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  2. Ozone Layer Protection

Halons Program

Additional Information

EPA enforcement efforts

Guidance for Halon Emissions Reduction Rule (technician training and proper disposal)

On January 1, 1994, production and import of virgin halons were phased out in the United States. Since that time, recycled halons are the only supply of halons in the United States for specialty fire suppression applications. While alternatives are available for most halon-based fire extinguishing applications, halons are still employed for important applications such as on civil aircraft, in legacy military systems, and for oil and gas exploration. Sources of recycled halons include stockpiles and recovered agent from cylinders collected from decommissioned systems both in the United States and abroad.

U.S. Management of Halons

Management of halons in the United States over the last several decades combines strong collaboration by industry, government, and key users, effective regulations to reduce emissions, a smooth  transition to safe alternatives through revisions to industry standards, voluntary industry codes of practice, maintenance of halon banking, and government halon reserves. Commercial recyclers buy halon from decommissioned equipment, reclaim it to industry specifications and sell it into important, continuing uses such as aviation, military, and oil and gas exploration.

EPA regulations address the import, export, handling, and disposal of halons 1211, 1301, and 2402 and equipment containing them. The regulations cover the following:

  • Ban on Halon Blends
  • Intentional Releases
  • Technician Training
  • Proper Disposal
  • Import and Export of Used Halon 1301

Ban on Halon Blends

A halon blend is any mixture or combination of substances that contains two or more halons. Since 1998, it is unlawful to manufacture any halon blend.

Intentional Releases

EPA regulations prohibit the venting of halons during testing, maintenance, servicing, repair, or disposal of halon-containing equipment, or during the use of such equipment for technician training. Regulations also prohibit halon releases that occur because an owner failed to maintain halon-containing equipment to relevant industry standards.

The regulations exempt certain limited halon releases for health, safety, environmental, and other considerations:

  • De minimis releases associated with good faith efforts to recycle or recover halon. For example, the release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems is considered a de minimis release.
  • Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems or equipment only if the following four criteria are met: 1) systems or equipment employing suitable alternative agents are not available, 2) release of agent is essential to demonstrate system or equipment functionality, 3)failure of the system would pose great risk to human safety or the environment, and 4) a simulant agent cannot be used for the testing purposes.
  • Releases that occur during research and development for halon alternatives and analytical determinations of halon purity.
  • Releases associated with qualification and development testing during the design and development of halon-containing systems and equipment only when 1) such tests are essential to demonstrate functionality, and 2) a suitable simulant agent cannot be used for the testing.

This prohibition does not apply to emergency releases of halons for legitimate fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the systems or equipment were designed.

Technician Training

Technicians must be trained in handling and disposing of halons within 30 days of hire. Several industry organizations provide training guidelines and other relevant information. These include the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Key Resources

NFPA Standard 10

NFPA Standard 12A

Proper Disposal

Halon-containing equipment must be properly disposed of at the end of its useful life. Proper disposal means sending this equipment for halon recovery or recycling only to a facility (e.g., a manufacturer, fire equipment dealer, recycler, or an in-house recovery or recycling operation) operating in accordance with NFPA 10 (Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers) and NFPA 12A (Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems) standards. The halon itself must also be properly disposed of only by a facility operating in accordance with NFPA 10 and NFPA 12A, or destroyed using one of several controlled processes identified in the regulation.

Ancillary system devices, such as electrical components that are not necessary to the safe and secure containment of the halon, are not subject to this provision. In addition, equipment containing only de minimis quantities of halon is not subject to this requirement.

Import and Export of Used Halon 1301

EPA uses petitions to approve and track the import of used halons. Used halons must be imported via EPA's petition process. Below is a table showing the recent import and export of used halon 1301.

Imports Exports
2015
104,200 kg
2015
94,900 kg
2016
100,900 kg
2016
67,200 kg
2017
174,200 kg
2017
81,800 kg
2018
139,300 kg
2018
76,100 kg
2019
126,600 kg
2019
74,900 kg
2020
66,300 kg
2020
57,400 kg
2021
90,900 kg
2021
80,400 kg
2022
111,450 kg
2022
39,140 kg
2023
93,620 kg
2023
79,010 kg

Ozone Layer Protection

  • Background and Science
    • Basic Ozone Layer Science
    • Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion
    • Ozone-Depleting Substances
    • Current State of the Ozone Layer
    • Atmospheric and Health Effects Framework Model
    • EPA’s Vintaging Model of ODS Substitutes
  • Regulatory Programs Under the Clean Air Act
    • Ozone Protection under Title VI of the Clean Air Act
    • ODS Phaseout Program
    • Nonessential Products Ban
    • Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program
    • Stationary Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Program
    • Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Program
    • Enforcement Actions Under Title VI of the Clean Air Act
  • Related Actions and Programs
  • International Action
Contact Us For Information About Ozone Layer Science
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on March 20, 2025
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