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Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Testing
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Science and Technology Development at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL)

On this page:
  • Low Emission Light-Duty Vehicle Technology
  • Low Emission Heavy-Duty Technology

The National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) leads in the development of scientific laboratory-based testing methods to assess advanced vehicle technology in support of EPA’s compliance and regulation activities in the transportation sector.  This state-of-the-art test facility provides a wide array of dynamometer and analytical testing and engineering services supporting the Office of Transportation and Air Quality’s technology assessment and test method development programs for light-duty cars and trucks, heavy-duty engines, and small non-road engines. 

NVFEL, which is an ISO 17025:2017 accredited and ISO 14001:2015 certified laboratory, has a long history of conducting research, development, demonstration and commercialization programs associated with advanced automotive engines, drivetrains, testing equipment and test methods. The laboratory has been issued over 90 U.S. patents on advanced technology developed at the lab and continues to be a leading innovator in finding novel ways to assess and reduce the environmental impact of vehicles, engines and fuels.  

Low Emission Light-Duty Vehicle Technology

The National Center for Advanced Technology (NCAT) located at NVFEL develops technical methods to assess the effectiveness of advanced emission and fuel consumption technologies for a broad range of key light-duty applications.  These activities fall broadly into the following categories:

  1. Benchmarking the Technology:
    Tethered Vehicle-Engine Benchmarking
              Tethered Vehicle-Engine Benchmarking
    The NCAT team characterizes advanced technology vehicles, engines and transmissions using scientific laboratory testing and analysis methods to benchmark emissions and fuel consumption performance.

    For more information on benchmarking, see:
    • Benchmarking Advanced Low Emission Light-Duty Vehicle Technology

  2. Combining Data into Complete Engine Maps:
    Sample BSFC Complete Engine Map
    Sample Complete Engine Map for Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
    To robustly characterize vehicle operation for a variety of analytical and modeling purposes, a complete engine map for fuel consumption (BSFC) is required for each engine modeled in a simulation project. These maps identify an engine’s fuel consumption across the entire operating boundaries of the engine, including idle, wide-open-throttle, minimum motoring torque and maximum operating speed.
     

    NCAT has developed a consistent process to create complete engine maps (fuel consumption and efficiency) utilizing benchmarking test data and other published technical materials. These complete engine maps are used both for vehicle simulations (see below) and for engineering analyses in technical papers. For more information on complete engine maps, see:

    •  Combining Data into Complete Engine Maps

  3. Simulating the Operation of Future Vehicle Technology Packages:
    Example Drive Schedules Used in  Benchmark Testing
        Example Drive Schedules Used in Benchmark Testing

    EPA’s Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) tool uses complete engine maps (described above) and other technical component data to perform full vehicle simulations for many different vehicle technology configurations. ALPHA is a physics-based full vehicle simulation tool which estimates fuel consumption and emission results from vehicles configured with various combinations of advanced technologies as driven over various types of driving schedules used in laboratory benchmark testing (illustrated by the examples in the image on the right).

    Related Topic

    Midterm Evaluation (MTE) of Light-Duty Vehicle GHG Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025

    The ALPHA model supports various EPA emission control programs. ALPHA simulation results have been used in technical engineering analyses of CO2 emissions from advanced automotive technologies which could be used to meet light-duty vehicle standards, as well as in numerous technical papers, see:

    • Technical Publications Concerning Benchmarking
       

    For more information on ALPHA simulation, see:

    • Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) Model

Low Emission Heavy-Duty Technology

Related Topic

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM) for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Compliance

The Engine Testing Center (ETC) tests heavy-duty engine technologies and the Advanced Testing Center (ATC) performs heavy-duty chassis testing.  Both support EPA’s heavy- and medium-duty truck criteria pollutant emission and fuel consumption standards. These testing teams support programs that demonstrate new technology and develop new test methods for heavy-duty on-road and non-road engines, powertrains and chassis. ETC measures the criteria emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty engines at various operating conditions.  The fuel consumption measurements were used to validate OTAQ’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM).  ATC measures the criteria emissions and fuel consumption of the entire heavy-duty truck chassis.

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Last updated on May 31, 2022
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