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  1. Home
  2. Navajo Nation: Cleaning Up Abandoned Uranium Mines
  3. Abandoned Mines Cleanup

Eastern Abandoned Uranium Mine Region

The Eastern AUM Region includes 101 mines roughly in the area between Gallup and the eastern edge of the Navajo Nation.

Background | Documents | Community Involvement | Contact | Photos

Background

Site Facts
  • 101 total mines
  • Investigations have been completed at 14 of the biggest mines or mines posing the most potential threat to human health
  • Investigations are underway at four other of the biggest or highest risk mines
  • Removal actions have been completed at eight mines
Related Sites
  • Northeast Church Rock Mine
  • Quivira Mines
  • Ruby Mines
  • Mariano Lake Mine
  • Mac and Black Jack Mines
  • Old Church Rock Mine
Site Documents

Community Involvement Plan

Fact Sheets
  • General Eastern AUM Region
  • Northeast Church Rock Mine
  • Mariano Lake Mine
  • Ruby Mines
  • Mac and Black Jack Mine
  • Old Church Rock Mine

Mines in the Eastern Abandoned Uranium Mines Region include most of the largest mines on the Navajo Nation. They include deep below-ground mines that had water pumped out, shallower below-ground mines, and surface pit mines. There was also in-situ leaching at several mines near Crownpoint.

Enforcement

EPA has done extensive research to identify companies that can be held responsible for mine site investigations and cleanups. Many of the original mining companies are out of business or sold to other companies. EPA negotiates agreements with the companies still existing so those companies can pay for the work. EPA has legal agreements with United Nuclear Corporation at the NECR Mine, Chevron at the Old Gulf Mine in Mariano Lake Chapter, Western Nuclear at the Ruby Mines in Smith Lake Chapter, Homestake Mining Company for the Mac and Black Jack Mines in both Smith Lake and Mariano Lake Chapters, and has reached a settlement with Tronox Inc., for many old Kerr-McGee mines.

Investigations at the Mine Sites

EPA has scanned radiation levels at all the mines in the region. The results are available in the Site Screen Reports.

The next step is to perform a detailed investigation called a Removal Site Evaluation. This includes thorough scanning of the mine site and surrounding areas for radiation and sampling surface soil, soil from below the ground, and sediments in washes.

Investigations have been completed at:

  • Northeast Church Rock (NECR) mine and the Northeast Churchrock Quivira #1 mine in the Coyote Canyon Chapter
  • Northeast Church Rock Quivira mine CR-1E in the Standing Rock Chapter
  • Old Gulf mine in Mariano Lake Chapter
  • Ruby mines in Smith Lake Chapter
  • Sections 26, 32, 33 mines in Casamero Lake Chapter
  • Haystack #1, Bibo Trespass and Section 24 mines in Haystack Chapter
  • Four Mac and Black Jack Mines in Smith Lake and Mariano Lake Chapters
  • Old Church Rock Mine in Church Rock Chapter

Interim Actions Completed

EPA has performed actions to address immediate or severe risks at multiple mine sites. Contaminated soils have been excavated and removed from near houses or communities at the NECR Mine, the Quivira Mines, Section 26 mine, and Sections 32 and 33 mines.

  • Physical hazards such as open vent holes and adits were closed at the two Ruby Mines.
  • Fences and/or signs have been placed at several other mine sites.

Contaminated Structures

Construction vehicles working on a dusty hillside.
Repairing the Cover at the Quivira CR 1 Mine Waste Pile in 2010

EPA and NNEPA have tested hundreds of houses and other structures for radiation that might have been from construction materials or fill soil brought from mine sites. EPA has built new homes for several families whose homesites or buildings were found to be contaminated.

Learn more about Addressing Contaminated Structures

Community Involvement

Contacts

Remedial Project Managers

Ali Oppelt
oppelt.alexandra@epa.gov
(415) 314-1902

Danielle Huang 
huang.danielle@epa.gov
(415) 972-3003

Community Involvement Coordinator

Priscilla Tom
tom.priscilla@epa.gov
(505) 240-0093

The mines are spread around many chapters. Residents should know and participate in what EPA is doing in their community, and have a say in it. The main purpose of engaging community members is to give them the opportunity to become involved in EPA’s activities and help shape the decisions that are made affecting their community.

Who Is the Community?

The community includes people in both rural areas and more urban around Gallup. Many people graze livestock near mine sites. The region includes the Baca/Prewitt, Becenti, Bread Springs, Casamero Lake, Church Rock, Coyote Canyon, Crownpoint, Iyanbito, Littlewater, Mariano Lake, Nahodishgish, Pinedale, Red Rock, Rock Springs, Smith Lake, Standing Rock, and Thoreau chapters.

