Pyrifoshttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/31/2022-18838/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations
89459-72Equil Chlorpyrifos ULV 1https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/07/2024-17453/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain
89459-73Equil Chlorpyrifos ULV 2https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/07/2024-17453/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain
Control Solutions, Inc.53883–264CSI Chlorpyrifos CShttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/31/2022-18838/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations
53883–331CSI Chlorpyrifos 42 CS Insecticide
53883–355CSI Chlorpyrifos 20 CS
53883–394CSI 16–150 Chlorpyrifos 42https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/06/2023-24462/final-cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations-and-uses
53883–407CSI 16–149 Chlorpyrifos 20
Corteva62719–34Lorsban 15Ghttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/05/04/2023-09396/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations-and-uses
62719–79LOCK-ON
62719–220Lorsban-4E
62719–221Lorsban 50W in Water Soluble Packets
62719–254Dursban 4E-N
62719–301Lorsban 75WG
62719–353Dursban F Insecticidal Chemical
62719–355Dursban R Insecticidal Chemical
62719–575Cobalt
62719–591Lorsban advanced
62719–615Cobalt advanced
Drexel Chemical Company19713-518Drexel Chlorpyrifos Concentrate

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/12/2024-29272/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain

19713-527Drexel CHLOR-PY-REX Chlorpyrifos Insecticide
19713-575Drexel Chlorpyrifos 99% Technical
FMC279–3538Nufos 4Ehttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/31/2022-18838/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations
279–3581Bolton Insecticide
279–9545F9047–2 EC Insecticide
279–9572Gat Chlorpyrifos Cs
279–9574Chlorpyrifos 42 CS

Kaizen 

86363–11 

Bifenchlor 

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/16/2024-21004/chlorpyrifos-amendment-to-existing-stocks-provisions-in-kaizen-product-cancellation-orders  

Liberty Crop Protection, LLC 

89168-20 

Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin 

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/06/18/2024-13349/chlorpyrifos-amendment-to-existing-stocks-provisions-in-winfield-and-liberty-product-cancellation 

Liberty Crop Protection, LLC 

89168-24 

Liberty Chlorpyrifos 4E 

Liberty Crop Protection89168–47Liberty Granular Insecticidehttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/31/2022-18838/cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations
NuFarm228–624Nufarm Chlorpyrifos SPC 4 Insecticidehttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/06/2023-24462/final-cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations-and-uses
228–625Nufarm Chlorpyrifos SPC 2 Insecticide
Tide84229–25Chlorpyrifos 4E AGhttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/06/2023-24462/final-cancellation-order-for-certain-chlorpyrifos-registrations-and-uses
84229–26Chlorpyrifos 15G

Winfield Solutions, LLC 

1381-243 

Tundra Supreme 

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/06/18/2024-13349/chlorpyrifos-amendment-to-existing-stocks-provisions-in-winfield-and-liberty-product-cancellation 

Winfield Solutions, LLC 

83222-20 

CPF 4E 

Winfield Solutions, LLC 

83222-34 

CPF 15G 

6. Which products may be used on food and when?

The following products were required, by June 30, 2025, to have updated labeling that limited food uses to only those crops that are consistent with questions 3 and 4 above. Use under previously approved labeling is no longer permitted. The following products may be used on specific food uses in accordance with the updated labeling only:

RegistrantEPA Reg. No.NameFederal Register Notice
Drexel19713-505Drexel Chlorpyrifos 15Ghttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/12/2024-29272/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain 
Drexel19713-520Drexel Chlorpyrifos 4E-AG
Drexel19713-521Drexel Chlorpyrifos 15GR
Drexel19713-599Drexel Chlorpyrifos 4E-AG2
Drexel19713-671Drexel Lambdafos Insecticide
Gharda93182-7Pilot 4E Chlorpyrifos Agricultural Insecticide

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/06/24/2024-13779/final-cancellation-order-for-cancelling-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-uses 

 

June 16, 2025, correction amendment for 93182-7:

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/16/2025-10958/chlorpyrifos-correction-to-the-cancellation-order-of-june-24-2024?utm_campaign=subscription+mailing+list&utm_medium=email&utm_source=federalregister.gov 

Gharda93182-8Pilot 15G Chlorpyrifos Agricultural Insecticide
Loveland34704-857Warhawkhttps://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/12/2024-29272/chlorpyrifos-final-cancellation-order-for-certain-pesticide-registrations-and-amendment-of-certain 
Loveland34704-1077Warhawk Clearform
Loveland34-704-1086Match-Up Insecticide

7. When did EPA approve amended labels deleting all food uses except for the 11?

EPA worked with registrants who submitted their amended labels and approved and stamped the labels by the end of September 2024.

8. What are the next steps in registration review for chlorpyrifos?

EPA will continue to evaluate the remaining uses as part of the ongoing registration review for chlorpyrifos, which includes the 11 remaining crop uses, as well as non-agricultural, non-food uses.  

Anticipated next steps in the chlorpyrifos registration review are expected to include:  

  • A revised human health risk assessment; and 

  • An amended PID that incorporates the developments since the 2020 PID.  

EPA is updating the human health risk assessment (HHRA). The conclusions from that assessment will inform any updates to the proposed mitigation measures from the 2020 PID. EPA expects to issue the updated HHRA in 2025 and an amended PID in 2026. Each document will be available for a 60-day public comment period. 

