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  1. Home
  2. Nutrient Pollution
  3. Basic Information

Where Nutrient Pollution Occurs

Nutrient pollution affects air and water around the country. The impacts of excess nutrients are found in all types of water bodies. Pollutants often enter upstream waters like creeks and streams and then flow downstream into larger water bodies like lakes, rivers and bays. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus can also travel thousands of miles to coastal areas where the effects of the pollution are felt in the form of massive dead zones, such as those in the Gulf of America and Chesapeake Bay. 

The National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) are collaborative programs between the EPA, states, and Tribes designed to assess the quality of the nation's coastal waters, lakes and reservoirs, rivers and streams, and wetlands using a statistical survey design. NARS results indicate that nutrients are a pervasive issue impacting waters across the country. Excessive levels of phosphorus and nitrogen are reported in greater than 40% of rivers, streams, and lakes and approximately 20% of coastal waters.

How's My Waterway?

Explore the conditions of water quality in your community using the EPA's How's My Waterway tool.

Additionally, nutrients can soak into groundwater which supplies the wells used by millions of Americans for drinking water. Urban areas across the country have hazy skies and air quality problems related to airborne nitrogen pollution.

Learn more about where nutrient pollution occurs:

  • Lakes and Rivers
  • Coasts and Bays
  • Groundwater and Drinking Water
  • Air

Nutrient Pollution

  • Basic Information
    • Sources and Solutions
      • Agriculture
      • Stormwater
      • Wastewater
      • Fossil Fuels
      • In and Around the Home
    • The Effects
      • Human Health
      • Environmental
      • Economic
    • Where it Occurs
      • Lakes and Rivers
      • Coasts and Bays
      • Ground Water and Drinking Water
      • Air
  • What You Can Do
    • In Your Home
    • In Your Yard
    • In Your Community
    • In Your Classroom
  • The EPA’s Efforts to Reduce Nutrient Pollution
    • 2022 Nutrient Reduction Memorandum
    • Ongoing Efforts
    • Previously Issued Policies and Documents
  • Data and Tools to Assist States, Tribes, & Territories
    • Nutrient Data
    • Surface and Source Water Tools
  • Learn about Numeric Nutrient Criteria
    • Programmatic Information
    • Technical Support for Criteria Development
    • State Progress Toward Adopting Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Nitrogen and Phosphorus
  • Research, Reports, & Other Resources
    • Research and Reports
    • Technical Resources
Contact Us about Nutrient Pollution
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on April 11, 2025
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