Legislative and Regulatory Timeline for Cement Kiln Dust Waste
This timeline walks through the history of cement kiln dust (CKD) waste regulation since 1976 and includes information such as regulations, proposals, amendments and reports conducted.
| Date(s) | Action or Event | Notes on Significance to Fossil Fuel Combustion Wastes |
|---|---|---|
| 10/21/1976 | Enactment of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)(pdf)(662 KB) | |
| 12/18/1978 | EPA proposes first set of hazardous waste management standards (pdf) (volume 43 of the Federal Register (FR) starting on page 58945) (63 MB) | Wastes from cement kiln dust is proposed to be designated as one of the six “special wastes”, which are exempt from RCRA Subtitle C regulations |
| 10/12/1980 | Solid Waste Disposal Act Amendments enacted (4.58 MB) | Bevill amendment added: temporarily exempts three special wastes from hazardous waste regulation until further study is completed |
| 11/19/1980 | EPA promulgates interim final amendments to the hazardous waste regulations (pdf) (45 FR 76618)(491 MB) | Includes an exclusion for cement kiln dust from the definition of hazardous waste |
| 10/31/1983 | EPA misses the statutory deadline for submitting cement kiln dust waste report to Congress | |
| 03/8/1989 | The Environmental Defense Fund files suit again EPA for missing the deadline | |
| 06/19/1991 | EPA agrees to complete report to Congress on cement kiln dust | |
| 12/31/1993 | EPA submits a report to Congress on Cement Kiln Dust: | |
| 02/07/1995 | EPA issues its final regulatory determination for Cement Kiln Dust (pdf)(228 KB) | |
| 08/20/1999 | EPA publishes “Standard for the Management of Cement Kiln dust; Proposed Rule" (pdf)(615 KB) | |
| 07/25/2002 | EPA publishes a notice of data availability in the Federal Register (pdf)(136 KB) | Explains EPA is considering a new approach to cement kiln dust management |
Additional Information
Want to read more? Search the EPA archive to find:
- Additional Data Available on Wastes Studied in the Report to Congress on Cement Kiln Dust, July 25, 2002.
- Federal Register NODA: Extension of Public Comment Period – November 8, 2002.
- CKD Proposed Rule NODA Comments.
- Standards for the Management of Cement Kiln Dust; Proposed Rule, August 20, 1999.
- Environmental Fact Sheet: Management Standards Proposed for Cement Kiln Dust Waste.
- Extension of Public Comment Period – October 28, 1999.
- CKD Proposed Rule Comments.
- Final Regulatory Determination for CKD 1995.
- Report to Congress on Cement Kiln Dust 1993.
- Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data Submitted by the American Portland Cement Alliance (pdf).
- Cement Kiln Dust Groundwater Migration Pathway Report (pdf).
- Risk Assessment for Cement Kiln Dust Used as an Agricultural Soil Amendment; Draft Report (pdf).
- Technical Background Document: Compliance Cost Estimates for the Proposed Land Management Regulation of Cement Kiln Dust (pdf).
- Technical Background Document on Control of Fugitive Dust at Cement Manufacturing Facilities; Draft (pdf).
- Technical Background Document on Ground Water Controls at CKD Landfills; Draft (pdf).
- Evaluation of Metals Migration from Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) Piles Using the EPACMTP Groundwater Model; Draft (pdf).
- Examination of Metals Transport under Highly Alkaline Conditions (pdf).
- Technical Background Document on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of CKD Landfill Design Elements; Draft (pdf).
- Technical Background Document: Population Risks from Indirect Exposure Pathways, and Population Effects from Exposure to Airborne Particles from Cement Kiln Dust Waste.