Superfund Sites in Reuse in Georgia
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Armstrong World Industries
The 130-acre Armstrong World Industries Superfund site is in Macon, Georgia, next to the Macon Naval Ordnance Plant Superfund site. The site consists of two parcels. Since 1948, Armstrong World Industries (AWI) has made ceiling tiles on the northern parcel. This area includes the manufacturing area, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the 7.7-acre WWTP landfill and the 3.8-acre Woodyard Landfill. AWI capped the Woodyard Landfill in 2004 with state oversight. The southern parcel includes the Armstrong Remote Landfill, which is next to the Former Macon Naval Ordnance Landfill. Both areas border Rocky Creek. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2011. Cleanup work at the site has been divided into two parts, or operable units (OUs). OU1 used Superfund's removal authority to cap the WWTP Landfill. Construction finished in 2016. The WWTP Landfill cap includes a pollinator meadow that provides erosion control for the engineered cap’s soil cover. The Armstrong Macon Meadow hosts over 50 native plants that reflect the natural history of central Georgia. It provides habitat for bees, butterflies, birds and other species, while also providing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to mowing the cap each year. Collaboration among EPA Region 4, AWI and the nonprofit Pollinator Partnership made the meadow possible. AWI is the sole party responsible for OU1. OU2 will address Rocky Creek fish/biota/sediment and both landfills next to Rocky Creek. In 2018, EPA completed negotiations with several parties, including AWI, which will be responsible for the OU2 cleanup. Investigations, cleanup planning and monitoring for OU2 are ongoing.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 453 people and generated an estimated $82,923,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Sites in Reuse: Armstrong World Industries, Inc (PDF)
- Supporting the Health of Pollinators: Ecological Reuse and the Armstrong World Industries Superfund Site (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
Brunswick Wood Preserving
The 84-acre Brunswick Wood Preserving Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. From 1958 to 1991, a wood-treating facility was on site. Operations included the three major types of wood treating: creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chromium/copper/arsenic (CCA). Facility operations contaminated groundwater, soil and sediment. In 1989, a major spill of PCP-contaminated diesel fuel hit Burnett Creek. In 1991, the state completed an investigation. Shortly after, the facility caught on fire and ceased operations. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1997. Cleanup includes digging up of contaminated areas, treatment and capping of contaminated soil and sediment, solidification of contaminated soil in place, groundwater treatment, and monitoring. Groundwater treatment and monitoring are ongoing. A marine repair and boat services business is active on site. The site’s ecological resources include a creek and a swamp. In 2022, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program and Region 4 conducted an assessment that evaluated the potential for commercial, industrial and recreational reuse at the site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information:
Camilla Wood Preserving Company
The 54-acre Camilla Wood Preserving Company Superfund site is in Camilla, Georgia. Wood-treating facilities were on site from 1947 to 1991. Their operations contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA led investigations and short-term cleanups from 1991 to 2007. Cleanup included wastewater treatment and disposal, fencing, and removal of contaminated soil, equipment and debris. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1998. Ongoing cleanup is addressing contamination on the eastern part of the site. The city of Camilla (City) used EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program pilot funding in 2002 for a reuse planning process led by a community-based committee. Today, the Mitchell County Recreation Complex offers several soccer fields and an RV park. Other site reuses also include an aerobics classroom, office space for Mitchell County’s Parks and Recreation Department, a concession stand and parking. In 2012, EPA Region 4 recognized the City and Mitchell County with its Excellence in Site Reuse award. Potential future uses at the site include basketball courts, baseball fields, batting cages, a playground, picnic tables and a volleyball court.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 5 people. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Site Redevelopment Profile for the Camilla Wood Preserving Superfund Site (PDF)
- Camilla Wood Preserving Company, Camilla, GA - Reuse Framework (PDF)
- Growing Toward Tomorrow, Together: Integrating Remedy and Reuse - The Camilla Wood Preserving Superfund Site in Camilla, Georgia (PDF)
- Region 4 Excellence in Site Reuse Award: Camilla Wood Preserving Company
- Superfund Site Profile Page
Cedartown Industries, Inc.
