Stella Township PFAS Contamination
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What is the Current Site Status?
The Stella Township PFAS Contamination site is currently in the Site Inspection phase of the Superfund Site Assessment Process.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WNDR) is conducting this phase under a cooperative agreement with EPA. WDNR is sampling soil, sediment, private wells, and surface water for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These results will assist with evaluation of the site under the Hazard Ranking System, the primary mechanism EPA uses to determine eligibility for the National Priorities List.
Assessment Process
Superfund site assessments evaluate site conditions to identify appropriate responses to releases of hazardous substances to the environment. During this process EPA, states, tribes and other federal government environmental programs collect data to identify and evaluate hazardous waste sites.
Background
In the summer of 2022, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater launched a project to understand PFAS occurrence in Wisconsin's shallow groundwater by sampling 450 wells throughout the state. Wells were selected using a process designed to obtain an even geographic distribution of wells throughout the state. The project relied on the voluntary participation of the well owners, and WDNR paid for costs to analyze the water samples.
PFAS Sampling in Private Wells
During this study, sample results from a private well in the Town of Stella, Oneida County, indicated high levels of PFAS compounds in the water. Because of this result, WDNR, in consultation with the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS), offered free PFAS sampling to nearby private well owners. This additional sampling provided WDNR with more information to understand the extent of contamination in the area and private well owners with information about the concentrations of PFAS compounds in their drinking water. This additional sampling found other drinking water wells with high levels of PFAS contamination. In summer 2023, WDNR requested the site be evaluated under the EPA Superfund Site Assessment process.
Since 2022, WDNR has sampled surface water, fish, deer tissue, wastewater, and residual solids. More information about sampling and results is available on WDNR’s website.
What are PFAS?
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals, commonly used in commercial and industrial goods. PFAS break down very slowly over time. Exposure to some PFAS in the environment is linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals, such as increased risk of some cancers and developmental effects.