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  2. Clean Water Act Analytical Methods

CWA Analytical Methods: Contaminants of Emerging Concern

On this page:
  • Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Methods Development
    • Contaminants of Emerging Concern in EPA Methods 1694 and 1698
  • Other New Methods

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Methods Development

The EPA has developed two analytical methods to identify and measure certain contaminants of emerging concern, specifically:
  • Method 1694 for a suite of 74 pharmaceuticals and personal care products
  • Method 1698 for a suite of 27 steroids and hormones, that may be determined in wastewater effluents and influents, and sewage sludge (biosolids)
Related Information
  • Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Water Quality Criteria
  • Holding Time Study for PPCP, Sterols & Hormones

These methods were validated in a single laboratory, and initially published in 2007. They have not undergone multi-laboratory validation, and have not been approved for NPDES compliance monitoring purposes at 40 CFR Part 136. Method 1694 is a compilation of at least four procedures with different extractions and analysis conditions. Since 2007, many laboratories have successfully implemented these methods or modified versions.

 
PPCP Methods; Not Approved Under Part 136• Download the publications
NumberMethod Title
1694Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HPLC/MS/MS (2007)
1698Steroids and Hormones in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HRGC/HRMS (2007)

Contaminants of Emerging Concern in EPA Methods 1694 and 1698

Method 1694: 74 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HPLC/MS/MS
PPCPCAS #Classification
Acetaminophen103-90-2Antipyretic, analgesic
Albuterol18559-94-9Antiasthmatic
Ampicillin69-53-4β-lactam antibiotics
Anhydrochlortetracycline (ACTC)13803-65-1Chlorotetracycline degradate
Anhydrotetracycline (ATC)4496-85-9Chlorotetracycline degradate
Azithromycin83905-01-5Macrolide antibiotic
Caffeine58-08-2Stimulant
Carbadox6804 07 05Quinoxaline antibiotic
Carbamazepine298-46-4Anticonvulsant
Cefotaxime63527-52-6Cephalosporin antibiotic
Chlortetracycline (CTC)57-62-5Tetracycline antibiotic
Cimetidine51481-61-9Anti-acid reflux
Ciprofloxacin85721-33-1Quinoline antibiotic
Clarithromycin81103-11-9Macrolide antibiotic
Clinafloxacin105956-97-6Quinoline antibiotic
Cloxacillin61-72-3β-lactam antibiotics
Codeine76-57-3Opiate
Cotinine486-56-6Nicotine metabolite
Dehydronifedipine67035-22-7Nifedipine metabolite
Demeclocycline127-33-3Tetracycline antibiotic
Digoxigenin1672-46-4Immunohistochemical marker steroid
Digoxin20830-75-5Cardiac glycoside
Diltiazem42399-41-7Antihypertensive
1,7-Dimethylxanthine611-59-6Antispasmodic, caffeine metabolite
Diphenhydramine58-73-1Antihistamine
Doxycycline564-25-0Tetracycline antibiotic
Enrofloxacin93106-60-6Quinolone antibiotic
4-Epianhydrochlortetracycline (EACTC)158018-53-2Chlorotetracycline degradate
4-Epianhydrotetracycline (EATC)4465-65-0Chlorotetracycline degradate
4-Epichlortetracycline (ECTC)14297-93-9Chlorotetracycline degradate
4-Epioxytetracycline (EOTC)14206-58-7Oxytetracycline degradate
4-Epitetracycline (ETC)23313-80-6Tetracycline degradate
Erythromycin114-07-8Macrolide antibiotic
Erythromycin anhydrate59319-72-1Macrolide antibiotic
Flumequine42835-25-6Quinolone antibiotic
Fluoxetine54910-89-3SSRI antidepressant
Gemfibrozil25812-30-0Antilipemic
Ibuprofen15687-27-1Analgesic
Isochlortetracycline (ICTC)514-53-4Chlorotetracycline degradate
Lincomycin154-21-2Lincosamide antibiotic
Lomefloxacin98079-51-7Quinoline antibiotic
Metformin657-24-9Anti-diabetes drug
Miconazole22916-47-8Antifungal agent
Minocycline10118-91-8Tetracycline antibiotic
Naproxen22204-53-1Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Norfloxacin70458-96-7Quinoline antibiotic
Norgestimate35189-28-7Hormonal contraceptives
Ofloxacin82419-36-1Quinoline antibiotic
Ormetoprim6981-18-6Macrolide antibiotic
Oxacillin66-79-5β-lactam antibiotics
Oxolinic acid14698-29-4Quinolone antibiotic
Oxytetracycline (OTC)79-57-2Tetracycline antibiotic
Penicillin G61-33-6β-lactam antibiotics
Penicillin V87-08-1β-lactam antibiotics
Ranitidine66357-35-5Anti-acid reflux
Roxithromycin80214-83-1Macrolide antibiotic
Sarafloxacin98105-99-8Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Sulfachloropyridazine80-32-0Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfadiazine68-35-9Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfadimethoxine122-11-2Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfamerazine127-79-7Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfamethazine57-68-1Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfamethizole144-82-1Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfamethoxazole723-46-6Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfanilamide63-74-1Sulfonamide antibiotic
Sulfathiazole72-14-0Sulfonamide antibiotic
Tetracycline (TC)60-54-8Tetracycline antibiotic
Thiabendazole148-79-8Fungicide and parasiticide
Triclocarban101-20-2Antimicrobial, disinfectant
Triclosan3380-34-5Antimicrobial, disinfectant
Trimethoprim738-70-5Pyrimidine antibiotic
Tylosin1401-69-0Macrolide antibiotic
Virginiamycin11006-76-1Macrolide antibiotic
Warfarin81-81-2Anticoagulant

