Control Techniques Guidelines and Alternative Control Techniques Documents for Reducing Ozone-Causing Emissions

Control Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) are used to help determine VOC RACT while Alternative Control Techniques (ACTs) describe available control technologies and their respective cost effectiveness.

PollutantEPA ReportDescription
Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG)
VOCEPA-450/R-75-102
1975/11		Design Criteria for Stage I Vapor Control Systems – Gasoline Service Stations (pdf) (15 pp, 766KB)
Note – This document is regarded as a CTG although it was never published with an EPA document number.
VOCEPA-450/2-76-028
1976/11		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume I: Control Methods for Surface Coating Operations (pdf) (174 pp, 4.6MB)
Note – Although often listed with the CTGs for historical reasons, this document does not define RACT for any source. It is a compilation of control techniques.
VOCEPA-450/2-77-008
1977/05		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume II: Surface Coating of Cans, Coils, Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles, and Light-Duty Trucks (pdf) (232 pp, 2.7MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-022
1977/11		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Solvent Metal Cleaning (pdf) (229 pp, 7.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-025
1977/10		Control of Refinery Vacuum Producing Systems, Wastewater Separators, and Process Unit Turnarounds (pdf) (50 pp, 1.3MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-026
1977/10		Control of Hydrocarbons from Tank Truck Gasoline Loading Terminals (pdf) (62 pp, 1.6MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-032
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume III: Surface Coating of Metal Furniture (pdf) (66 pp, 1.9MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-033
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume IV: Surface Coating of Insulation of Magnet Wire (pdf) (44 pp, 1.1MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-034
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume V: Surface Coating of Large Appliances (PDF 70 pp, 2.1MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-035
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Bulk Gasoline Plants (pdf) (49 pp, 1.3MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-036
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Storage of Petroleum Liquids in Fixed-Roof Tanks (pdf) (43 pp, 1.1MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-77-037
1977/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Use of Cutback Asphalt (pdf) (18 pp, 481KB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-022
1978/05		Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources (pdf) (580 pp, 21.9MB)
Note – This document is often listed with CTGs, but it does not define RACT for any particular source
VOCEPA-450/2-78-015
1978/06		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VI: Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (pdf) (82 pp, 2.6MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-032
1978/06		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VII: Factory Surface Coating of Flat Wood Paneling (pdf) (66 pp, 2.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-036
1978/06		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment (pdf) (78 pp, 6.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-029
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products (pdf) (134 pp, 3.8MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-030
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires (pdf) (72 pp, 1.6MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-033
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VIII: Graphic Arts-Rotogravure and Flexography (pdf) (64 pp, 1.9MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-047
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating Roof Tanks (pdf) (66 pp, 2.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/2-78-050
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Systems (pdf) (76 pp, 2.5MB)
Note – Perchloroethylene has been exempted as a VOC, so this CTG is no longer relevant. However, there is a MACT standard for perchloroethylene dry cleaners.
VOCEPA-450/2-78-051
1978/12		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Systems (pdf) (32 pp, 887KB)
VOCEPA-450/3-82-009
1982/09		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Large Petroleum Dry Cleaners (pdf) (174 pp, 5.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-83-008
1983/11		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Manufacture of High-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene Resins (pdf) (308 pp, 14.0MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-83-007
1983/12		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Equipment Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing Plants (pdf) (194 pp, 6.3MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-83-006
1984/03		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Synthetic Organic Chemical Polymer and Resin Manufacturing Equipment (pdf) (148 pp, 6.2MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-84-015
1984/12		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (pdf) (259 pp, 9.4MB)
VOCEPA-450/4-91-031
1993/08		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Reactor Processes and Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (pdf) (277 pp, 8.7MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-96-007
1996/04		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations (pdf) (288 pp, 13.8MB)
Note – Wood Furniture (CTG-MACT) – Draft MACT out 5-1994; Final CTG issued 4-1996. See also 61 FR-25223, May 20, 1996 and 61 FR-50823, September 27, 1996.
VOCEPA-453/R-94-032
1994/04		Alternative Control Technology Document – Surface Coating Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities (pdf) (217 pp, 9.8MB)
Note – For CTG, see 61 FR-44050, August 27,1996
VOC61 FR-44050 8/27/96
1996/08		Control Techniques Guidelines for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Operations (Surface Coating) (pdf) (30 pp, 4.0MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-94-032.
