Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
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Rule Summary
Portland Cement is the principal ingredient in concrete, which is used worldwide as the main building block of infrastructure construction as well as for commercial and residential structures.
Air toxics, also referred to as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), are those pollutants that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects. Portland cement manufacturing is an energy intensive process in which cement is made by grinding and heating a mixture of raw materials such as limestone, clay, sand, and iron ore in a rotary kiln. The kiln is a large furnace that is fueled by coal, oil, gas, coke and/or various waste materials. The product (called clinker) from the kiln is cooled, ground, and then mixed with a small amount of gypsum to produce portland cement.
The main source of air toxics emissions from a portland cement plant is the kiln. Emissions originate from the burning of fuels and heating of feed materials. Air toxics are also emitted from the grinding, cooling, and materials handling steps in the manufacturing process. Pollutants regulated under this rule are particulate matter, organic HAP, metals through the control of particulate matter, mercury, acid gases, and dioxin/furan.
Rule History
07/25/2018 - Final Risk and Technology Review Rule (83 FR 35122)
09/21/2017 - Proposed Risk and Technology Review Rule (82 FR 44254)
08/22/2017 - Final Rule: Alternative Monitoring Method (82 FR 39671)
08/22/2017 - Proposed Rule: Alternative Monitoring Method (82 FR 39712)
06/23/2017 – Direct Final Rule: Alternative Monitoring Method (82 FR 28562)
06/23/2017 - Proposed Rule: Alternative Monitoring Method (82 FR 28616)
07/25/2016 - Direct Final Rule (81 FR 48356)
07/25/2016 - Proposed Rule (81 FR 48372)
09/11/2015 – Final Rule; Correcting Amendments (80 FR 54728)
07/27/2015 – Final Amendments (80 FR 44772)
11/19/2014 – Proposed Rule (79 FR 68821)
02/12/2013 – Final Rule (78 FR 10006)
07/18/2012 – Proposed Rules on Reconsideration (77 FR 42368)
05/17/2011 - Denial in Part and Grant in Part of Petitions to Reconsider (76 FR 28318)
01/18/2011 – Direct Final Rule; Amendments (76 FR 2832)
01/18/2011 - Proposed Rule (76 FR 2860)
09/09/2010 – Final Rule (76 FR 54970)
06/09/2009 - Notice of Public Hearings and Extension of Public Comment Period (74 FR 27265)
05/06/2009 – Proposed Rule (74 FR 21136)
12/20/2006 – Final Rule (71 FR 76518)
01/09/2006 – Proposed Rule (71 FR 1403)
12/02/2005 – Proposed Rule; Amendments (70 FR 72330)
12/06/2002 – Final Rule; Amendments (67 FR 72580)
07/05/2002 – Final Rule; Clarifications and Corrections (67 FR 44766)
07/02/2002 – Partial Withdrawal of Direct Final Rule (67 FR 44371)
04/05/2002 – Proposed Rule (67 FR 16625) & Direct Final Rule (67 FR 16614)
10/04/2001 – Proposed Settlement for Public Comment (66 FR 50643)
06/14/1999 – Final Rule (64 FR 31898)
03/24/1998 – Proposed Rule (63 FR 14182)
Additional Resources
Section 114 ICR Data Phase 1 and 2 - Questionnaire and facility responses
Fact Sheet: Final Risk and Technology Review (7/13/2018)
Fact Sheet: Direct Final and Parallel Proposal (6/19/2017)
2010 Summary of Environmental and Cost Impacts for Portland Cement NESHAP
Regulatory Impact Analysis April 2009
Final Rules for Portland Cement Manufacturing Plants Fact Sheets (Actions from 1999 - 2015)
To find additional supporting documents for the rules until 2011, look through the documents in the docket folder.
To find additional supporting documents for the rules after 2011, look through the documents in the docket folder.
Regulation Navigation Tool: Reg Nav tools help owners and operators of facilities in certain industries determine the requirements of specific regulations. Reg Nav tools are online and interactive, and use the information entered to assess potential regulatory requirements.
Related Rules
NOx Control Technologies for the Cement Industry
Portland Cement Plants: New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Compliance
Applicability Determination Index (ADI). The ADI is maintained by EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) and provides a data base of memoranda dealing with applicability issues. The database is searchable by Subpart.