Underlying Science for Climate Change Adaptation
Underlying science documents are grouped by interest to help communities and individuals to better understand the science of climate change and guide adaptation efforts.
Air Quality
Robust evidence links an increase in temperature averages with rising concentrations of ground-level ozone pollution in some regions, including many heavily populated areas. In addition, the intensity and frequency of wildfires is increasing with warmer temperatures and droughts. These conditions can complicate those working to achieve outdoor air quality standards. More frequent and intense extreme weather conditions also threaten indoor air quality.
- U.S. EPA. Assessment of the Impacts of Global Change on Regional U.S. Air Quality: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Ground-Level Ozone (An Interim Report of the U.S. EPA Global Change Research Program).
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
Water Management
- EPA Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Resources Website – Website detailing how warming temperatures, changes in precipitation, and sea level rise have affected and will likely continue to affect water supply and quality.
- EPA Climate Impacts on Coasts Website – Website detailing how sea level rise, changes in the frequency and intensity of storms, increases in precipitation, and warmer ocean temperatures may affect the health of coastal environments.
Waste Management & Emergency Response
Some extreme weather and climate events have increased in recent decades. Extreme weather may complicate contaminated site management, threaten the effectiveness of cleanup efforts, and increase the need for disaster debris management.
Public Health
Climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways, including impacts from increased extreme weather events, wildfires, and decreased air quality.
Adaptation Planning
Many states, cities, businesses, and federal government agencies have realized the importance of reducing the harm climate change can cause and have begun developing their own adaptation plans and adopting policies that strengthen resiliency.
Adaptation Planning Processes
Sector-Based
- U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit – Topics
- U.S. General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Information on efficient building operations, green buildings, and sustainable purchasing
If you want to know more about climate change science…
- EPA webpage on Climate Change Science
- EPA's Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act; Final Rule (2009) – The EPA Administrator finds that six greenhouse gases taken in combination endanger both the public health and the public welfare of current and future generations.
- U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit – The U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit provides scientific tools, information, and expertise to help people manage their climate-related risks and opportunities, and improve their resilience to extreme events.
- U.S. Climate Data Portal – The U.S. Climate Data Portal provides data, tools, and resources to conduct research, develop web and mobile applications, design data visualizations, and more.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)– The Sixth Assessment Report (2022) provides a clear and up to date view of the current state of scientific knowledge relevant to climate change.