The 7-acre Cedartown Industries, Inc. Superfund site is in Cedartown, Georgia. Iron ore smelting operations began on site in the 1870s. Production of plows and pumps began in the 1930s. From 1978 to 1980, secondary lead smelting took place on site. In 1986, an inspection by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division found that site activities contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater with heavy metals. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Later that year, cleanup activities included the removal and disposal of slag, contaminated debris, soil, wastewater and sediment. In 1996 and 1997, the site’s potentially responsible parties did more cleanup. Activities included the excavation and on-site treatment of contaminated soil and long-term groundwater monitoring. Institutional controls restrict land and groundwater use. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2006. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. A trucking operation is active on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 3 people and generated an estimated $622,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Cedartown Municipal Landfill
The 94-acre Cedartown Municipal Landfill Superfund site is in Cedartown, Georgia. In the 1960s, a municipal landfill was on site. It closed in 1979. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup included landfill cover and seep inspections, groundwater monitoring and institutional controls. In 1996, the city of Cedartown annexed landfill-area properties and put institutional controls on them. A city ordinance restricts the installation of wells. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 1999. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Polk County uses the site for various purposes, including maintenance operations and animal control. A paper product distributor and packing supply business operate on the site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 3 people and generated an estimated $2,569,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Albany Plant)
The 329-acre Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (Albany Plant) Superfund site is near Albany, Georgia. Firestone Tire and Rubber Company made tires on site from 1968 to 1986. Its facility included a 1.84-million-square-foot building with a courtyard area for material handling and shipping. As part of shutting down its operations, the company led voluntary site assessment and cleanup activities. Cooper Tire purchased the facility and made tires on site until 2009. A 1988 site inspection found that site activities had contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included the excavation of contaminated soil, extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater, groundwater monitoring, and well construction and water use restrictions. Soil cleanup finished in 1998. The groundwater recovery system initiated while the facility was operating was evaluated and continued as a part of the superfund cleanup. A system modification study was performed for the former Firestone site in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate whether pumping from the groundwater recovery system could be discontinued and to evaluate passive diffusion bag sampling. Recommendations provided in the System Modification Study Report, dated August 1, 2012, included the cessation of pumping from the groundwater recovery system, enhanced groundwater monitoring, and the use of passive diffusion bag samplers. One of the statements contained in the System Modification Study Report indicates that “If COCs are detected at increasing concentrations in any of the groundwater samples, quarterly confirmation samples will be collected for one year. If the increased detection is confirmed, then the groundwater recovery system will be reactivated, the monthly system inspection will be reinstituted, and future management of the system will be reevaluated.” To date, concentrations of COCs have been stable or generally decreasing over time and there has not been a need to reactivate the groundwater recovery system. Groundwater samples will be collected every five years during the third year of the Five- Year Review evaluation period to allow time for data to be included in the Five-Year Review Report. The wells will be sampled during the season that has historically shown the highest concentrations, which is around spring. The next scheduled sampling event is in 2024.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 57 people and generated an estimated $7,552,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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GAO 144 - Zonolite Road
The 16-acre GAO 144 - Zonolite Road site is in Atlanta, Georgia. A vermiculite expansion plant was on site from 1950 to 1970. As much as 1,225 tons of vermiculite concentrate from W.R. Grace’s vermiculite mine in Libby, Montana, came to the site. Cleanup included excavation and off-site disposal of vermiculite and asbestos-contaminated materials, including soil. Cleanup restored natural stormwater flow, resolving problems with extensive area flooding prior to cleanup. After grading and ecological restoration activities, volunteers planted trees and added trails to help the community enjoy the views of the South Fork of Peachtree Creek. Today, 13-acre Zonolite Park, now owned by DeKalb County, features 1.5 miles of walking trails, picnic tables and bird-watching resources. The park’s natural features include an old-growth forest, a native meadow and a wetland garden. Local wildlife includes deer, fish, frogs and birds such as songbirds, hawks and herons. Zonolite Park is also home to Nickel Creek Community Garden, which includes plots for community use, a rainwater irrigation system and a pollinator garden. EPA Region 4 presented the South Fork Conservancy with its Excellence in Site Reuse award for their work restoring the area’s natural ecology and transforming Zonolite Park into a recreation resource. An independent Zen Buddhist Meditation Center is also on site, next to Zonolite Park.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 24 people and generated an estimated $348,290 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Hercules 009 Landfill
The 16.5-acre Hercules 009 Landfill Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. From 1948 to 1980, Hercules, Inc. used 7 acres at the northern end of the site, known as the 009 Landfill, for waste disposal. In March 1980, sampling by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (Georgia EPD) found contamination on site. Georgia EPD then canceled Hercules’ permit to operate the landfill. In 1982, landfill operations ceased. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. In 1991 and 1993, EPA issued cleanup plans. Cleanup included stabilizing on-site soil and sludge, putting in and maintaining a cap over the landfill, and monitoring groundwater, surface water and sediment in the on-site pond and the drainage ditch next to the site. Taking advantage of the location of the landfill cap, a car dealership north of the site worked with Hercules, Inc., the potentially responsible party (PRP), to return the site to use. The dealership fenced and paved the top of the capped landfill to create a parking lot to display its cars. This use helped further preserve the integrity of the capped landfill. The PRP also worked with the Wildlife Habitat Council to obtain a Conservation Certification for the pond area on site. The PRP put in wildlife cameras, basking logs and cover boards to attract insects and reptiles. The cameras have documented raccoons, foxes, squirrels and birds at the site. A vacant property at the site is ready for reuse. In 2019, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) and EPA Region 4 began supporting a regional seed project for two Superfund sites in Brunswick, including the site. Project activities include working with stakeholder groups to discuss community goals and future land use and long-term stewardship options for properties at both sites.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable to site use. For additional information click here.
