2025 Reference Case
EPA's Power Sector Modeling Platform Using IPM
February 20, 2026 - EPA is making the latest power sector modeling platform available, including the associated input data and modeling assumptions, outputs, and documentation. For questions or other inquiries regarding EPA’s Power Sector Modeling Platform 2025, please contact us using our online form.
This updated modeling reflects recent updates to federal legislation affecting the power sector, including the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) of 2025, and also accounts for large projected increases in electricity demand stemming from data centers and Artificial Intelligence applications Fleet information is available in NEEDS for EPA 2025 Reference Case: rev: 11-28-2025 (xlsx)
The Integrated Planning Model (IPM) is a multi-regional, dynamic, deterministic linear programming model of the U.S. electric power sector. It provides projections of least-cost capacity expansion, electricity dispatch, and emission control strategies for meeting energy demand and environmental, transmission, dispatch, and reliability constraints.
- National Electric Energy Data System (NEEDS)
- Documentation for EPA's Power Sector Modeling Platform 2025 Reference Case
- Results using EPA's Power Sector Modeling Platform 2025 Reference Case
- IPM Peer Review
- Retail Price Model - Documentation describing how EPA estimates the difference in average retail electricity prices between projection scenarios.
- Power Sector Labor Analysis Methodology - Documentation describing how EPA estimates the difference in power sector labor demand between projection scenarios.
- Previous versions of EPA Platforms
If you have any questions, please contact us using our online form.