EPA Current Community Involvement Activities

EPA works with community leaders such as the council delegates, chapter, grazing and land board officials Andy Booher, Anthony Begay, Bess Tsosie, Leandra James, Leatricia Cowboy, responsible company liaisons, as well as community members for all outreach activities and information sessions which are conducted with cultural sensitivity. To keep the community informed, EPA has done the following:

  • Developed fact sheets
  • Conducted interviews for a Community Involvement Plan
  • Attend chapter meetings and local events such as fairs and school functions to share information

EPA Past Community Involvement Activities

EPA completed the following activities in the community:

  • Interviews for a Community Involvement Plan
  • Work with chapter officials and family members to gain access to mine sites
  • Attend local events to share information

Partnerships

EPA continues to work and strengthen relationship with a number of organizations focused on uranium and radiation, including:

  • Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency
  • Navajo Nation Abandoned Mine Lands Program
  • Indian Health Service Community Uranium Exposure-Journey to Healing
  • Indian Health Service Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program
  • Office of Navajo Uranium Workers
  • Navajo Birth Cohort Study
  • Navajo Nation Department of Health Community Health Representatives
  • Bureau of Indian Affairs
  • Indian Health Service
  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
  • Nuclear Regulatory Commission
  • Department of Energy
  • University of New Mexico
  • Northern Arizona University
  • Others as suggested by community members and local officials

Site Photographs

Eastern Abandoned Uranium Mine Region
  • Four people holding banner: Uranium Legacy Remembrance and Action Day

    Uranium Remembrance Day for the Spill at the UNC Mill.

  • Construction vehicles working on a dusty hillside.

    Repairing the Cover at the Quivira CR 1 Mine Waste Pile in 2010.

  • Workers standing in front of a  completed home.

    New House Built to Replace Contaminated Structure in Haystack.

  • Earth mover working on a hillside

    Grading and Covering the Mine Waste Pile at NECR in 2009.

  • Crew with a mobile drill working in the middle of an open field

    Sampling Soils Below the Ground at Ruby #3 Mine.

  • Workers carrying packs, gps locators, heavy safety gear walking over boulders.

    Scanning for Radiation at the Old Gulf Mine.

  • Earth movers and water truck wetting road surface

    Excavating Contaminated Soils at the NECR Mine.

Navajo Nation: Cleaning Up Abandoned Uranium Mines

  • Abandoned Mines Cleanup
    • CENTRAL REGION
      • Community Involvement Plans
      • CYPRUS AMAX & WESTERN NUCLEAR MINES
      • BLACK MESA MINING DISTRICT
    • EASTERN REGION
      • Community Involvement Plans
      • Fact Sheets
      • AMBROSIA LAKE MINES (TRONOX)
      • CYPRUS AMAX & WESTERN NUCLEAR MINES
      • MAC AND BLACK JACK MINES
      • MARIANO LAKE MINE (Old Gulf Mine)
      • NORTHEAST CHURCH ROCK MINE
      • OLD CHURCH ROCK MINE
      • QUIVIRA MINES
      • RUBY MINES
      • SECTION 32/33 MINES (TRONOX)
    • NORTH CENTRAL REGION
      • SKYLINE MINE
      • Community Involvement Plan
    • NORTHERN REGION
      • Community Involvement Plans
      • COVE AREA MINES
      • LUKACHUKAI MOUNTAINS MINING DISTRICT
      • CYPRUS AMAX & WESTERN NUCLEAR MINES
    • WESTERN REGION
      • Community Involvement Plans
      • Fact Sheets
      • Maps
      • EL PASO NATURAL GAS MINES
      • ENPRO MINES
      • SECTION 9 LEASE MINES
    • SUPERFUND NPL SITES (Lukachukai)
  • Administrative Records
  • ASPECT Aerial Survey
  • Atlas Screening Assessment Report
  • Community Involvement Plans
  • Contaminated Structures Program
  • Fact Sheets
  • Legal Documents and Settlements
    • TRONOX MINES
      • Fact Sheets
      • Financial Reports
      • Northern Agency RSE Report
    • TRUST MINES
      • Fact Sheet
      • Legal Document and Settlements
      • Technical Reports
  • Site Screen Reports
  • Ten-Year Plan (2020-2029)
    • Related Documents
  • Treatment Technology Pilot Studies
  • Health Effects of Uranium
    • Water Sampling Results
  • Contracting With EPA
    • Navajo Workforce Development
    • RAES Employment and Training Reports
Contact Us
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on February 19, 2025
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