- Site Redevelopment Profile for the Hercules 009 Landfill Site (PDF)
- Sites in Continued Use: Glynn County Commercial Property (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
LCP Chemicals Georgia
The 813-acre LCP Chemicals Georgia Superfund site is in Brunswick, Georgia. It consists mainly of tidal marsh. Industrial plants were on site from the early 1920s to 1994. Manufacturing activities, including an oil refinery, a paint manufacturing company, a power plant and a chlor-alkali plant, caused contamination at the site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996. Cleanup is ongoing. In September 2015, EPA selected the final remedy for the tidal marsh. EPA worked with the U.S. Department of Justice on the Consent Decree for the marsh’s cleanup. The marsh cleanup is expected to be complete in September 2023. After working closely with EPA, Glynn County decided to use part of the site property for a county detention center. Honeywell Corporation, the site owner, and Glynn County finalized a $475,000 agreement for use of a 35-acre tract for the 612-bed jailhouse. The $27.4 million facility opened in September 2014. It includes administrative office space for Glynn County Sheriff's Office.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 150 people. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Sites in Continued Use: Glynn County Commercial Property (PDF)
- LCP Chemicals Operable Unit 3 Quadrant 1 Ready for Reuse Determination (2012) (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
Macon Naval Ordnance Plant
The 433-acre Macon Naval Ordnance Plant Superfund site is in Macon, Georgia, next to the Armstrong World Industries Superfund site. From 1941 to 1965, the U.S. Navy and its contractors made ordnance and conducted metal plating on site. From 1965 to 1981, companies continued these operations as well as seat-belt manufacturing. Improper handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances resulted in sitewide contamination, including trichloroethylene (TCE), in groundwater beneath the site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2013. Macon-Bibb County Industrial Authority has operated Allied Industrial Park on the site since 1980. Commercial and industrial businesses are on site. In 2018, EPA completed negotiations with several potentially responsible parties for site investigations and cleanup planning. These efforts are ongoing.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 14 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 183 people and generated an estimated $87,673,660 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Marzone Inc./Chevron Chemical Co.
The Marzone Inc./Chevron Chemical Co. Superfund site is in Tifton, Georgia. A pesticide and herbicide formulation plant was on part of the site from 1950 to 1970. Several other companies owned and ran the plant from 1970 to 1983. From the late 1960s to 1992, companies operated a formulation and packaging plant for pesticides and fertilizers on another part of the site. Operations at both plants contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. In 1989, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup activities by the site’s potentially responsible party included the removal of contaminated soil and sediment, groundwater treatment, groundwater use restrictions, and monitoring of the natural breakdown of contaminants. Cleanup included the decontamination of buildings and equipment. Groundwater cleanup is ongoing. The property owner leased out part of the site after soil cleanup. Current site uses include warehousing and scrap metal recycling.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information:
Monsanto Corp. (Augusta Plant)
The 75-acre Monsanto Corp. (Augusta Plant) Superfund site is in an industrial park in Augusta, Georgia. Chemical plant operations involving the production of phosphoric acid began at the site in 1962. Monsanto Corporation (Monsanto) dumped wastes and sludge in two small landfills on site. Improper waste disposal practices led to groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Under the direction of EPA and the state of Georgia, Monsanto removed the contents of both landfills and took the waste off site for disposal at a licensed facility. Groundwater treatment followed. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. In 1998, EPA deferred the site to the state’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program and took the site off the NPL. In 1999, Prayon Inc. purchased the site property and continued phosphoric acid production. Cleanup activities enabled the facility to remain open throughout, retaining jobs and income in the community.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 80 people and generated an estimated $58,348,148 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Peach Orchard Rd PCE Groundwater Plume Site
The 350-acre Peach Orchard Rd PCE Groundwater Plume Superfund site is in Augusta, Georgia. Area land uses include small shopping centers, dry cleaners, gas stations, auto salvage yards and automotive repair shops. EPA found that four of nine area dry cleaners contributed to contamination in groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2005. Cleanup activities include groundwater treatment and soil removal and treatment. EPA made sure that commercial and residential uses at the site could continue during cleanup. EPA has cleaned up site soils and groundwater cleanup is ongoing. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.
