Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table
The Technology Transitions Rule specified global warming potential (GWP) values of common substitutes for purposes of implementing this rule. These values are listed in 40 CFR 84.64 and are provided here as reference. Also provided here are the GWPs of a subset of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and blends calculated using the methodology discussed in the rule.
Global Warming Potentials for HFCs, HFC Blends, and Substitutes
| Substance Name | 100-Year Global Warming Potential | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 2-chloropropane | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| Acetone | 0.5 | IPCC 2007 |
| Acetone/isopentane blend | 1 | Calculated |
| Blends of 10% to 90% HFO-1234ze(E) by weight and the remainder HCFO-1233zd(E) | 1.3–3.7 | Calculated |
| Blends of 10% to 90% HFO-1234ze(E) by weight and the remainder HFC-152a | 13–112 | Calculated |
| Blends of 10% to 99% HFO-1336mzz(Z) by weight and the remainder HFC-152a | 3–112 | Calculated |
| Blends of 0% to 100% HFO-1234ze(E), 0% to 70% methyl formate, 0% to 60% HFC-152a, 0% to 60% carbon dioxide, 0% to 60% water | 1-80 | Calculated |
| Dimethyl ether | 1 | IPCC 2007 |
| Formic acid | 5 | SNAP 1996 |
| HCFO-1224yd(Z) | 1 | EPA 2023 |
| HCFO-1233yd(Z) | 1 | SNAP 2022 |
| HCFO-1233zd(E) | 4 | WMO 2022 |
| HFC-134a | 1,430 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-143a | 4,470 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-152a | 124 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-23 | 14,800 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-245fa | 1,030 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-32 | 675 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFC-365mfc | 794 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFE-347pcf2 | 987 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) | 297 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFE-569sf2 | 59 | IPCC 2007 |
| HFO-1234yf | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| HFO-1234ze(E) | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| HFO-1336mzz(E) | 26 | WMO 2022 |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z) | 2 | WMO 2022 |
| Hydrocarbons (C5-C20) | 1-2.7 | IPCC 2007 and WMO 2022 |
| Methoxytridecafluoroheptane (MPHE) isomers | 2.5 | SNAP 2015 |
| Methyl formate | 13 | WMO 2022 |
| Methylal (dimethoxymethane) | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| Oxygenated organic solvents (esters, ethers, alcohols, ketones) | 1-13 | IPCC 2007 and WMO 2022 |
| R-170 (ethane) | 5.5 | IPCC 2007 |
| R-290 (propane) | 3.3 | IPCC 2007 |
| R-404A | 3,922 | Calculated |
| R-407C | 1,774 | Calculated |
| R-410A | 2,088 | Calculated |
| R-441A | 3 | Calculated |
| R-448A | 1,386 | Calculated |
| R-449A | 1,396 | Calculated |
| R-449B | 1,411 | Calculated |
| R-450A | 601 | Calculated |
| R-451A | 147 | Calculated |
| R-452A | 2,140 | Calculated |
| R-452B | 698 | Calculated |
| R-454A | 237 | Calculated |
| R-454B | 465 | Calculated |
| R-454C | 146 | Calculated |
| R-455A | 146 | Calculated |
| R-456A | 684 | Calculated |
| R-457A | 137 | Calculated |
| R-457B | 249 | Calculated |
| R-471A | 144 | Calculated |
| R-476A | 147 | Calculated |
| R-480A | 291 | Calculated |
| R-482A | 144 | Calculated |
| R-507A | 3,985 | Calculated |
| R-508B | 13,396 | Calculated |
| R-513A | 630 | Calculated |
| R-513B | 594 | Calculated |
| R-514A | 3 | Calculated |
| R-515B | 287 | Calculated |
| R-516A | 140 | Calculated |
| R-600 (butane) | 4 | IPCC 2007 |
| R-600a (isobutane) | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| R-717 (ammonia) | 1 | WMO 2022 |
| R-744 (carbon dioxide) | 1 | IPCC 2007 |
| R-1150 (ethylene) | 3.7 | IPCC 2007 |
| R-1270 (propylene) | 1.8 | IPCC 2007 |
| Saturated light hydrocarbons (C3-C6) | 1-4 | IPCC 2007 and WMO 2022 |
| Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (HCO-1130(E)) | 5 | EPA 2023 |
References
International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. As discussed in the rule, the exchange values for the regulated HFCs listed in subsection (c) of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act are numerically identical to the 100-year AR4 GWPs of each substance.
Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP). 2022. Determination 37, January 20, 2022 (87 FR 3037).
Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP). 2015. Determination 30, July 16, 2015 (80 FR 42053).
Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP). 1996. Rule 5, September 5, 1996 (61 FR 47012).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA ). 2023. Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons: Restrictions on the Use of Certain Hydrofluorocarbons under Subsection (i) of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020. (88 FR 73098)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 2022. Annex: Summary of Abundances, Lifetimes, ODPs, REs, GWPs, and GTPs. In: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2022.