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Lead Service Line Technical Assistance in Support of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law

On This Page:
  • Technical Assistance for Lead Service Line Identification in Support of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
  • Methods for Lead Service Line Identification
  • Related Resources

Lead at any level can cause health concerns, especially for children. To protect public health, it is important for communities to understand where lead service lines are so they can prioritize them for removal and replacement. However, this is especially difficult for older neighborhoods where records are difficult to find or there might be a long history of repairs.

Knowing where a community may have lead service lines is critical to develop a replacement program. EPA researchers are providing technical assistance to communities to help identify where these lines are located.

House surrounded by grass with lines pointing to potential sources of lead that can get into the drinking water.
EPA's infographic about lead in drinking water. Learn basic information about sources of lead in drinking water by reading the full infographic.

Technical Assistance for Lead Service Line Identification in Support of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law

Large hole in sidewalk with a coiled up lead service line that has been removed laying the in grass in front of it.

To help advance the goal of removing lead service lines in the United States, EPA researchers in the Office of Research and Development (ORD) received funding as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) to support the development of strategies for lead service line identification. Researchers are working with multiple communities across the United States to provide technical assistance on the best approaches to identify lead service lines.

Technical assistance focuses on developing and accessing new identification methods, understanding how lead is released into drinking water from different types of pipes, and developing tools that help communities make strategic decisions for how to tackle lead service line identification and removal.

The results of this assistance are being used to develop best practices and tools that drinking water systems can use to minimize cost and improve their ability to identify and remove lead service lines more easily.

Learn more about ORD’s technical assistance in support of BIL.

EPA Researchers Testing New Technologies for Lead Service Line Identification

Public water systems must replace nearly all lead service lines by 2034. Unfortunately, historical service line installation records are often missing or inaccurate, so other methods to determine service line materials are needed. 

EPA researchers have installed a test bed at the EPA’s Edison Environmental Center in New Jersey to evaluate emerging and potential lead service line identification technologies, including minimally invasive approaches like metal detectors.

Learn more about the test bed and opportunities for collaboration: Lead Service Line Identification Test Bed

Methods for Lead Service Line Identification

The first step to lead service line replacement is identification. EPA researchers are evaluating several methods that can identify lead service lines, including those in the Stepwise Lead Service Line Identification Approach.

Disclaimer: The Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) has been finalized and the information presented on this webpage does not necessarily reflect those requirements going forward. EPA does not endorse one lead service line identification technique over another.

How EPA Researchers Use Predictive Modeling for Lead Service Line Identification

Service line inventories are often incomplete and may contain inaccuracies, making the identification and replacement of LSLs challenging and time-consuming. Predictive modeling can be a complementary tool to expedite the identification process by using available data to identify where LSLs are most likely to be present. EPA researchers are interested in partnering with communities to provide a scientifically grounded overview of predictive modeling methods, including outlining their capabilities, data requirements, and suitability for different community water systems. 

Learn more about the project and opportunities for partnership:  How EPA Researchers Use Predictive Modeling for Lead Service Line Identification (pdf) (384.23 KB)

Related Resources

Tools

  • Plumbing Volume Estimator Tool

Publications

  • Frequently Asked Questions on Predictive Modeling for Lead Service Line Identification (2024)
  • Lead service line identification: A review of strategies and approaches (2021)
  • Review of historical plumbing codes for lead service line inventories in the United States (2024)

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Last updated on April 4, 2025
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