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T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Co. (Albany Plant)
The 12-acre T.H. Agriculture & Nutrition Co. (Albany Plant) Superfund site is in Albany, Georgia. Two pesticide formulation facilities were on site from the 1950s to the 1980s. Improper waste handling operations contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included pumping and treating groundwater, treating contaminated soil, monitoring air quality and groundwater, and placing restrictions on land and groundwater use. As the groundwater pump and treat system was unsuccessful in bringing the groundwater to cleanup levels, a proposed plan for a new remedy was sent out in May 2023. A welding supply business and a construction company are on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 26 people and generated an estimated $9,015,091 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Westside Lead
The Westside Lead Superfund site is a 657-acre residential area in Atlanta in Fulton County, Georgia. Since the 1800s, industries have used areas north and east of the site. Those industries, including ammunitions manufacturers and foundries, generated slag and metal-containing wastes. This slag may have been used as fill at the site. In 2018, sampling found elevated lead levels in soil samples in Atlanta’s Westside neighborhood. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2022. Cleanup activities include excavation and disposal of contaminated soil and backfilling of excavated properties with clean soil. Continued uses at the site include commercial, residential, recreational and public service areas. Recreational uses include municipal parks and several community gardens. A connector trail to the Atlanta Beltline is east of the site. There are several schools and small businesses on site. In 2022, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) supported a regional seed project at the site. SRP prepared a fact sheet that covers the status of site properties and the sampling and cleanup process. It serves as a resource for property owners, community organizations and prospective purchasers. In 2023, the site was added to list of the sites selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information:
Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc.
The 31-acre Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc. Superfund site is in Fort Valley, Georgia. For more than 60 years, the Woolfolk Chemical Plant made a variety of agricultural pesticides on site. Over time, chemicals used at the plant seeped into the ground and polluted on site and nearby soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. EPA has conducted cleanup for soil, groundwater and nearby residential areas. As part of a redevelopment project, the Troutman House, an antebellum farmhouse, was refurbished and is now a welcome center and office space for the Fort Valley Chamber of Commerce. Fort Valley reuses also include another former home nearby as an adult education center. A Prospective Purchaser Agreement with EPA enabled Fort Valley to build a library and literacy center on site. EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program and EPA Region 4 provided support for a reuse plan at the site in 2002 and more reuse planning activities in 2008. In recognition of the local government’s proactive engagement and support of reuse, EPA presented the city of Fort Valley with Region 4’s Excellence in Site Reuse award in 2009. Two years later, public health staff from Peach County and Houston County received EPA’s Notable Achievement award. It recognized their sustained and thorough understanding of environmental justice concerns and assistance in providing opportunities for the Woolfolk community to play a meaningful role in environmental decision-making. EPA continues to work with the community to integrate local reuse priorities into cleanup for the remainder of the site. Further investigation of soil, sediment and groundwater on and off site continues to date in efforts to define the extent of the contamination. Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks and a rail station are on the northwest part of the site. On occasion, a bus company parks buses on a paved area of the site. Fort Valley Festival Park opened on site in 2012 and is a major tourism draw for the area. The Fort Valley Public Works Department also built a community playground on site in 2013.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 6 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 24 people and generated an estimated $5,969,034 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Superfund Site Profile Page
- Sites in Continued Use: Fort Valley Mixed Use Property (PDF)
- Region 4 Excellence in Site Reuse Award: Woolfolk Chemical Works, Inc.
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Video: Superfund Success - Life After Superfund