VOC59 FR-29216 6/06/94
1994/06		Aerospace MACT (pdf) (37 pp, 6MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-97-004.
VOCEPA-453/R-97-004
1997/12		Aerospace (CTG & MACT) (pdf) (62 pp, 288KB)
Note – See also 59 FR-29216, June 6, 1994.
VOCEPA-453/R-06-001
2006/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Industrial Cleaning Solvents (pdf) (290 pp, 7.6MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-06-002
2006/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Offset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress Printing (pdf) (52 pp, 349KB)
VOCEPA-453/R-06-003
2006/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Flexible Package Printing (pdf) (33 pp, 216KB)
VOCEPA-453/R-06-004
2006/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Flat Wood Paneling Coatings (pdf) (27 pp, 212KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-07-003
2007/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Paper, Film, and Foil Coatings (pdf) (102 pp, 488KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-07-004
2007/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Large Appliance Coatings (pdf) (44 pp, 374KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-07-005
2007/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Metal Furniture Coatings (pdf) (100 pp, 293KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-08-003
2008/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings (pdf) (143 pp, 897KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-08-004
2008/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing Materials (pdf) (41 pp, 336KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-08-005
2008/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives (pdf) (47 pp, 350KB)
VOCEPA 453/R-08-006
2008/09		Control Techniques Guidelines for Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Assembly Coatings (pdf) (44 pp, 2.64MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-08-002.
VOCEPA 453/R-08-002
2008/09		Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Primer-Surfacer and Topcoat Operations (pdf) (129 pp, 450KB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-08-006.
VOCEPA-453/B-16-001
2016/10		Control Techniques Guidelines for the Oil and Natural Gas Industry (pdf) (343 pp, 1.6 MB)
Alternative Control Technology (ACT)
VOCEPA-450/3-83-012
1983/05		Control Techniques for Organic Emissions from Plywood Veneer Dryers (pdf) (113 pp, 3.4MB)
Note – This document is labeled as a control technique document (CTD) rather than an ACT. However, the information is similar to that in an ACT.
VOCEPA-450/3-88-007
1988/08		Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Application of Traffic Markings (pdf) (52 pp, 1.6MB)
Note – The Architectural and Industrial Maintenance coatings (AIM) national rule issued in 1998 includes limits for traffic coatings and superseded the ACT.
VOCEPA-450/3-89-007
1989/03		Alternative Control Technology Document – Ethylene Oxide Sterilization / Fumigation Operations (pdf) (102 pp, 3.2MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-89-030
1989/08		Alternative Control Technology Document – Halogenated Solvent Cleaners (pdf) (239 pp, 6.7MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-91-007
1990/12		Alternative Control Technology Document – Organic Waste Process Vents (pdf) (192 pp, 6.9MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-90-020
1990/09		Control of VOC Emissions from Polystyrene Foam Manufacturing (pdf) (113 pp, 3.5MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-92-017
1992/12		Alternative Control Technology Document – Bakery Ovens (pdf) (126 pp, 1.2MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-92-018
1992/12		Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Stationary Sources (pdf) (287 pp, 9.2MB)
VOCEPA-453/D-93-056
1992/09		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Industrial Wastewater CTG (draft) (pdf) (234 pp, 9.4MB)
Note – CTG not finalized but issued as ACT in 1994.
VOC(No Report ID)
1994/04		Industrial Wastewater Alternative Control Technology (pdf) (266 pp, 9MB)
Note – ACT consists of cover memo with option tables + CTG (draft) EPA-453/D-93-056.
VOCEPA-453/R-92-011
1993/03		Control of VOC Emissions from the Application of Agricultural Pesticides (pdf) (250 pp, 9.8MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-94-001
1994/01		Alternative Control Techniques Document – Volatile Organic Liquid Storage In Floating and Fixed Roof Tanks (pdf) (202 pp, 8.6MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-93-020
1994/02		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Batch Processes ACT (pdf) (377 pp, 11.9MB)
Note – Document also released under the Report ID of EPA-453/R-93-017.
