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  2. Circular Economy

Standardized Terms for Materials Accepted by Municipal Recycling Programs

This table lists a standardized set of terms with examples of materials that may be accepted by municipal recycling* programs in their curbside pick-up and drop-off programs. EPA’s standard scope of municipal solid waste (MSW) materials includes electronics, glass, metals, organics (food and yard trimmings), paper, plastics, textiles, tires, wood, and others. EPA developed and refined these definitions and examples based on feedback from public comments. Residents and communities should ensure that products are clean, so they are easier to process at the recycling facility, and more likely to be recycled.  

Material Category  **

Examples of Products and Materials

Common Methods of Collection 

Batteries  

Rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride) and primary batteries (e.g., alkaline, lithium, silver oxide) from small consumer electronics, large vehicles, personal electric mobility devices (e.g., scooters and e-bikes), and other battery-operated household devices. Some types of batteries may be collected through household hazardous waste processes  

Transfer stations, collection bins at retail, community collection events 

Electronics  

Computers and peripherals, drones, mobile devices, televisions, and wearable electronics   

Transfer stations, collection bins at retail, community collection events 

Glass   

Containers and packaging, glass found in appliances, consumer electronics and furniture  

Curbside collection, transfer stations, drop-off locations

Household Hazardous Waste  

Corrosives, flammables, fluorescent tubes, pesticides, solvents, paint, oil filters, other materials or products containing volatile chemicals when discarded by residents  

Transfer stations, drop-off locations, community collection events 

Metals  

Aluminum and tin/steel and cans, ferrous and nonferrous metals from appliances (e.g., refrigerators), metals recovered for recycling from incinerator bottom ash, consumer electronics and furniture  

Curbside collection, transfer stations 

Organics – Food  

Any substance—whether processed, semi-processed, or raw—that is intended for human consumption. “Food” includes drink, and any substance that has been used in the manufacture, preparation, or treatment of food, and includes inedible parts (e.g., eggshells and bones), as well as fats, cooking oils and grease  

Curbside collection for composting, composting drop-off sites 

Organics – Yard Trimmings  

Brush and branches, grass, leaves, tree trimmings  

Curbside collection for composting, composting drop-off sites, transfer station 

Paper –   

Fiber and Paperboard  

Paperboard packaging, corrugated containers (cardboard boxes), direct mail, magazines and catalogs, newspapers and inserts, office papers, paper products (books, paper towels, tissues, paper plates and paper cups), plastic- or aluminum-lined containers and cartons 

Curbside collection, compost (food-soiled paper and cardboard), mailed recycling (plastic- or aluminum-lined containers and cartons) 

Plastic

Bottles and containers; durable plastics found in appliances, furniture and sporting and recreational equipment; rigid, flexible and expanded foam packaging

Curbside, transfer station

Plastic Film Plastic bags and wraps Collection bins at retail/grocery

Textiles  

Apparel, fiber from apparel, carpets and rugs, footwear, furniture, and linens (sheets and towels)

Transfer stations, collection bins at retail

Tires  

Tires from automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, light-duty trucks, commercial trucks and buses

Transfer stations 

Wood  

Barrels, crates, pallets, small quantities of lumber and engineered wood from residential, commercial and institutional sources, and wood furniture  

Transfer stations 

Other  

Mattresses 

Transfer stations 

Notes:

*The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law language describes this type of recycling as “residential recycling.” EPA is choosing to use the term “municipal recycling” to include curbside residential recycling, commercial recycling, drop-off programs, and other MSW streams (such as multifamily homes).

**Check with your local recycling or composting program to confirm materials are accepted by the community curbside and drop-off programs. 

Circular Economy

  • Circular Economy Basics
  • National Recycling Strategy
  • National Strategy for Reducing Food Loss and Waste and Recycling Organics
  • National Strategy to Prevent Plastic Pollution
  • Funding Infrastructure Improvements
  • Recycling Toolkit
  • Sustainable Materials Management
  • Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Contact Us About Circular Economy
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on October 24, 2024
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