Method 1698: 27 Steroids and Hormones in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HRGC/HRMS
Steroid/HormoneCAS #Classification
Androstenedione63-05-8anabolic agent
Androsterone53-41-8hormone metabolite
Equilenin517-09-9hormone replacement
Equilin474-86-2hormone replacement
17a-Ethynyl Estradiol (EE2)57-63-6ovulation inhibitor
Desogestrel54024-22-5ovulation inhibitor
Mestranol72-33-3ovulation inhibitor
Norethindrone68-22-4ovulation inhibitor
Norgestrel6533-00-2ovulation inhibitor
Campesterol474-62-4Phytosterol (plant sterol)
beta-Sitosterol83-46-5Phytosterol (plant sterol)
Stigmasterol83-48-7Phytosterol (plant sterol)
Beta-Stigmastanol83-45-4Phytosterol (plant sterol)
17a-Estradiol57-91-0Sex Hormone
17b-Estradiol (E2)50-28-2Sex Hormone
Estriol (E3)50-27-1Sex Hormone
Estrone (E1)53-16-7Sex Hormone
Progesterone57-83-0Sex Hormone
Testosterone58-22-0Sex Hormone
17a-Dihydroequilin651-55-8Sterol
Cholestanol80-97-7Sterol
Cholesterol57-88-5Sterol
Desmosterol313-04-2Sterol
Ergosterol57-87-4Sterol
b-Estradiol-3-benzoate50-50-0Sterol
Coprostanol360-68-9Sterol
Epi-Coprostanol516-92-7Sterol
  • Questions and answers about Method 1694

Other New Methods

The EPA also has developed and single lab validated Method 1614A, a revised version of the high-resolution GC/MS procedure for the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants and Method 1699, a new high-resolution GC/MS method for organochlorine pesticides.

Other Chemical Test Methods; Not Approved Under Part 136• Download the publications
NumberMethod Title
1614ABrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Soil, Sediment and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS (2010)
1699Pesticides in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS (2007)

These methods have been validated in a single laboratory and peer-reviewed. The PBDEs in Method 1614A are not currently regulated, and while many of the pesticides in Method 1699 are regulated, neither of these methods have been promulgated at 40 CFR Part 136.

Clean Water Act Analytical Methods

  • PFAS Methods
  • Methods Update Rules
  • Approved Chemical Methods
    • Inorganic Non‑Metals
    • Metals
    • Organic
  • Approved Microbiological Methods
    • Wastewater & Sewage Sludge
    • Ambient Water
  • Approved WET Methods
    • Acute
    • Chronic - Freshwater
    • Chronic - Marine/Estuarine
  • Approved Radiochemical Methods
  • Approved Industry-Specific Methods
  • Other CWA Methods: Chemical
  • Other CWA Methods: Microbiological
  • Other CWA Methods: Biosolids
  • Alternate Test Procedures
  • Regulatory History
Contact Us about CWA Analytical Methods
Contact Us about CWA Analytical Methods to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on September 2, 2025
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