VOCEPA-453/R-94-015
1994/02		Alternative Control Techniques Document – Industrial Cleaning Solvents (pdf) (234 pp, 10.6MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-94-017
1994/02		Alternative Control Techniques Document – Surface Coating of Automotive/Transportation and Business Machine Plastic Parts (pdf) (207 pp, 6.3MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-94-031
1994/04		Alternative Control Techniques Document – Automobile Refinishing (pdf) (90 pp, 3.6MB)
Note – A national rule for autobody refinishing was issued in 1998 after the ACT.
VOC/PMEPA-453/R-94-032
1994/04		Alternative Control Techniques Document – Surface Coating Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities (pdf) (217 pp, 9.0MB)
Note – This was superseded by the Ship Building CTG which was issued in August 1996.
VOCEPA-453/D-95-001
1993/09		Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Offset Lithographic Printing (pdf) (246 pp, 8.6MB)
Note – Draft CTG predecessor to the ACT released under the Report ID of EPA-453/R-94-054.
VOCEPA-453/R-94-054
1994/06		Alternative Control Techniques Document: Offset Lithographic Printing – Supplemental Information Based on Public Comment on Draft Control Techniques Guidance announced in Federal Register November 8, 1993 (pdf) (25 pp, 57KB)
Note – See draft CTG (EPA-453/D-95-001) September 1993.
NOxEPA-453/3-91-026
1991/12		NOx Emissions from Nitric and Adipic Acid Manufacturing Plants (pdf) (146 pp, 312KB)
NOxEPA-453/R-93-007
1993/01		NOx Emissions from Stationary Combustion Turbines (pdf) (399 pp, 1.2MB)
NOxEPA-453/R-93-034
1993/09		NOx Emissions from Process Heaters (pdf) (216 pp, 8.5MB)
Note – Revised September 1993.
NOxEPA-453/R-93-032
1993/07		NOx Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (pdf) (340 pp, 13.3MB)
Note – Updated September 2000.
NOxEPA-453/R-94-004
1994/03		NOx Emissions from Cement Manufacturing (pdf) (198 pp, 624KB)
Note – Updated September 2000.   See document EPA-457/R-00-002.
NOxEPA-457/R-00-002
2000/09		NOx Control Technologies for the Cement Industry: Final Report (pdf) (123 pp, 1.09MB)
Note – Update to March 1994 ACT document EPA-453/R-94-004.
NOxEPA-453/R-94-022
1994/03		NOx Emissions from Industrial, Commercial & Institutional Boilers (pdf) (479 pp, 18.8MB)
NOxEPA-453/R-94-023
1994/03		Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Utility Boilers (pdf) (538 pp, 18.8MB)
NOxEPA-453/R-94-037
1994/06		Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Glass Manufacturing (pdf) (161 pp, 4.2MB)
NOxEPA 453/R-94-065
1994/09		Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Iron and Steel Mills (pdf) (170 pp, 7.9MB)
VOCEPA-450/3-88-009
1988/10		Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Automobile Refinishing (pdf) (112 pp, 896KB)
Other Control Technology Documents
SOxEPA-450/2-77-019
1977/09		Final Guideline Document: Control of Sulfuric Acid Mist Emissions from Existing Sulfuric Acid Production Units (pdf) (188 pp, 5.3MB)
NOxEPA-450/1-78-001
1978/01		Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources – Second Edition (pdf) (396 pp, 14.0MB)
Note – This document is the second edition of the EPA document entitled: Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources. This document was first published in 1970 as National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-67.
VOCEPA-450/2-78-022
1978/05		Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources (pdf) (580 pp, 21.9MB)
VOCEPA-453/R-95-010
1996/04		Beyond Volatile Organic Compound-Reasonably Available Control Technology – Control Technology Guidelines Requirements (pdf) (442 pp, 10.6MB)
VOC
EPA-453/R-97-002
1997/09
A Guide to the Wood Furniture CTG and NESHAP (pdf) (177 pp, 8.5 MB)
VOC
EPA-453/R-00-004
1998/09
Preliminary Industry Characterization:  Wood Building Products Surface Coating (pdf) (50 pp, 1.8 MB)

Ground-level Ozone Pollution

Contact Us About Ozone Pollution
Contact Us About Ozone Pollution to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on December 18, 2025