9. Has a decision been made regarding the 10X FQPA Safety Factor?

In the chlorpyrifos PID issued in December 2020, EPA retained the FQPA 10X safety factor in its HHRA in order “to take into account potential pre- and post-natal toxicity and completeness of the data with respect to exposure and toxicity to infants and children.” FFDCA § 408(b)(2)(C). There has not been a change to the 10X FQPA safety factor for chlorpyrifos at this time. Any changes to the FQPA safety factor would be discussed in the upcoming updated HHRA.

10. What uses were considered to be food uses prior to the cancellation of all food uses except for the 11?

Chlorpyrifos food uses included:

  • Terrestrial Food Crops and Greenhouse Food Crops including: Alfalfa, apple, asparagus, banana, bean (snap, lima), beet (sugar, table, including crops grown for seed), blueberry, brassica (cole) leafy vegetables (bok choy, broccoli rabe, broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, collard, kale, kohlrabi), caneberry, cherimoya, cherry (sour, sweet), citrus (lemon, orange, grapefruit and citrus, other), citrus orchard floor, corn (field, sweet, including crops grown for seed), cotton, cranberry, cucumber, date, feijoa, fig, grape, kiwifruit, leek, legume vegetables, mint, nectarine, onion (dry bulb), pea, peach, peanut, pear, pepper, plum, prune, pumpkin, radish (including crops grown for seed), rutabaga, sapote, seed and pod vegetables, sorghum (grain, milo), soybean, strawberry, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, tree nuts (almond, filbert, pecan, walnut, other), turnip, wheat, and seed treatment.
  • Food handling establishments, including food processing and food manufacturing establishments.
  • Commercial Livestock Uses: Poultry houses, turkey barns, swine barns, dairy barns/areas, hog barns, cattle ear tags (as labeled prior to January 10, 2024, label amendments), empty chicken houses, calf hutches, calving pens, milking parlors, and milk rooms.

11. What uses are considered to be non-food uses?

  • Ornamentals: Commercial production only (flowers, shrubs, evergreens, vines, shade, and flowering trees in nurseries or greenhouses only); Christmas trees; forest tree nurseries; commercial sod farms.
  • Applications of chlorpyrifos to or around fruit and nut trees (almonds, citrus, filbert, apple, cherry, nectarine, peach, pear, plum, prune) are considered a non-food use provided applications are made to non-bearing trees (i.e., trees without fruit present at the time of application and that will not bear fruit within one year).
  • Crops grown for seed (including grass): Food, feed, and non-food crops grown for seed are considered to be non-food/non-feed uses when covered by the following label restrictions:
    • There are extensive restrictions on the label for the pesticide used for treating the seed, including that the seed harvested from the crop bears labels with a prohibition against human consumption or use as an animal feed.
    • In addition, the label for the seed treatment pesticide states that "no portion of this seed crop may be used or distributed for food or feed for 1 year (365 days) after the last application of this product;" this includes all portions of the crop (e.g., forage, hay, meal, roots) and extends to grazing of animals in the fields.
  • Forest trees: Plantations, forest seed orchards, felled trees, cut stumps.
  • Tobacco.
  • Commercial indoor non-residential: Warehouses, ship holds, railroad boxcars, industrial plants, or containerized baits.
  • Commercial Livestock Uses: Cattle ear tags on beef and non-lactating dairy cattle, and on cattle in mating and cow-calf operations as long as the animals are not offered for slaughter within one (1) year of tag removal. 
  • Outdoor residential public health uses: fire ant mound (individual), mosquito control.
  • Outdoor non-residential: Golf courses, road medians, industrial plants, fence posts, utility poles, railroad ties, landscape timbers, logs, poles, and posts.
  • Indoor residential: Ant and roach bait (containerized).
  • Commercial outdoor: Underground utility cables and conduits; turf and ornamentals in road medians and industrial plant sites; interior treatment of warehouses, railroad boxcars, industrial plants, and manufacturing plants.
  • Turf: Golf course turf, turf in road medians, and turf in industrial plant sites.
  • Public health: USDA quarantine (i.e., soil treatment of containerized plants) in nurseries and greenhouses; fire ant mounds (individual mounds), and mosquito control.

12. When did EPA implement the NMFS Biological Opinion and what are the next steps for ESA?

On Jan. 18, 2017, as part of the registration review process and to meet its obligation under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), EPA issued nationwide biological evaluations (BEs) for the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion to assess risks to threatened and endangered (listed) species from registered uses of these organophosphate pesticides. EPA also initiated formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and reinitiated formal consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (together, “the Services”) based on the BE conclusions that these pesticides may affect certain listed species and/or their designated critical habitats. 

On March 2, 2022, EPA posted the NMFS draft biological opinion (BiOp) for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion for public comment. Public comments on NMFS draft revised BiOp were accepted for 60 days in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2002-0172 at www.regulations.gov. On June 30, 2022, NMFS released its nationwide final BiOp for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion. EPA implemented the BiOp for chlorpyrifos for the non-food-use pesticide products on March 29, 2024, with Bulletins and updated labels for these products. As of Sept. 30, 2024, EPA implemented the final BiOp for chlorpyrifos for the food-use pesticide products, with Bulletins and updated labels for these products.

EPA remains in consultation with the FWS towards their anticipated September 2028 BiOp.

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