Science & Technology

Figure: Verified Predictions

Figure 3-10 illustrates the concept of using experience and knowledge to verify hypothesis' which can help to strengthen the case too.

Figures: Laboratory Tests of Site Media

Figures 3-8a and b illustrate the concept of the type of evidence "laboratory tests of site media".

Figures: Manipulation of Exposure

Figures 3-7a and 3-7b illustrates the different outcomes when you remove or don't remove the impairment.

Figure: Evidence of Exposure or Biological Mechanism

Figure 3-4 illustrates how to derive and evaluate evidence of exposure or biological mechanism.

Figures: Causal Pathway

Figures 3-5a and Figure 3-5b illustrate the concept of the Causal Pathway type of evidence that support or refute the case.

Figures: Stressor-Response Relationships from the Field

Figures 3-6a and 3-6b illustrate the concept when the impairment is more concentrated or diluted on the fish (ecosystem).

Figures: Temporal Sequence

Figures 3-9a and 3-9b, illustrate the temporal sequence type of evidence showing support and weakening the case.

Figures: Spatial/Temporal Co-occurrence

Figures 3-1a through Figure 3-3b illustrate the concept of Spatial/Temporal Co-occurrence

Spatial/Temporal Co-occurrence

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence of spatial/temporal co-occurrence.

Explanation of Evidence

This page illustrates and explains how to evaluate whether there is a reasonable explanation for inconsistent evidence.

Consistency of Evidence

This page shows how when the confidence in the argument for or against a candidate cause is increased even when many types of evidence consistently support or weaken it.

Mechanistically Plausible Cause

This page explain how to derive and evaluate evidence as a plausible mechanism.

Stressor-Response Relationships from Laboratory Studies

This page shows how to derive the cause using the evidence from laboratory studies.

Stressor-Response Relationships from Other Field Studies

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence using stressor-response relationships from other field studies.

Verified Predictions

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence of a verified prediction.

Laboratory Tests of Site Media

This page show how to derive and evaluate evidence from laboratory tests of site media.

Manipulation of Exposure

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence from studies that manipulate exposure.

Evidence of Exposure or Biological Mechanism

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence of exposure or biological mechanism.

Stressor-Response Relationships from the Field

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence of stressor-response relationships from the field.

Temporal Sequence

This page shows how to derive and evaluate evidence of a temporal sequence.