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Addressing Liability Concerns to Support Cleanup and Reuse of Contaminated Lands

2022 Revised Prospective Purchaser Removal Action Settlement Model

On August 10, 2022, EPA and DOJ issued the Administrative Settlement Agreement for Removal Action by Prospective Purchaser model document ("PPA Removal Model"). Information about the revised PPA removal model document is available from the Agency's Cleanup Enforcement Model Documents Database.

The sustainable reuse of previously contaminated property is an important goal of EPA’s hazardous substances cleanup programs. EPA encourages the cleanup and revitalization of contaminated properties by addressing Superfund liability concerns and implementing the landowner liability protections. By providing guidance and using site-specific enforcement tools addressing available liability protections, EPA is able to assist parties seeking to clean up, reuse, or redevelop contaminated properties.

EPA is committed to encouraging the reuse of contaminated properties because it helps EPA achieve its enforcement and environmental protection goals, such as long-term site stewardship and sustainable land use planning. Often, reuse can support these enforcement and environmental protection goals and help remove obstacles to cleanups and revitalization.

Learn More About Addressing Liability Concerns to Support Cleanup and Reuse of Contaminated Lands

  • Superfund Landowner Liability Protections
    • Bona Fide Prospective Purchasers
    • Contiguous Property Owners
    • Third Party Defenses/Innocent Landowners
    • Residential Property Owners and Lenders
  • Common Elements and Other Landowner Liability Guidance
  • Tools to Address Liability Concerns to Support Cleanup and Reuse
  • State and Local Government Activities and Liability Protections
  • State Response Programs
  • Cleanup and Reuse Success Stories: Cleanup Enforcement Benefits Communities

Resources Addressing Liability Concerns to Support Cleanup and Reuse of Contaminated Lands

  • Policy and guidance documents
  • Reports and other publications
  • The Revitalization Handbook - Addressing Liability Concerns at Contaminated Properties (2019 edition)
  • Top Ten Questions to Ask When Buying a Superfund Site (PDF version 2022)

Coordinating with Other Offices

EPA’s Enforcement Office supports the cleanup and revitalization efforts taken by other EPA offices that administer the following revitalization programs: 

  • Land Revitalization
  • Superfund Redevelopment Initiative
  • Brownfields
  • RE-Powering America's Land Initiative

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Enforcement: Contact Us
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on September 27, 2024
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